MODULE III Lesson 1 CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS:

THE CODE OF ETHICS Resolution No. 43

FOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS Series of 1997
Pursuant to the provisions of paragraph €, Article II of R.A No. 7836,
Lesson 1 The Code of Ethics otherwise known as the “Philippines Teachers Professionalization Act of
for Professional Teachers: 1994” and Paragraph (a), Section 6, P.D. No. 223, as amended, the Board for
The Preamble and Article 1 Professional Teachers hereby adopts and promulgates the following “Code
of Ethics for Professional Teachers”.
Lesson 2 The Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers: PREAMBLE
Relationship with the Teachers are duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and reputation
Secondary and Tertiary with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence. In
Stakeholders the practice of their noble profession, they strictly adhere to, observe, and
practice this set of ethical and moral principles, standard, and values.
Lesson 3 The Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers: ARTICLE I
Relationship with the SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Internal Stakeholders Section 1. The Philippine Constitution provides that all educational
institutions shall offer quality education for all Filipino citizens, a vision that
Lesson 4 The Code of Ethics for requires professionally competent teachers committed to is full realization.
Professional Teachers: His/Her The provisions of this Code shall apply, therefore to all teachers in all
Person, Profession and Business schools in the Philippines.
Section 2. This Code covers all public and private school teachers in all
educational institutions at the preschool, primary, elementary, and
secondary levels whether academic, vocational, special, technical, or non-
formal. The term “teacher” shall include industrial art or vocational teachers
and all other persons performing supervisory and/or administrative
functions in all school at the aforesaid levels, whether on full-time or part-
time basis.

Answer the following briefly but substantially.

