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Brick Corbel and Wall Design Details

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93 views4 pages

Brick Corbel and Wall Design Details

Uploaded by

tiwari.dipesh001
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Himalayan Whitehouse International College

BE (Civil) / Fifth Semester/ Nov. 2022


Subject: Concrete Technology and Masonry Structures

Design of Masonry Structures (Tutorial, Chap. 8)

#Axially Loaded Solid Wall


1. Design a solid masonry wall of a one storey building to carry a 120mm thick RCC
slab with 3m ceiling height. The RCC slab is 4m on both sides of the wall. The live
load on the slab is 4kN/m2. Assume necessary data if required.
2. Design an interior cross wall of a two storey building to carry 120mm thick RCC slab
with 3.o m ceiling height. The wall is unstiffened and supports a 2.5m wide slab on
both sides. Assume loads as follows:
a. Live load on roof = 1.5kN/m2
b. Live load on floor = 2.0 kN/m2
c. Weight of 60mm screeding including finishing = 1.2kN/m2
#Axially Loaded Solid Wall with Piers
3. Design an interior solid wall with piers in a single storey workshop of height of 4m. It
supports udl of 45kN/m from RCC slab roof.
#Wall with Openings
4. Design an interior wall of a two storied wall carrying concrete slabs with a storey
height of 3.15m. The wall is stiffened by 230mm thick intersecting walls at 4m c/c.
Also the wall has a door opening of size 1.2m x 2.1m at a distance of 0.6m from one
end of the intersecting walls. Roof loading = 17.5kN/m, floor loading = 13.5kN/m.
Assume other necessary loading if necessary.
5. Design an interior wall of a two storied wall carrying concrete slabs with a storey
height of 3m. The wall is stiffened by 110mm thick intersecting walls at 4m c/c. Also
the wall has a door opening of size 900mm x 2000mm at a distance of 300mm from
one end of the intersecting walls. Roof loading = 20kN/m, floor loading = 45kN/m.
Assume other necessary loading if necessary.
#Cavity Wall
6. Design cavity wall of two storey building with height 3.5m each consist RCC slab
with total UDL from roof is 20kN/m and from floor is 30kN/m.
#Cavity Wall with Intersecting Walls
7. Design an interior Cavity wall of three storey building, the ceiling height of each
storey is 3m. The wall is stiffened by intersecting walls 200mm thick at 300mm c/c.
Take strength of brick = 15Mpa, Mortar type = M1, Roof load = 12kN/m, and floor
load = 15kN/m.
8. Calculate the effective thickness of a cavity wall made of two leaves. The thickness of
each of the leaves is 110mm and the gap between them is 50mm. One of the leaves of
the wall is stiffened by cross walls of width 110mm placed @3m centre to centre.
#Concentrated Load acting on Solid Wall
9. Design an exterior wall of workshop building 4m high carrying steel truss at top 4.5m
spacing. The wall is securely tied at the roof and floor level. The loading is assumed
as follows:
i) Concentrated reaction from the roof truss = 30kN, acting at the centre of the
wall.
ii) Roof loading = 7kN/m
10. Design an exterior wall of workshop building 3.75m high carrying steel truss at top
4.5m spacing. The wall is securely tied at the roof and floor level. The loading is
assumed as follows:
(i) Concentrated reaction from the roof truss = 55kN, acting at the centre of
the wall.
(ii) Roof loading = 8.5kN/m
Ignore wind load.
#Design of Masonry Retaining Wall
11. Design a masonry retaining wall of 2.5m height with the given data:
Density of soil = 16kN/m3, density of masonry = 20kN/m 3, net bearing pressure =
140kN/m2, allowable compressive stress of masonry = 0.6N/mm 2. Check against
sliding, overturning, tension and bearing.
12. Design a brick masonry retaining wall of top width 0.8m, foundation depth 0.5m, base
width 4.0m, overall height 5.3m, Φ = 35°, γs= 2.3 t/m3, safe bearing capacity = 2.5kg
per cm2. Assume necessary relevant data.
13. Workout for the minimum width of the wall from the following data for vertical earth
face:
Top width = 0.4m, height = 2.4m
Average unit weight of earth retained and masonry wall = 1600 kg/m3 and
2200 kg/m3
Angle of soil friction = 30°
Maximum allowable soil pressure = 12000 kg/m2
Coefficient of friction = 0.7
The top surface of backfill is level, assume no cohesion.
#Eccentric Loading
14. Design an interior wall of one stories building carrying eccentric load due to unequal
short span of 3m and 2.5m on either side of the wall. Use length of wall as 4m. The
height of storey is 3m and load on roof is 10kN/m.
15. Design an interior wall of one stories building carrying eccentric load due to unequal
span of 4m and 3.5m on either side of the wall. The height of storey is 3m and load on
roof is 5.5kN/m2.
#Wall subjected to Wind Load
16. Design an exterior wall of a single warehouse of 3.5m height. The loading on the wall
consists of vertical load of 35.5kN/m from the roof and wind pressure of 950kN/m 2.
The wall is tied with metal anchor at the floor and roof levels.
17. In a framed structure a panel wall of brickwork 220mm thick is 4.5m long and 3m
height (between centre of supports). If panel is subjected to horizontal wind pressure
of 750MPa. Determine the mix of mortar for the brick work considering that, (i) panel
is free at top and supported on other three edges (ii) panel is supported on all four
edges.
#Eccentrically Loaded Solid Wall with Intersecting Walls
18. Brick units used in masonry has strength of 10MPa and mortar type is M1. What is
the basic compressive stress for masonry after 28 days? If the masonry sustain
compressive load at an eccentricity of 10mm in 240mm brick wall, also find
allowable compressive stress for masonry which is full restrained at top and bottom
for a height of 4m. The wall is stiffened by cross walls in a span of 4m.

