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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Biomedical Signal Processing
Assignment- Week 2
TYPE OF QUESTIONS: MCQ/MSQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10
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QUESTION 1:
What is the resolution of an 8-bits ADC for an input voltage range of 0 to 5V?
a. 19.53mV
b. 0.625V
c. 0.1953V
d. 0.625mV
Correct Answer: a
Detailed Solution:
Resolution = Input Voltage / 2 ^ no. of bits = 5 / 2^8 = 5 / 256 = 0.01953V = 19.53mV.
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QUESTION 2:
What is the minimum bit count for an ADC needed to achieve a resolution of 50?
a. 10
b. 50
c. 5
d. 6
Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution:
Resolution of 6-bit ADC will be 2^6 = 64.
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QUESTION 3:
What is the normalized cross correlation value of the signals x = {1, 1, 1, 1} and y = {2, 2, 2, 2}?
a. {0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25}
b. {2, 4, 6, 8, 6, 4, 2}
c. {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
d. {1.15, 1.4, 1.65, 1.9, 1.65, 1.4, 1.15}
Correct Answer: a
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Detailed Solution:
The cross-correlation sequence of x(n) and y(n) is given as,
∞
𝑟𝑥𝑦 (𝑙) = ∑ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑦(𝑛 − 𝑙), 𝑙 = 0, ± 1, ±2, ….
𝑛=−∞
and normalized cross-correlation is given by
𝑟𝑥𝑦 (𝑙)
𝜌𝑥𝑦 =
√𝑟𝑥𝑥 (0)𝑟𝑦𝑦 (0)
Using this formula, cross-correlation sequence will be, 𝑟𝑥𝑦 = {2,4,6,8,6,4,2}, 𝑟𝑥𝑥 (0) = 4,
𝑟𝑦𝑦 (0) = 16, and normalized sequence will be 𝜌𝑥𝑦 = {0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25}.
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QUESTION 4:
What is the normalized auto-correlation value of the signal x = {4,8,2,6}?
a. {0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25}
b. {0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25}
c. {0.2, 1.4, 1.65, 1.9, 1.65, 1.4, 1.15}
d. {0.2, 0.4667, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.4667, 0.2}
Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution:
The auto-correlation sequence of x(n) is given as,
∞
𝑟𝑥𝑥 (𝑙) = ∑ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑥(𝑛 − 𝑙), 𝑙 = 0, ± 1, ±2, …
𝑛=−∞
and normalized auto-correlation is given by
𝑟𝑥𝑥 (𝑙)
𝜌𝑥𝑥(𝑙) =
𝑟𝑥𝑥 (0)
Using this formula, auto-correlation sequence will be, 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = {24, 56, 60, 120, 60, 56, 24},
𝑟𝑥𝑥 (0) = 120 and normalized sequence will be 𝜌𝑥𝑥 = {0.2, 0.4667, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.4667, 0.2}.
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QUESTION 5:
Comment about the signal randomness as per the test of randomness by Kendall, Challis and Kitney
which contains 1000 samples and number of turning points are 600.
a. Random
b. Quasi-periodic
c. Periodic
d. Can’t say
NPTEL Online Certification Courses
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution:
As per the test of randomness by Kendall, Challis and Kitney the signal is random if number of
turning points > 2(Total samples – 2)/3.
For N = 1000, 2(N-2)/3 = 665.33
number of turning points = 600
Hence, signal is not random.
We have no information about periodicity.
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QUESTION 6:
The covariance values of X= {2, 3, 1, 2} and Y= {5, 5, 2, 4} is
0.667 1
a. [ ]
1 2
1.25 1.25
b. [ ]
1.25 1.25
2 1
c. [ ]
1 0.667
0 1
d. [ ]
1 0
Correct answer: a
Detailed solution:
Here, mean 𝑥 and 𝑦 is 2.5.
Co-variance is given by,
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥)(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥)
𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑥, 𝑥) =
𝑛
𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑥, 𝑥) = 0.667
Similarly, 𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑦, 𝑦)=2.
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥)(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦)
𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑦, 𝑥) =
𝑛
Hence, 𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶𝑂𝑉(𝑦, 𝑥)=1.
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QUESTION 7:
The DC gain of MA filter defined as 𝐻(𝑧) = 1 + 2𝑧 −1 + 3𝑧 −2 + 4𝑧 −3 is
a. 20
b. 0
c. 10
d. 1
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Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
H (0) = 1+2+3+4=10
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QUESTION 8:
Find the location of zeros in the transfer function of the notch filter to remove the power line artifact at
60 Hz from the signal, which is sampled at 800Hz.
a. 0.809±j0.587
b. 2±j0.33
c. 0.891±j0.454
d. 0.891±j2.5
Correct Answer: c
Detailed Solution:
The zero locations of notch filter are given by 𝑒 ±𝑗𝜃
2∗𝜋∗60
where 𝜃 = = 0.471𝑟𝑎𝑑
800
Thus, the locations of zeros are 𝑒 ±𝑗𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ± 𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0.891 ± 𝑗0.454.
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QUESTION 9:
A comb filter is used to remove the power line artifacts at 100 Hz, 150 Hz and 250 Hz from the
biomedical signal sampled at 500 Hz. Which of the following is not a location of zeros in the transfer
function of the comb filter?
a. 0.309±j0.951
b. -0.309±j0.951
c. 0.5±j0.866
d. -1±j0
Correct answer: c
Detailed solution:
The zero locations of comb filter are given by 𝑒 ±𝑗𝜃𝑛
where 𝜃𝑛 = 2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝑛 ∗ 50⁄500
𝜃2 = 1.257𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃3 = 1.885𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜃5 = 3.142𝑟𝑎𝑑
Thus, the locations of zeros are 𝑒 ±𝑗𝜃2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 ± 𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 = 0.309 ± 𝑗0.951,
𝑒 ±𝑗𝜃3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃3 ± 𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃3 = −0.309 ± 𝑗0.951, 𝑒 ±𝑗𝜃5 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃5 ± 𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃5 = −1 ± 𝑗0.
NPTEL Online Certification Courses
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
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QUESTION 10:
The transfer function of 3-point MA IIR filter is
1
a. 𝐻(𝑧) = [1 + 𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2 ]
3
1 1−𝑧 −1
b. 𝐻(𝑧) = [ ]
3 1−𝑧 −3
1 1−𝑧 −3
c. 𝐻(𝑧) = [ ]
3 1−𝑧 −2
1 1−𝑧 −3
d. 𝐻(𝑧) = [ ]
3 1−𝑧 −1
Correct answer: d
Detailed solution:
The difference equation for 3-point MA filter (for causal window) is,
1
𝑦(𝑛) = [𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 2)] -------(1)
3
Similarly, the response at (n-1) is
1
𝑦(𝑛 − 1) = [𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 3)] --------- (2)
3
Adding and subtracting x(n-3) in eq. (1), we have
1
𝑦(𝑛) = [−𝑥(𝑛 − 3) + 𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 3)]
3
1
𝑦(𝑛) = [−𝑥(𝑛 − 3) + 𝑥(𝑛)] + 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) (from eq. 2)
3
1
𝑦(𝑛) − 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) = [−𝑥(𝑛 − 3) + 𝑥(𝑛)]
3
Take Z-transform
1
(1 − 𝑧 −1 )𝑌(𝑧) =
[1 − 𝑧 −3 ]𝑋(𝑧)
3
𝑌(𝑧) 1 [1 − 𝑧 −3 ]
𝐻(𝑧) = =
𝑋(𝑧) 3 [1 − 𝑧 −1 ]
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