1. Who are considered professional teachers?
2. Are teachers who have no license considered professionals? Why?
LESSON 2 youth; he shall, therefore, render the best services by providing an
environment conducive to such learning and growth.
ARTICLE II Section 2. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively
THE TEACHER AND THE STATE participate in community movements for moral, social, educational,
Section 1. The schools are the nurseries of the citizens of the state. Each economic and civic betterment.
teacher is a trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the nation Section 3. Every teacher shall merit reasonable social recognition for which
and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage as well as to purpose he shall behave with honor and dignity at all times and refrain from
elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate love of country, such activities as gambling, smoking, drunkenness and other excesses, much
instill allegiance to the Constitution and respect for all duly constituted less illicit relations.
authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state. Section 4. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the
Section 2. Every teacher or school official actively help carry out the community, and shall therefore, study and understand local customs and
declared policies of the state, and shall take an oath to this effect. traditions in order to have a sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from
Section 3. In the interest of the State of the Filipino people as much as of his disparaging the community.
own, every teacher shall be physically, mentally and morally fit. Section 5. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the
Section 4. Every teacher shall possess and actualize full commitment and community informed about the school’s work and accomplishments as well
devotion of duty. as its needs and problems.
Section 5. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, Section 6. Every teacher is intellectual leader in the community, especially in
religious, or other partisan interest, and shall not directly or indirectly the barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such leadership
solicit, require, collect, or receive any money, service, other valuable when needed, to extend counseling services, as appropriate, and to actively
material from any person or entity for such purpose. involves in matters affecting the welfare of the people.
Section 6. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise all other constitutional Section 7. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal
rights and responsibilities. and official relations with other professionals, with government officials,
Section 7. A teacher shall not use his position or official authority of and with the people, individually or collectively.
influence to coerce any other person to follow any political course of action. Section 8. A teacher possesses freedom to attend church and worship, as
Section 8. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have the appropriate, but shall not use his position and influence to proselyte others.
privilege of sharing the product of his researches and investigations,
provided that; if the results are inimical to the declared policies of the State,
they shall be drawn to the proper authorities for appropriate remedial ARTICLE IX
action. THE TEACHER AND PARENTS
Section 1. A teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with
ARTICLE III parents and shall conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.
THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY Section 2. A teacher shall inform parents, through proper authorities of the
Section 1. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the development of progress or deficiencies of learners under him, exercising utmost candor
the and tact in pointing out learners’ deficiencies and in seeking parent’s
cooperation for the proper guidance and improvement of the learners.
 _____13. A professional teacher takes the initiative to organize community
Section 3. A teacher shall hear parent’s complaints with sympathy and activity
understanding and shall discourage unfair criticism. for community development.
_____14. A teacher shows respect for community customs and traditions by
LEARNING ACTIVITIES studying and striving to understand local customs and traditions.
Write True if the statement is correct and False if incorrect. _____15. Parents are primary stakeholders while children are secondary
_____1. The education of the child is sole responsibility of the school heads stakeholders.
and teachers. _____16. Professionalism is manifested when a parent complains to a
_____2. Secondary stakeholders, the learners’ parents indirectly receive the teacher for her son’s failing grade and explains that failure is due to
service. learner’s indifferent attitude.
_____3. Tertiary stakeholders are indirect but crucial participants in the _____17. A professional teacher responds to unfair criticism raised by
process of children’s education. These are the future employers, the parents by listening to the criticism but discourages it.
government or the state and society in general. _____18. The relationship remains cordial if a teacher is sincere and tactful
_____4. It is believed that parents leave their children in schools under the in reporting child’s progress.
care of the administrators while they work. _____19. Teacher needs to connect with parents specially to their children’s
_____5. Schools through the principal are entrusted with the noble task of performances.
instilling pride in learners one’s cultural and educational heritage, love of _____20. Teacher has to objectively shows how the failing grade came
country and in sowing the seeds of national morality. about and assures the parent that the son is given all the academic help he
_____6. Every teacher is expected to be fit or else cannot perform his/her needs.
function.
_____7. A professional teacher violates section 6 of Article II if he/she fails
to vote for no justifiable reason. LESSON 3 THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL
_____8. As a professional, the teacher is expected to take advantage of TEACHERS: RELATIONSHIP WITH THE INTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS
his/her position or power to promote his/her own interest whether political
nor religious nor to solicit, require or collect any money, service or material ARTICLE VIII
from any person. THE TEACHER AND LEARNERS