#Compound Wall
19. Design a compound wall the height of which is 2.5m up to the top of copping.
Assume wind pressure on the wall is uniformly distributed of intensity 1000 N/m 2.
Take the safe bearing pressure on the soil is 120kN/m2.
20. Design a compound wall the height of which is 2m up to the top of copping. Assume
wind pressure on the wall is uniformly distributed of intensity 1000 N/m2. Take the
safe bearing pressure on the soil is 120kN/m2.
#Shear Wall
21. Design a shear wall 5m long and 4m height to resist a horizontal seismic force in its
plane. Assume the seismic load to be uniformly distributed across the height of the
wall. The wall is fixed at base and free at top. Given, earthquake acceleration = 0.1g.
22. Design a shear wall 4.25m long and 3.15 m height to resist a horizontal seismic force
in its plane. Assume the seismic load to be uniformly distributed across the height of
the wall. The earthquake acceleration is 0.1g. The wall is tied with metal anchors at
top and bottom supports.
#Wind and Earthquake Loading
23. Calculate the moment at the base of wall whose thickness is 230mm, length is 5m and
height is 3m. Air pressure throughout the plane of wall is 1200N/m 2 and seismic force
is 0.1g at the plane of wall. Assume necessary data.
#Design of Reinforced Brickwork Lintel Band
24. Design a reinforced brickwork lintel for the window opening of span 2m. The wall
height above the lintel is 1.2m. The thickness of the wall is 200mm. Use brickwork
with characteristics strength 15MPa and steel grade Fe415.
25. Design a reinforced brickwork lintel for the window opening of span 2m. The
thickness of the wall is 230mm and the wall height above the lintel is 1.2m.
Characteristic strength of brick masonry is 10MPa and use mild steel. Also, check
your design if necessary.
#Calculation of Moment of Resistance of Reinforced Brickwork Lintel Band
26. Determine the moment of resistance of brick lintel with total width = 230mm, and
115mm total depth, if 4 numbers of 8mm mild steel bar (Yield strength = 250N/mm 2)
is used with effective cover 30mm. Take characteristic strength of masonry 10N/mm 2.
27. Determine the moment of resistance of brick lintel with total width = 250mm, and
150mm total depth, if 2 numbers of 10 mm mild steel bar is used with effective cover
30mm. Take characteristic strength of masonry 15N/mm2.
28. Find the moment of resistance of reinforced brick lintel with breadth x depth =
220mm x 175mm on edge of brick. Design using no. of 6mm dia mild steel bars
placed at 25mm from bottom face of bricks and taking 8N/mm 2 characteristic
strength.
#Calculation of Moment of Resistance of Reinforced Brickwork Slab
29. A reinforced brickwork slab is made of one layer of brick on edge with total depth of
110mm. The mortar joint is 40mm wide. The reinforcement consists of 8mm dia bars
with fy=415 MPa. The thickness of the brick is 600mm and the reinforcement is
@100mm centre to centre. Find the ultimate moment carrying capacity of 1000mm
wide strip of slab. The characteristic strength of the brickwork is 20MPa.