_____9. Engaging in partisan politics is teacher’s abuse of authority. Section 1. A teacher has a right and duly to determine the academic marks
_____10. The professional teacher shall enjoy academic freedom so he/she and the promotion of learners in the subjects they handle. Such
can share the product of his/her researches and investigations in support of determination shall be in accordance with generally accepted producers of
the endless search for truth with no limits. evaluation and measurement. In case of any complaint, teachers concerned
_____11. A teacher can dishonor its profession by making gambling, shall immediately take appropriate action, observing the process.
smoking, drunkenness and elicit relations. Section 2. A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of the
_____12. A teacher can be a facilitator of learning by earning social learners are his first and foremost concern and shall handle each learner
recognition from the community. justly and impartially.
Section 3. Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced nor documents which have not yet been officially released, or remove records
discrimination against any learner. from the files without official permission.
Section 4. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their Section 5. It shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives
parents or others in their behalf in exchange for requested concessions for what may appear to be unprofessional and unethical conduct of any
especially if underserved. associate. This may be done only if there is incontrovertible evidence for
Section 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly any remuneration such conduct.
from tutorials other than what is authorized for such service. Section 6. A teacher may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable
Section 6. A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner’s work on merit criticism against an associate, preferably in writing without violating any
and qualify of academic performance. right of the individual concerned.
Section 7. In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love Section 7. A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is qualified
develop between teacher and learner, the teacher shall exercise utmost provided that he respects the system of selection on the basis of merit and
professional discretion to avoid scandal, gossip and preferential treatment competence, provided further that all qualified candidates are given the
of the learner. opportunity to be considered.
Section 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending
learners nor make deductions from their scholastic ratings as a punishment
for acts which are not clearly manifestations of poor scholarship. ARTICLE VI
Section 9. A teacher shall insure that conditions contributive to the THE TEACHER AND HIGHER AUTHORITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
maximum development of learners are adequate and shall extend needed Section 1. A teacher shall make his duty to make an honest effort to
assistance in preventing or solving learner’s problems and difficulties. understand and support the legitimate policies of the school and the
administration regardless of professional feeling or private opinion and shall
faithfully carry them out.
ARTICLE V Section 2. A teacher shall not make any false accusation or charges against
THE TEACHER AND THE TEACHING COMMUNITY superiors especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid charges,
Section 1. Teachers shall at all times. Be imbued with the spirit of he should present such under oath to competent authority.
professional loyalty, mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self- Section 3. A teacher shall transact all official business through channels
sacrifice for the common good, and full cooperation with colleagues. When except when special conditions warrant a different procedure, such as when
the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession is at stake in reforms are advocated but are opposed by the immediate superior, in which
any controversy, teachers shall support one another. case the teachers shall appeal directly to the appropriate higher authority.
Section 2. A teacher is not entitled to claim for work not of his own, and Section 4. A teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek
shall give due credit for the work of others which he may use. redress against injustice and discrimination and to the extent possible, shall
Section 3. Before leaving his position, a teacher shall organize and leave to raise his grievances within democratic processes. In doing so, he shall avoid
his successor such records and other data as are necessary to carry on the jeopardizing the interest and welfare of learners who’s right to learn must
work. be respected.
Section 4. A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information
concerning associates and the school, and shall not divulge to anyone
Section 5. A teacher has a right to invoke the principle that appointments, money for quizzes that never were mimeographed or photocopied, the very
promotions and transfers of teachers are made only on the basis of merit reason for money collection. What is ethical for you to do?
and need in the interest of the service.
Section 6. A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual a. File a written complaint against the teacher with the students’ oral
obligation to live up to his contract, assuming full knowledge of the report as evidence.
employment terms and conditions. b. Talk to the teacher concerned and correct his unethical conduct.
c. Bring the students and parents to the teacher concerned.
d. Advise the students to file a written complaint against the teacher.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Write the letter of the correct answer before the number. 5. The school was preparing for a national choral competition. What should
1. Does the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers prohibit a teacher and be the response of the teaching community.
student to fall in love with each other? a. Let the Music teachers do the work since it is music-related.
a. Yes, because it is unprofessional. b. All teachers should cooperate with and support the Music teachers in
b. No, but students should be transferred to another class. whatever way.
c. No, but teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid c. Teachers complained against by students should not be involved in the
preferential treatment of the learner. preparation activities.
d. Yes, because teacher will show favoritism definitely. d. Give passing grades to all students involved in the oral competition.

2. What should be the first and foremost concern of the professional 6. What is the professional obligation of one leaving a position?
teacher? a. Pass on organized records to successor to carry on the work.
a. The interest and welfare of the learners b. Tender a despedida party.
b. The progress of the learners c. Leave your clerk/secretary for your successor’s guidance.
c. The social adjustment of the learners d. Erase all records, successor does not need them anyway.
d. The happiness of the learners
7. Appointments, promotions and transfer of professional teachers are done
3. Does the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers allow teacher to accept only on the basis of_____and _______in the _________.
renumeration for students which tutor teacher rightly deserve? a. merit-need-interest of the service.
a. Yes, they deserve the renumeration for the tutorial services. b. qualifications-years of service-interest of learners
b. No, except for what is authorized for such service. c. seniority-academic degrees-interest of teachers
c. Yes, provided pay is not excessive. d. technical-professional competence-interest of the profession
d. No, they are professional teachers and so are expected to give tutorial
service. 8. Is it professional to support a school’s policy even if you do not personally
agree?
4. Students reported to you about a teacher who has made it a habit to a. No
collect b. Yes
c. Yes, if it is a policy for teachers ARTICLE XI
d. Yes, it depends on the kind of policy THE TEACHER AS A PERSON
Section 1. A teacher is, above all a human being endowed with life for which
LESSON 4 THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL it is the highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether in school,
TEACHERS: RELATIONSHIP WITH THE in the home, or elsewhere.
INTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS Section 2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-discipline as the primary
principles of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all
There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, situations.
hard work and learning from failure. Section 3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which
Colin Powell could serve as a model worthy of emulation by learners, peers and all
others.
ARTICLE IV Section 4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God as guide of his
THE TEACHER AND THE PROFESSION own destiny and of the destinies of men and nations.
Section 1. Every teacher shall actively help ensure that teaching is the
noblest profession, and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in ARTICLE X
teaching as a noble calling. THE TEACHER AND BUSINESS
Section 2. Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of Section 1. A teacher has a right to engage, directly or indirectly, in
quality education, shall make the best preparation for the career of legitimate income generation, provided that it does not relate to or
teaching, and shall be at his best at all times in the practice of his adversely affect his work.
profession. Section 2. A teacher shall maintain good reputation with respect to financial
Section 3. Every teacher shall participate in the continuing professional matters such as in settlement of his job debts, loans and other financial
education (CPE) program of the Professional Regulation Commission, and affairs.
shall pursue such other studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the Section 3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be
prestige of the profession and strengthen his competence, virtues and financially interested in any commercial venture which furnish textbooks
productivity in order to be nationally and internationally competitive. and other school commodities in the purchase and disposal of which he can
Section 4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized to seek support for the exercise official influence, except only when his assignment is inherently
school, but shall not make improper misrepresentations through personal related to such purchase and disposal, provided that such shall be in
advertisements and other questionable means. accordance with existing regulations.
Section 5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that
makers it dignified means for earning a decent living.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Write the letter of the correct answer before the number.
1. As a professional teacher, you shall manifest genuine
________and_______in teaching as a ________calling.
a. pride-enthusiasm-new d. Adversely affects his/her work
b. enthusiasm-pride-noble
c. enthusiasm-pride-good 6. Why is a teacher prohibited from direct business transactions involving
d. genuineness-pride-mission textbooks and school supplies?
a. Possibility of exerting influence for his/her own business interest
2. To be nationally and internationally competitive, in which should teacher b. Her/his main task is to teach not to engage in business
participate according to Article IV of the Code of Ethics? c. To avoid competition
a. Continuing Professional Education d. The Code of Ethics says s
b. Seminars
c. Evaluate school courses SUMMATIVE TEST
d. Writing books Write the letter of the correct answer before the number.
1. Toward the end of the school year, the mother of one of the candidates
3. For a professional teacher to live with dignity in all places at all times, for honors visits you to ask about her child’s chances of graduating with
which honors. She brings a basket of fruits in season for you. What should you do?
should be his/ her principles of personal behavior? A. Reject the basket of fruits and tell her that you have enough at home.
I. Self-respect B. Accept the fruits and assure the mother that the daughter will be given
II. Self-discipline honor student.
III. Charity C. Respectfully reject the offer and explain that you might be accused of
IV. Sincerity bribery.
a. I and II D. Explain the chance of the daughter objectively and graciously accept the
c. II and III offer.
b. I, II, III
d. I, II, II and IV 2. Which of the following is NOT correct under the Code of Ethics for
Teachers regarding teacher and business?
4. According to Article XI of the Code of Ethics, who should serve as guide of A. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be financially
the professional teacher’s destiny and those of men on nations? interested in any commercial venture which furnishes textbooks and other
a. Learners school commodities.
b. Almighty God B. A teacher has no right to engage, directly or indirectly, in legitimate
c. School Head income generation.
d. Teaching philosophy C. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to the financial
matters such as in the settlement of his debts and loans in arranging
5. On what condition can a professional teacher engage in business> satisfactorily his private financial affairs.
a. Income generation is legitimate D. None of the above.
b. Income generation related to her/his work
c. Business includes books and school supplies
3. Every teacher shall participate in the_____ program of the PRC and shall C. Indoctrinate
pursue other studies as will improve his efficiency, prestige, and strengthen D. Preach
his or her competence.
A. Professional Enhancement 8. Which of the following must a teacher provide in the community for
B. Maximizing Learning Competence moral, socioeducational and civic betterment?
C. Continuing Educational Enhancement A. Leadership
D. Continuing Professional Education B. Monetary contributions
C. Hard work
4. During the distribution of the report card, which of the following must be D. Advice
the foremost concern of a teacher?
A. Discuss the projects of the school. 9. Research is encouraged among teachers. They have the privilege of
B. Discuss the progress as well as the deficiencies of the students. expounding the products of their researches. If the results of his research
C. Discuss the unsettled bill of the students. are found to be inimical to the interests of the State, what should the
D. Discuss the complaints of other teachers and classmates of the students. teacher do?
A. Bring the results to proper authorities for remedial action
5. Miss Shamicah Rhina is a new teacher like you. During her first few weeks B. Keep quiet. After all the results are his.
in school, she felt like quitting teaching. At the end of the day she is totally C. Publish the results in the national papers and trumpet the results.
burned out. If you were in her place from whom will you ask assistance? D. Publish the results in a book and ask the government to buy the results.
A. from the principal
B. from the parents 10. Why should a teacher participate in the Continuing Professional
C. from co-teachers Education program of the PRC?
D. from pupils A. To improve his efficiency
B. To enhance the prestige of his position
6. Teachers have the duty to actively carry out the policies of the State. C. To strengthen his competence and productivity
What must he take in order to effect this? D. All of the Above
A. A course in Professional Ethics
B. The Civil Service Examination 11. A teacher may apply for a vacant position as long as
C. The Licensure Examination for Teachers A. He respects the system of selection and that all candidates are given the
D. An oath opportunity to be considered
B. He obtained a doctoral degree.
7. Every teacher has the freedom to worship and to attend the church of his C. The position is really vacant
choice. However, he shall not use his position to influence his students to D. His educational background corresponds to the position.
follow his faith or to ____________.
A. Give a testimony or a homily
B. Proselyte
12. Miss Ruth decided to quit teaching in favor of taking care of her sick D. Principals will see to it that teachers in their schools cast their ballots.
mother. What should she do?
A. She shall bring home all her data and her records on the students. 17. Based on the Code of Ethics for teachers, which of the following is
B. She should not share her data and files. considered unethical?
C. Organize for the incoming teacher such records and other data as are A. Giving due credit for the work of others
necessary to carry on the work. B. Continuing professional education
C. Soliciting from parents to improve the lighting and paraphernalia inside
D. She shall turn over all her chalk, pens, and erasers to the principal. the classroom
13. In order to influence Miss Sarah spend more time in teaching her son D. Supporting other teachers
Dony how to read, Mrs. Rachelle baked a chocolate cake. When Dony
brought the cake to Miss Sarah, what should the latter do? 18. Which of the following is NOT a commendable act of a teacher?
A. Accept the cake, after all she did not ask for it. A. Maintain a dignified personality at all times
B. Accept the cake because it is free B. Recognition of God as Guide of his own destiny
C. Not accept the cake C. Submission to the press any justifiable criticism against another teacher
D. Ask Dony to bring the cake to the principal's office D. Transacting all official businesses through channels