Common questions

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Design involves calculating the combined load effects from the roof and floors: 20kN/m from the roof and 30kN/m from each floor. Factor in the cavity enhancement, which improves insulation and reduces heat transfer. Ensure each wall leaf adequately supports the imposed loads while maintaining structural integrity. Select materials with appropriate thermal and mechanical properties, considering cavity depth for insulation. Check against compression and shear failures, and enhance stability by interlocking both leaves using ties or wall plugs .

Effective thickness considers each leaf's ability to resist applied loads. Given each leaf is 110mm and separated by a 50mm gap, the structural behavior primarily depends on their interconnected performance. Calculate using formulas that account for overall wall stability, effective load distribution across leaves, and interaction width. Assess the impact of cross wall stiffening, placed every 3m centre-to-centre, in enhancing effective thickness by increasing lateral support .

Piers enhance stability by providing lateral support, enabling the wall to bear greater loads by reducing the effective span between supports. For a single-storey workshop with a 4m height, piers handle a vertical uniformly distributed load (UDL) of 45kN/m from the RCC slab roof. Calculate the bending moment and shear forces induced by this UDL, ensuring the wall and piers collectively support these loads. Consider eccentric loading due to heavy machinery or structural components and adjust pier dimensions accordingly .

The design should factor in different live loads for the roof and floor, 1.5kN/m² and 2.0kN/m² respectively. The interior cross wall must accommodate these loads from a 120mm RCC slab with a ceiling height of 3m. Additional weight considerations include 1.2kN/m² for screeding and finishing. Calculation begins with identifying load distribution and stress points. Check the wall's stability and rigidity, consider the effect of load accumulation on both storeys and reinforcing needs for unstiffened walls .

Design should examine the wall's ability to support a concentrated 30kN load from the roof truss centered on the wall. Analyze load path to ensure effective load transference to the foundation. The concentrated force raises shear and tensile stresses; therefore, the wall must have sufficient material strength and reinforcement to prevent cracking or buckling. The additional roof loading of 7kN/m necessitates calculating cumulative stress impacts, including vertical limitations due to truss spacing (4.5m), and utilizing material properties optimally to counter these stresses .

To design the solid masonry wall, calculate the axial load it must support. The slab dimensions are 4m x 4m = 16m², with a live load of 4kN/m². Total live load = 16m² x 4kN/m² = 64kN. The wall must also support the dead weight of the slab: 120mm = 0.12m, density of RCC ≈ 25kN/m³, thus dead load = 16m² x 0.12m x 25kN/m³ = 48kN. Total load = 64kN + 48kN = 112kN. The wall height is 3m; consider appropriate factors for safety and material properties to ensure structural integrity .

Evaluation involves assessing lateral force resistance of the wall over its entire height, considering the distributed load due to seismic acceleration (0.1g). Check structural stability against overturning, sliding, and excessive deflection failures. Ensure connection strength at base, where maximum moment occurs, and lateral anchors distributed along the height for additional resistance. Material choice should prioritize ductility to absorb and dissipate seismic forces, combined with adequate shear reinforcement to manage in-plane forces .

Key elements include calculating the eccentric load effects due to unequal spans (3m and 2.5m on either side). Address stability by considering eccentricity's impact on compression zones, which results in bending moments. Ensure the wall's length (4m) and height (3m) accommodate these forces; reinforcement can counteract tension zones' effects. Material selection should prioritize high compressive strength and ductility to manage lateral displacement and potential stress redistributions .

Intersecting walls provide lateral support, sharing loads between intersecting points, reducing load on a single axis. For a wall with a cavity and intersecting walls (200mm thick at 300mm c/c), they mitigate eccentric load bearings, spread shear forces, and enhance stiffness. This structural arrangement allows better stability against axial and lateral loads, improving deformation resistance, and counters bending moments caused by variable loading conditions .

Determine the moment of resistance by calculating the reinforcement's yield strength contribution and masonry compression block area. Use the given slab depth, layer, and reinforcement configuration to deduce stress contributions: fy=415MPa for steel, combined with masonry's 20MPa strength. Consider effective cover and position of bars within the slab, calculating the lever arm between compression and tension forces to find the resistance moment for a 1000mm wide slab strip .

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