14. What should Miss Jael do with the complaints of Mrs. Angelika on her 19. Miss Mariz was transferred to a school in the farthest barangay because
teaching strategies? the principal and the district supervisor saw her as a threat to their
A. Dismiss the complaints positions. Since injustice has been done, she has the right to ________.
B. Hear the complaints with sympathy and understanding A. Start a demonstration against the principal and the district supervisor
C. Strike back at Mrs. Kim Yaw saying her child is not really intelligent B. Seek redress of grievances
D. Bring the matter to court C. File a case at the Civil Service Commission
D. All of the Above
15. A teacher shall place premium on _________ as the primary principle of
personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all situations. 20. Miss Jhony feels offended by her supervisor’s unfavorable comments
A. Humility after classroom supervision. She concludes that her supervisor does not like
B. Self-discipline her. Whatshould she do?
C. Professionalism A. Initiate a sit down strike
D. Faith in the Creator B. Ask the help of the Parents-Teachers Association against the supervisor
C. Ask the other teachers to side with her and create havoc in the school
16. Why should teachers vote in elections? D. Raise her grievances within acceptable democratic processes
A. It is their constitutional right and responsibility.
B. Congressmen approve the budgets of schools. 21. Which is NOT a commendable act of any school official?
C. Their license as a professional teacher will be revoked if they will not A. Alcoholism
vote. B. Discourage attendance to professional growth and encouraging
the teachers to just stick to teaching 26. You just passed the Licensure Examination for Teachers. You applied for
C. Recommend the dismissal of a teacher for any cause a teaching job in a central school. The district supervisor promised you a
D. All of the above position if you are willing to give a month's salary in advance. How will you
react to this situation?
22. Which is unethical on the part of professional teacher? A. Accept the offer because it is difficult to land a job nowadays
A. She does not know the terms and conditions of her employment B. Refuse to pay but apply for the position just the same
B. She avoids jeopardizing the interests and welfare of the learners C. Accept the offer and mark the money to be used as evidence
C. She bases the evaluation of the learner's work only in merit D. Report the matter to the national dailies
and quality of academic performance.
D. She establishes cordial relations with the community. 27. Whose interest is the teacher's first and foremost concern?
A. The Dep-Ed
23. Which is not in the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers? B. The principal and the management staff
A. A teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the development of the youth. C. The learner
B. The Code covers all teachers in all educational institutions from pre- D. His own interests
school, primary, elementary, secondary, and collegiate levels.
C. When the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession is at 28. How will a teacher show a good reputation with respect to financial
stake in any controversy, teachers shall support one another. matters?
D. A teacher has the right to engage directly or indirectly in legitimate A. Sells shirts and bags to well-to-do parents during PTA meetings
income generating activities. B. Pays immediately the tuition fees she borrowed
C. Pays for the meals and snacks of the other teachers
24. No matter the degree of offense the learner committed, the teacher D. Settles his debts and loans
shall
_________________. 29. Miss Ailen always fail to listen to what John, a poor performing pupil
A. Not inform any problem to the parents of students. says because of teacher’s bias against the pupil. Which Filipino trait is
B. Not inflict physical harm on the learner illustrated in this case?
C. Not bring any student/learner to the principal's office. A. Extreme personalism
D. Not elevate any problem to higher authorities. B. Lack of reflection
C. Pakikisama
25. The teacher is a human being endowed with life for which it is the D. Professionalism
highest obligation to live with __________ at all times whether in school, in
the home, or elsewhere. 30. Miss Jakie is said to equate authority with power. What does she do?
A. Thoughtfulness A. Intimidates students
B. Humility B. Calls students’ names
C. Dignity C. Shames and retaliates against student
D. Pride D. All of the above
 MODULE II LESSON 1 THE DEMANDS OF SOCIETY FROM THE TEACHER
THE DEMANDS OF SOCIETY AS A PROFESSIONAL
FROM THE TEACHER AS A PROFESSIONAL
AND AS A PERSON
Teacher professionalism has long been a topic of great interest to various
stakeholders in education. In general, skills and knowledge are two key
Lesson 1 The Demands of Society from elements central to the constitution of teacher professionalism. Teachers
the Teacher as a Professional are sometimes being empowered but sometimes are being depowered
during the changes. In facing
challenges coming from the changes, some teachers can get furtherpersonal
Lesson 2 The Demands of Society from growth and professional development (Wu, J., et al.,2017).
the Teacher as a Perso
Teachers play a crucial role in nation building. Through qualitLy teachers,
the Philippines can develop holistic learners who are steeped in values,
equipped with 21st century skills, and able to propel the country to
development and progress. This is in consonance with the Department of
Education vision of producing: “Filipinos who passionately love their country
and whose values and competencies enable them to
realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to building the
nation” (DepED Order No. 36, s. 2013).

Evidences show unequivocally that good teachers are vital to raising student
achievement, i.e., quality learning is contingent upon quality teaching.
Hence, enhancing teacher quality becomes of utmost importance for long-
term and sustainable nation building.

The changes brought about by various national and global frameworks such
as the K to 12 Reform and the ASEAN integration, globalization, and the
changing character of the 21st century learners necessitate improvement
and adaptability of education, and a call for the rethinking of the current
teacher standards.

Parents expects so much of teachers, it is because teachers spend at least 6

hours a day, 5 days a week in 10 months of the school year with students,
thus teachers spend more time with the students than parents. Teachers
have tremendous power to influence students. From his/her very title learner. In the country, we have the Philippine Professional Standards for
“teacher,” to teach well is what society primarily demands of teachers. The Teachers (PPST), these are standards for effective teaching.
learning of the learner is the teacher’s main concern.
Models of Teaching Effectiveness
The societal primary expectation from teachers is a good teaching. Teacher Charlotte James Stronge McREL Model Robert Manzano
is considered the single most important factor in the learner’s learning Danielson Teacher (Mid-Continent Causal Teacher
according to research. The effective teacher makes the good and the not so Framework for Effectiveness Research for Evaluation
Teaching Performance Education and Model
good learner learn. Clearly, a teacher’s impact on learners lasts. The teacher
Evaluation Learning)
is the key to student achievement. Then you have to compare yourselves to
System
become the best and the brightest, the most caring, competent and (TEPES) System
compassionate teachers. The best and the brightest are those that possess 1. Planning and Instructional Teachers Planning and
the competencies expected of professional teachers. Preparation planning facilitate Preparing
Assessment learning for their -for lessons
The Teacher as a Professional of/for students. -for use of
Learning Teachers know technology
1. A professional is one who went through long years of preparation to earn
the content they -for needs of
a teacher education a degree recognized by the Commission on Higher
teach. students
Education. receiving
2. Hurdled a Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) administered by the Special
Board for Professional Teachers with the supervision of the Professional education
Regulation Commission. -for needs of
3. By passing the LET, he/she obtains a license which he/she is obliged to students who
lack support for
renew every three years on condition that he/she can show proof of
schooling
Continuing Professional Development.
2. Instruction Professional Teachers know Classroom and
4. As a professional teacher he/she is expected to abide by the Code of Knowledge the content they strategies and
Ethics for Professional Teachers. Violation of the Code of Ethics can be a Instructional teach. Teachers behaviors
ground for the revocation of license. Delivery facilitate -communicating
Communication learning for their learning goals
The aforementioned ensure that as a professional teacher, he/she practices students. and
feedback and
his\her profession with technical and ethical and moral competence.
establishing
rules and
The Demands from the Teacher as a Professional procedures.
The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers spells out the demands of the -involve
state, community, higher authorities and school officials and parents from addressing
teachers. The word “teacher” suggests that the main responsibility of the content by
professional teachers is to teach. The teacher’s primary customer is the helping
 Students interact school
with new rules and
knowledge, procedures
practice and -participating in
deepen the new school activities
knowledge.
-helping Since the main task of the professional teacher is to teach, society demands
students from him/her teaching competence. Teaching competence is spelled out in
generate and
the PPST and in the four models of effective teaching given in the preceding
test hypotheses.
[Link] Classroom The learning Environment Teachers paragraphs. This means that if he/she has to teach effectively he/she has to:
Environment Environment Teachers facilitate 1. prepare and plan very well for instruction
Student Progress establish a learning of their 2. execute or deliver that instruction plan very well because he/she has
the work of the respectful students. professional knowledge (mastery of the subject matter)
teacher results environment for 3. create a conducive or favorable learning environment for diverse groups
a diverse of learners
population of
4. assess and report learner’s progress
students.
4. Professional Professionalism Teachers Collegiality and 5. demonstrate professionalism as he/she deals with superiors, colleagues,
responsibilities maintains a demonstrate Professionalism students and parents
commitment to leadership.
-reflecting on Teachers Teachers reflect The first step of competent teaching is instructional preparation. This entails
teaching -lead in their on clarifying learning outcomes and choice of appropriate teaching-learning
-maintaining professional classrooms their practices activities and use of assessment tasks aligned to the learning outcomes to
accurate records ethics, -demonstrate -promoting
check on learner’s [Link] professional teacher possesses pedagogical
-communicating communicates leadership in the positive
with effectively and school interactions with content knowledge. He/she is fully aware that pedagogical content
friends takes -lead the colleagues, knowledge (how to teach particular subject matter content) is central to
-participating in responsibility for teaching students teacher effectiveness.
the and profession and parents
professional participates in -advocate for -seeking The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST)
community professional schools mentorship The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, which is built on NCBTS,
-growing growth and students for areas of
complements the reform initiatives on teacher quality from pre-service
professionally that results in -demonstrate need/interest
-showing enhanced high -mentoring other education to in-service training. It articulates what constitutes teacher
professionalism learning. ethical standards teachers and quality in the K to 12 Reform through well-defined domains, strands, and
sharing indicators that provide measures of professional learning, competent
ideas and practice, and effective engagement. This set of standards makes explicit
strategies what teachers should know, be able to do and value to achieve
-adhering to
competence, improved student learning outcomes, and eventually quality • establish learning environments that are responsive to learner diversity.
education. It is founded on teaching philosophies of learner-centeredness, They respect learners’ diverse characteristics and experiences as inputs to
lifelong learning, and inclusivity/inclusiveness, among others. The the planning and design of learning opportunities. They encourage the
professional standards, therefore, become a public statement of celebration of diversity in the classroom and the need for teaching practices
professional accountability that can help teachers reflect on and that are differentiated to encourage all learners to be successful citizens in a
assess their own practices as they aspire for personal growth and changing local and global environment.
professional development. • interact with the national and local curriculum requirements. They
translate curriculum content into learning activities that are relevant to
The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers defines teacher quality in learners and based on the principles of effective teaching and learning. They
the Philippines. The standards describe the expectations of teachers’ apply their professional knowledge to plan and design, individually or in
increasing levels of knowledge, practice and professional engagement. At collaboration with colleagues, wellstructured and sequenced lessons that
the same time, the standards allow for teachers’ growing understanding, are contextually relevant, responsive to learners’ needs and incorporate a
applied with increasing sophistication across a broader and more complex range of teaching and learning resources. They communicate learning goals
range of teaching/learning situations. to support learner participation, understanding and achievement.
• apply a variety of assessment tools and strategies in monitoring,
The following describes the breadth of 7 Domains that are required by evaluating, documenting and reporting learners’ needs, progress and
teachers to be effective in the 21st Century in the Philippines. Quality achievement. They use assessment data in a variety of ways to inform and
teachers in the Philippines need to possess the following characteristics: enhance the teaching and learning process and programs. They provide
learners with the necessary feedback about
• recognize the importance of mastery of content knowledge and its learning outcomes that informs the reporting cycle and enables teachers to
interconnectedness within and across curriculum areas, coupled with a select, organize and use sound assessment processes.
sound and critical understanding of the application of theories and • establish school-community partnerships aimed at enriching the learning
principles of teaching and learning. They apply developmentally appropriate environment, as well as the community’s engagement in the educative
and meaningful pedagogy grounded on content knowledge and current process. They identify and respond to opportunities that link teaching and
research. They display proficiency in Mother Tongue, Filipino and English to learning in the classroom to the experiences, interests and aspirations of the
facilitate the teaching and learning process, as well as exhibit the needed wider school community and other key stakeholders. They understand and
skills in the use of communication strategies, teaching strategies and fulfill their obligations in upholding professional ethics, accountability and
technologies to promote high-quality learning outcomes. transparency to promote professional and harmonious relationships with
• provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in learners, parents, schools and the wider community.
order to promote learner responsibility and achievement. They create an • value personal growth and professional development and exhibit high
environment that is learning-focused and they efficiently manage learner personal regard for the profession by maintaining qualities that uphold the
behavior in a physical and virtual space. They utilize a range of resources dignity of teaching such as caring attitude, respect and integrity. They value
and provide intellectually challenging and stimulating activities to encourage personal and professional reflection and learning to improve their practice.
constructive classroom interactions geared towards They assume responsibility for personal growth and professional
the attainment of high standards of learning. development for lifelong learning.
Lesson 2 THE DEMANDS OF SOCIETY FROM THE TEACHER c. They are caring professionals who build students’ confidence and teach
AS A PERSON students to believe in themselves.
4. Creative- are resourceful and inventive in how they teach their classes.
a. Teachers don’t let their standards stop them
More than any other professional, teachers are subjected to scrutiny to the b. They teach the same concepts in multiple ways.
minutest detail by those they associate with. Teachers are judged more c. They organize course materials in a cognitively advantageous way.
strictly than other professionals. This can be re-stated as “what personal d. They are creative outside of teaching.
qualities or attributes of teachers are demanded by the teaching profession” e. They stay educated themselves.
or “what personal traits must a teacher possess in order to function well as 5. Fair- handle students and grading fairly.
a professional teacher?”. Referring to the professional teacher the Code of a. They treat everyone in class equally
Ethics gives big words like “possesses dignity and reputation, with high b. They monitor their behavior and interactions with all students.
moral values…adheres to, observes and practices set of ethical and moral 6. Display a personal touch- approachable
principles standards and values.” a. Students expect their instructors to care about them and their academic
performance.
12 Characteristics of an Effective Teacher b. Teacher demonstrates concern by learning and using students’ names,
1. Prepared- effective teachers come to class each day ready to teach talking to them before and after class and carefully answering questions.
a. They know the subject matter and are able to teach it in a way that c. Inviting students who appear to be having problems with the course to
student can learn. discuss those problems and potential solutions.
b. It is easy to learn in their classroom because they are ready for the day. 7. Cultivate a sense of belonging- have way to make students feel welcome
c. They do not waste instructional time. They start class on time. They teach and comfortable in their classrooms.
the entire class. a. Make introductions immediately and get started on the right foot.
d. Time flies in their class because students are engaged in learning (not b. Prioritize high-quality teacher-student relationships.
bored, less likely to fall asleep) c. Create a supportive and caring learning environment.
2. Positive-have optimistic attitudes about teaching and about students d. Be sensitive to students’ needs and emotions.
a. They see the glass half-full (They look on the positive side of every e. Show interest in students.
situation) 8. Compassionate- are concerned about students’ personal problems and
b. They are available to students. can relate to them and their problems. Compassion can arise from empathy-
c. They communicate with students about their progress. the more general ability to understand and feel others’ emotions-but goes
d. They give praise and recognition. further by also including the desire to help. When compassion does lead to
e. They have strategies to help students be positive towards one another. action, we often call the result kindness. Kindness always includes the
f. They love teaching and would not want to do anything else. intension to benefit other people, especially (though not always) at a cost or
3. Hold high expectations- set no limits on students and believe everyone risk to ourselves.
can be successful. a. Kindness and compassion make us happier.
a. They have the highest standards. b. Compassion makes us more resilient.
b. They consistently challenge students to do their best. -Feeling compassion helps us to overcome empathic distress—or the feeling
for others that makes us so upset that we want to run away rather than and that examples of this quality are “never or seldom telling a funny story
help. We are better able to handle the strong emotions that occur when or joke, being serious all the time, and not smiling or acting jovially around
faced with others’ sufferings. students”.
c. Kindness and compassion are good for our health. [Link] students- do not deliberately embarrass students; teachers who
d. Kindness and compassion improve our relationships. give the highest respect get the highest respect.
e. Kindness and compassion benefit education. a. They treat students politely.
9. Have a sense of humor- make learning fun and do not take everything b. They remain civil and calm, thereby modeling the appropriate behavior.
seriously. c. They meet privately with an offending student not in class.
a. The use of humor in the classroom has been researched extensively [Link]- do not hold grudges.
(Segrist & Hupp, 2015) who summarized 41 years of literature on humor in a. It’s the very core value and represents love in the highest form, but yet
the classroom) and has been shown to have many benefits for students can be so challenging to extend to those who wrong us.
(Banas, Dunbar, Rodriguez & Liu, 2011; Garner, 2006; Huss & Estep, 2016; b. God provides us with the greatest example of forgiveness we’ll ever know
Pollio, by sending His son, who knew no sin, to die for us.
2002), some of which are: c. As we move on from what happened, let us not turn into something that
- An increase in learning. defines us, but something that inspires us to be better, to be more
- An increase in self-motivation. compassionate and more humble people.
- An increase in class attendance. d. Unforgiveness is like cancer. It will eat you from the inside out. It’s not
- An increase in test performance. about the other person, forgiving is all about us.
- An increase in divergent thinking. [Link] mistakes- quick to admit being wrong
- An increase of interest in learning. a. Never try to cover up or blame others for what went wrong. If you
- A reduction of anxiety and stress in dealing with difficult material. messed up, admit it and own it. It doesn’t have to be a big deal-simply
- The creation of a positive social and emotional learning environment. acknowledge your responsibility and move on.
- The creation of a common psychological bond between students and b. Learn from your mistakes. Once you learn from mistakes, don’t repeat
faculty. them. As the old saying goes when you repeat a mistake it is not a mistake
b. McKeachie and Svinicki (2006) summed up these positive consequences anymore but a decision. The nature of great teacher lies in accepting risks,
of humor quite succinctly when they said that transmitting knowledge trying new things, and taking big chances, looking for the limits of what’s
through informal methods such as humor can produce and sustain interest possible. Mistakes are among the greatest teachers, and working to
and deep learning in students. understand your mistakes is one of the best forms of education.
c. Buskist, Sikorski, Buckley & Saville (2002) have indicated that possessing c. Teach others from your mistakes. Make it a point of teaching what you’ve
and exhibiting a good sense of humor is one of the characteristics of learned.
excellent master teacher. Humor can also lead to the establishment of d. Move beyond your mistakes. Success is connected with action. Successful
student-teacher rapport, which is another characteristic of a master people keep moving, they make mistakes but don’t quit. Learn to use failure
teacher. Students also enjoy the process of learning from them. as a stepping stone away from the past. You don’t forget your mistakes. But
d. Busler, Kirk, Keeley & Buskist (2017) also revealed that lacking a sense of you don’t dwell on it or let it get down. Get up and keep moving.
humor is a quality that students perceive to be “reflective of poor teaching”
Professionalism C. INTERGRITY: Since the teacher’s work is not confined merely to the
Professionalism is something demanded of teachers both as professionals development of certain fundamental skills and abilities encompassed by the
and as persons. Professionals perform at a consistently higher level than teaching of the 3R’s but also includes the development of desirable habits
others. That’s the mark of a true professional. Professionalism has nothing and attitudes that go into the formation of character, his manner of living
to do with getting paid for your services. should provide a worthy example for his pupils and student to emulate for
his fellow teachers to be proud of, and for the community to feel as being
The Code of Ethics for Public School Teachers adopted in Section 7 of RA enriched by it
4670 explains professional conduct:

It behooves every teacher to assume and maintain professional attitude to

his work and in dealing with his associates in the profession. It should be his
self-imposed duty to constantly improve himself professionally.
Criticism, when necessary, should clearly reflect friendly motivation and a
sincere desire to uphold the standard and dignity of the profession. In
dealing with his pupils, or students, the teacher should ever strive to be
professionally.

ARTICLE XI – THE TEACHER AS A PERSON

Section 1. A teacher is, above all a human being endowed with life for which
it is the highest obligation to live with dignity at all times whether in school,
in the home, or elsewhere.
Section 2. A teacher shall place premium upon self-discipline as the primary
principles of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all
situations.
Section 3. A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which
could serve as a model worthy of emulation by learners, peers and all
others.
Section 4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God as guide of his
own destiny and of the destinies of men and nations.

The Code of Ethics for public school teachers adopted in section 7 of

Republic Act 4670 cities integrity as one essential trait of a professional
teacher. This is given
below: