CHAPTER

PRINCIPLES OFDESIGNS
OF CONTINUOUSBEAMS
SLABS AND STARS
CHAPTER OUTLINE
5.0 INTRODUCTION

5.1 ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS OR SLABS

o 5.2 DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS OR SLABS

 Principles of Design of Continuous
CHAPTER-5 Beams, Slabs
materials of and Stairs
5.2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
5.0 INTRODUC TION
Lighter
5. moment to be resisted is less. construction can be
used for 5.3
DESIGN OF continuous beams as the bending
In case of multistoried reinforced concrete structures, the floor slab is cast monak,
with beams continuous over several spans supported on columns at
A slab/ beam having two or more spans are called continuous slab/beam.
regular intervals
6.2
Following are the
CONTINUOUS
basic rules for the BEAMS OR SLABS
IS: 456-2000, design of
When the slab or beam is continuous over several supports, hogging
bending moment
(-ve) is induced over the supports developing tension at the top surface Effective Span :
continuous slabs or beams as per
and
bending moment (+ve) is induced in the mid span regions developing tensionsagging
1.
in (a) If the width of the support is less
bottom layers as shown in Fig. 5.1. Hence, tension reinforcement has to be prouid shall be as per simply supported than 1/12th of clear span,
at the top near the support and at the bottom the mid span regions. The continuous beam i.e., clear span plus the
beams or slabs are designed for maximum bending moments and shear fore slab/ beam or center to centre
distance supports
effective span
developed due to dead load and super imposed loads.
of
which ever is less. effective depth of
(b) If the supports are wider than 1/12th
The exact analysis of continuous beams or slabs are generally made by conventional less, the effective span shall be as of clear span or
follows. 600 mm which
or classical methods such as moment distribution method, Kani's rotation ever is
contribuion For end spans with one end
method, stiffness or flexibility matrix methods which involves lengthy computations free and
spans, the effective spans shall be the other continuous or for
However IS 456 code permits the use of bending moment and shear force coefficients
Eor end span with one
the clear span intermediate
between the supports.
(Table 12 and 13 of IS : 456-2000) which are shown in Table 6.1 for computing the end free and the other
design bending moments and shear forces in continuous slabs or beamns
supporting
shall be equal to the clear continuous, the effective span
span plus half the effective
substantially uniformly distributed loads over three or more spans which do not differ clear span plus half the width of
depth of beam/slab or
by more than 15% of the longest span.
Redistribution of moments is not permitted " In
discontinuous support, which ever is less.
when using these coefficients. case of spans with rollers or
be the rocket bearings, the effective span shall
distance
between the centers of bearings. always
Hogging BM support (Tension in tap layers)
2. Limiting Stiffness: For spans up to 10 m, the
depth ratio should not exceed 26. basic value of span to effective
steel the span to depth ratio may beDepending on the area and type of tension
up
Sagging BM @ mid span
(Tension in bottom layers) Deflected
Fig. 3 of IS : 456. multiplied by the modification factors as per
shape
FIG 5.1: Deflected Shape of Continuous In
Beam/Slab &Position of Positive &Negative Bending Moments general, continuous beams carry heavy loads and
ratio consequently the span/depth
5.1
ADVANTAGES OF
CONTIWUOUS BEAMS OR SLABS recommended in practical desians is normally in between 15 to 20.
1. The maximum Bending 3. Bending
in case of simply
moment in case of continuous beams/slabs is much less
than Moments and Shear Forces :It needs rigorous structural analysis to get the
supported beam of same span and loading system. design moments and shear
2

3.
The maximum deflections are less. coefficients
the followingshown in Table 5.1forces.
conditions. &5.2However
(Table 12IS &
: 456-2000 permits use of design
13 of IS :456-2000) subjected to
Continuous beams/slabs are much stronger and stiffer
beams. compared to simply suPPot There are three or more
4. The mid span
moment is always less than the
spans.
support moment and hence we1gnt Spans do not dËiffer by 15% of the
the beam doesn't affect the
stresses. longest.
Loads are predominantly uniformly distributed loads.
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 Principles of Design of Continuous
CHAPTER-5 Beams, Slabs and
5.4 DEINEORcED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Reinforcement : Same rules
apply as for simply
Stairs
Table 5.1: Bending Moment Coefficients (Table 12 of IS:456-2000) 4.
Support Moments 5.
Arrangement of Reinforcement
5.2
supported beamslslabs.
:The arrangement
slab is shown in Fig.
Type of Load Span Moments of
Near Middle At Middle of At Support Next to At Other Interior reinforcement in continuous
of End Span Interior Span the End Support
Suppors
-0.1 LÊ
-0.3 L103 L4
Dead load and imposed 1 1 1
1 D
b0.3 Lzt
12 16 10
load (fixed) 12
L 0.25 LiL
Imposed Load 1 1 1
02s L
(Not fixed) (a)
10 12
Reinforcement Type-A Detailling
Note : For obtaining the bending moment, the coefficeint shall be multiplied by the total b0.3 LË 0.3 L
design load and effective span (wi) 0.15 L 0.15 L, -0.3 L
-0.I L 0.15 L,
Table 5.2: Shear Force Coeficients (Table 13 of ls :456-2000)
AtEnd At Support Next to the End Support At all Other
Type of Load 0.15 L 0.25 L
Support Outer Side Inner Side Interlor Supports LI
L
0.25 Le
Dead load and 0.4 0.6 0.55 0.5 (b) Reinforcement Type-B Detailling
Imposed load (fixed)
Imposed load (not 0.45 0.6 0.6 0.6
4-0.1 LI F0.3 L1 Fo.3 Lz -0.3 L
fixed)

Note : For obtaining the shear force, the co-efficient shall be multiplied by the total desing L015 L, 0.25 L 0.25 Lz 0.25 L
load.

The bending moments and shear forces continuous beam/slab due to fixed load (wd) (c) Reinforcement Type-C Detailling
and not fixed load (wl) are shown in table 5.3 & 5.4. FIG 5.2: Different Methods of Detailing of Reinforcement for Continuous Siabs
Table 5.3: Bending Moments at salient points EXAMPLE-1
456-2000.
At the middle of At the middle of At the support next At other uculate the mnaximum BM at the support for a continuous beam using IS:
end span interior span to the end support interior supports Effective depth 350mm
w,
12
w
10
w W, w w, ww, Gross depth = 400 mm, clear distance between supports =4m
16 12 9
10 12
Width of the 230 mm
beam = 230 mm, width of the support=
Table 5.4: Shear Force at Salient Points
Imposed load (not fixed) = 8 kN/m,
Imposed load (fixed) weight
Atend suppot Outer side of the Inner side of the At all other interior
= 12 kN/m excluding self
support next to the support next to the supports No. of spans = 4
end support end support Also calculate the maximum shear force at the supports.
APRIL/MAY. 2011: 0CT. 2005
0.4 wal + 0.45 wjl 0.6 wgl + 0.6 wl 0.55 wa! + 0.6 wil 0.5 wa! + 0.6 w,l

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 of Design of Continuous Beams, Slabs
CHAPTER-5, Principles
5.6 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURER Maximum Shear Force at the
and Stairs
Solution: 4.
/Table 13 of IS :456 - 2000)
Supports : Referring to the BM and SF 5.7
1. Effective Span : The maximum shear force Occurs at the
outer side of the
coeficients
Clear span 4000
Width of support 230 mm,
12 12
=333.3 mm support. support next to the end
V, max= 0.6 Wud l+ 0.6 w., I
1
As the support width is less than of clear span, eftective span is same as that of 06 x 21.45 X 4.23
12
+0.6 x 12 x 423
simply supported beams. Effective span is least of = 84.9 kN
Centre to centre of supports = 4 + 0.23 = 4.23 m
EXAMPLE-2
Clear span + d 4 + 0.4 = 4.4 m
Acontinuous RCC rectangular beam of size 250 ×
400 mm overall is
Hence., Effective span = 4.23 m effective spans of 4.75 m. The beam carries a dead supported by
2. Loads :
.[Link] an imposed load of 15 kN/ m. Find the load of 24 kN/m including self
nert to the end support. Use M 20 and Fe 415 grades
bending moment at the suDDort
Self weight of the beam = 0.23 x 0.4 x 1 x 25
MARCHIAPRIL. 2009; 0CTINOV. 2007
= 2.3 kN/m Solution:
Imposed load, fixed = 12 kN/m 1. Loads :

Total fixed load W = 14.3 kN/m Imposed load, fixed (dead load) wa = 24 kN/m
Imposed load, not fixed W = 8 kN/m Imposed load, not fixed Wj = 15 kN/m
Factored Loads :
Factored Loads :
Factored fixed load Wud = 1.5 x 14.3 =21.45 kN/m
Factored fixed loads W,id = 1.5 x 24 - 36 kN/m
Factored load, not fixed w, = 1.5 >x 8 = 12 kN/m
3.
Factored load, not fixed Wy =1.5 x 15 = 22.5 kN/m
Maximum Bending at the Support :
Z. Bending Moment at the Support Next to the End Support :
Referring to the BM & SF coefficients (Table 12 of IS: 456-2000)
Maximum support moment occurs at support next to the end support

1
[Link] (-ve) = 10
oJ36x475* +G25x478
= 137.63 kN-m
o*21.45 x 4.232+ x12 x4232
= 62.24 kN-m
EXAMPLE-
Calculate3 the maximum factored moment at middle
of interior span of
a 3span

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cont
Factoinreduousdead load (w=8.4 kN/m
1 floor slab with the following data.

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 CHAPTER:5 Principleso D)
LuumuouS DeaMS, SIabs and Staire
5.8 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Shearforce at the outer side of the
(iv) BM and SF support next to the end 5.9
Factored live load (w, )=3.75 kN/m Referring to the
coefficients
(Table 13 of IS supports
Effective span (l) = 3.39 m V,, = 0.6 wud l + 0.6 w,l 456-2000)
OCTINOV. 2016; MARCHIAPRIL. 2010 = 0.6 x 20.06 x 3.5 +
0.6 x 18 x 35
Solution: = 79.93 kN
The maximum factored moment at middle of interior span EXAMPLE-5
x84x3.39 +375x3.392 Design a singly reinforced continuous RC
m, (+ ve) = 12 rectangular beam for flezure for the
following conditions. Use M20 grade concrete and Fe415 stee!.
- 9.62 kN-w No. of spans = 3
EXAMPLE-4 Cloar dis tance between supports = 3600 mm
Calculate shear force at outer side of support next to end support for a continuous Width of support = 300 mm.
overall, Effective
beam as per IS 456-2000. Size of the beam is 300 mm X 450 mm Imposed load (not fixed) = 5 kN/m2
fixed) = 10 kN/m, imposed load (fixed) = 12 kN/m
span = 3.5 m, imposed load (not
Imposed load (fixed) = 7.5 kN/m² (excluding self weight)
excluding self weight, effective cover = 40 mm.
OCTINOV. 2016; MARCHIAPRIL. 2015, 2014 Partial fixity may be expected at the discontinuous edge.
APRILIMAY. 2011: MARCHIAPRILL2006
Solution:
d = 450 40 = 410 mm, Solution :
Effective depth,
Clear span L = 3.6 m
Width of the beam, b 300 mm,
fek = 20 N/mm2
Imposed load (not fixed) = 10 kN/m,
f, = 415 Nimm2
Imposed load (fixed) = 12 kN/m excluding self weight based on s
| =3.5 m
1. Depth of the Beam : Selecting the depth in range of 5 t 20
Effective span,
3600
(ii) Loads d = = 240 mm
15
kN/m
Self weight of the beam= 0.3 x 0.45 x 1 x 25 = 3.375 Adopt d = 250 mm

Imposed load, fixed = 10 kN/m D = 300 mm

Width b = 230 mm
Total fixed load wa = 13.375 kN/m m.
1
span =300
Imposed load, not fixed 2. Effective Span : As the width of support is equal to 12 of clear
W, = 12 kN/m Ctective span I = clear span = 3.6 m beams)
simplysupported
asthat of
Factored loads : (lf it is less than 1
of clear span, effective span issame
12
Factored fixed load Wud = 1.5 x 13.375 = 20.06 kN/m 3. Loads :
Factored load, not fixed W, = 1.5 x 12 = 18 kN/m x 25 = 1.725
KN m
Self weight of the beam = 0.23 x 0.3 x 1
Imposed load, fixed - 7.5 kN/m
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 Design 0j Continuous Beams, Slabs
Principles of and Stairs
CHAPTER:5,
5.10 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 28.74x
x 106 = 0.87x415 x A_t X250| 1- 415x A 5.11
Total fixed load = 9.225 kN/m 20x 230x 250 )
Imposed load, not fixed = 5 kN/m 318.4 =
Factored Loads:
kN/m
A2-22771.1 Ast t 2771.1x318.4 =0
Factored fixed load Wud = 1.5 x 9.225 = 13.84
Factored load, not fixed W = 1.5 x 5 = 7.5 kN/m Ast = 2771.1-V277.1.12-4x2771.lx318.4
2
4. Bending Moments and Shear Forces: Referring to the BM & SF coefficients (Tabla mm2
A = 367
12 & 13 of IS : 456-2000)
Provide 4 bars
of 12 mm diameter,
As provided= 452.4 mm2
Support Moments (Negative) : At support next to the end support reinforcement is provided at all the
13.84 x 3.6 7.5x3.62 Same interior supports as the difference between
[Link] (-ve) = = 28.74 kN-m moments is less.
10 the support
Spans :
At other interior supports 6 Reinforcement at Mid
13.8x3.6 7.5x3.62 At the mid of end span
M, (-ve) = =25.75 kN-m
12 10
Au
M, = 0.87 f, As [Link],
Span Moments (Positive) : At the middle of end spans.

24.67x 106 = 0.87x 415xA x250 415xA,

Mu,max (+ve) = X13.84 x 3.62 7.5 x 3.62 = 24.67 kN-m 20x230x 250
At the middle of interior spans. 273.3 =A 1 - l
2771.1)
M, (+ve) =
16 x13.84 x 3.62 + 7.5 x 3.62 = 19.31 kN-m
Ast =
[Link] 273.3
2
Maximum shear force at support next to the end support
As = 307.4 mm2
V,mor = 0.6 x 13.84 x 3.6 + 0.6 x 7.5 x 3.6 = 46.1 kN
Provide 3 bars of 12 mm diameter. A., provided= 339.3 mm
4. Depth Required : The minimum depth required to resist maximum Bending Moment allthe interior mid spans as the difference
between
M, = 0.138. [Link]² walie reintorcement is provided at
the mid span moments is less.
28.74 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 230 × d2
7. Design of Shear
28.74 x 10
Reinforcement :
d =
VO.138x 20× 230
= 212.8 mm < 250 mnm
Vu 46.1x10 - 0.80N/mm2
Nominal Shear stress bd 230x 250
Hence provided depth is adequate
5. Reinforcement at Supports : At support next to the end support
Fercentage of tension steel at support

P, = X100 452.4 x 100 = 0.787%

M, - 0.87 fyAn d|1 b.d
bd 230x 250

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 CHAPTER-5 Principles of Design of Continuous Beams, Slabs and Stairt

5.12 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES From Fig.4 of IS 456, modification factor = 1.3
5.13
Referring to the table-19 of IS: 456,Shear strength of concrete is Maximum permitted
d ratio = 1.3 × 26 =
33.8
0.57 N/mm2
3600
Maximum shear stress in concrete Tm from table 20 of IS: 456 / provided = =14.4 < 33.8
250
d
Tc,max = 2.8 N/mm2 control is safo
Hence deflection
As t, > t, Shear reinforcement has to be designed.
of Reinforcement are shown in Fig. 5.3
Shear resistance of concrete V, = T, bd = 0.57 x 230 x 250 9 Details
| - 12 4 - 12 ¢
- 32775 N = 32.775 kN 2 -6
2- 12 0.3 L 0.3 L -
180 c/c 2- 12
1080
Shear to be resisted by shear reinforcement (vertical stirrups) 1080M 4-12 2-12
Vs = V - Vuc
= 46.1 - 32.775 = 13.325 KN
Using 6 mm, 2 legged Fe 250 steel stirrups
2- 12 - 0.15 L - 3-12 o2st -2-12 3 - 12
x6 = 56.55 mm2 540 940
Ay = 2x 300 3600 300 3600

0.87 f, A, d 0.87× 250x 56.55x 250 FIG 5.3:

Spacing, S, = EXAMPLE-6
Vus 13325
= 230.8 mm continuous R.C.C rectangular beam of size 250 x 400 mm overall is supported by
A
Maximum allowed spacing = 0.75 d = 0.75 × 250 = 187.5 mm 250x 250 mm size masonry column at clear intervals of 4.5 m. The beam carries a
(or) 300 mm which ever is less. dead load of 24 kN/m including its self weight and an imposed load of 15kN/m. The
concrete is of M 20grade. Design the reinforcement for the support next to end
Hence, provide 2 legged 6 mm stirrups @ 180 mm clc throughout.
support section using 20mm and 16 mm dia Fe.415 grade steel bars.
8. Check for Deflection (Stiffness) : NOV. 2003)

For continuous beams basic value of

Solutlon:
d ratio = 26
Clear span L = 4.5 m
Modification factor for tension steel F Breadth of beam b= 250 mm
% of steel at mid span 339.3x 100
= 0.59 Gross D = 400 mm
230× 250 as 40 mm)
mm (assuming effective cover
required d = 400 - 40 = 360
fs = 0.58 x . x area of steel Width of support
A, prouided b, = 250 mm
(307.4 fck = 20 N/mm2
0.58 X 415 X
339.3) = 218 Nmm2 f = 415 N/mm2
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 of Des ign of
5.14
1, Effective Span:
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES CHAPTER-5 Principles
Area of tension
steel
Continuous Beams, Slabs and Stairs

As b etfective span is same as that of simply supported beams.

5.
0.87f, Asti = 0.36 fck bxXu,maxcorresponding to My,lim (A,): 5.15

is least of Effective span Astl =

0.36 fek b umax
xun
0.87 5, 0.36x20x 250x0.48x360 =861.5 mm
Centre to centre of supports = 4.5 0.25 = 4.75 m
Clear span + d 4.5 + 0.36 4.86 m 6.
Compression Reinforcement (A,c): 0.87x415
Hence, Effective span = 4.75 m 40
= 0.11
d 360
2. Loads :
From table F of SP16. stress in compression steel
Dead load including self weight = 24 kN/m
fe = 350.8 N/mm2
Imposed load = 15 kN/m
Factored Loads : The remaining bending moment has toobe resisted by
couple consisting of
Factored fixed load Wud = 1.5 x 24 = 36 kN/m
steel and the additional tension steel. compressicn
M =Må [Link] = 137.63 - 89.42 =48.21 kN m
Factored load, not fixed w = 1.5 x 15 = 22.5 kN/m
Mu2 = fsc Ase (d - d)
3. Bending Moment at the Support Next to the End Support :
Referring to the BM 48.21x 106 = 350.8 × A (360 40)
& SF coefficients (Table 12 & 13 of IS : 456-2000)
48.21x10
Ase = (360 40) = 429.5 mm?
Mu max (-ve) = Wud.1 + 350.8
7. Additional Tensile Steel (As2) :
=
36 x 4.752 + 22.5 x 4.752 0.87 f, Ast2 fsc Asc
350.8x 429.5
= 137.63 kN-m Ast2 = = 417.3 mm'
0.87 f, (0.87x415)
Bending moment at interior supports
Total tension steel
M, (ve) Ast = Ast1 + Ae) = 861.5 + 417.3 12788 mm
12 and
(4 = 13446 mm
Provide 3- 20 mm bars & 2- 16 mm bars in tension
36 x 4.75 +
x22.5 x 4.752 124.09 KN-m J- l6 mm bars in comnression (A. = 603.2 mm)
4. Þ. Design of Shear
Limiting Moment of Resistance of the Given Section as a Singly Reinforced
Section : Reinforcement :
M. om Shear force at the section
0.138. [Link] = 0. 138 x 20 x 250 x
360
=89.42 x 10° V, = 0.6 w,d. lt 0.6 wut.
N-mm = 8942 KN-m 22.5 x 4.75
As M, > Må.hm . the Section.
V, = 0.6 x 36 x 4.75 +0.6 x
section should be doubly reinforced
designed as a = 166.725 kN
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 Principles of Design of
5.16
CHAPTER-5 Continuous Beams, Slabs and Stair
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURER EXAMPLE-7
Nominal Shear stress Design asingly reinforced continuous RC 5.17

bd
166.725 x10
250 ×360
= 1.853 Nimm2
interior span with
No. ofspans
the following details. rectangular beam for flexure at
middle of
=3
Percentage of tension steel at support Clear distance between Supports
Width of support
=3600 mm
A, x100 1344.6x100
=300 mm
P, = = 1.494 %
ba 250x 360 Imposed load (not fixed) = 5kN/m2
Referring to the table-19 of IS : 456, Shear strength of concrete is Imposed load (fixed)
=7.5 kN/m'
Te = 0.45 N/mm2 Ilee M20grade concrete and Fe 415 stoel (excluding self weight)
Maximum shear stress in concrete Tr mar from Table -20 of IS: 456 OCTINOV. 2016, 2013, 2011;
[Link] = 2.8 N/mm2 Solution: MARCHIAPRIL. 2015
Clear span L = 3.6 m
As t, > te, Shear reinforcement has to be designed.
Shear resistance of concrete
fek = 20 Nimm2

Vue = Te bd = 0.45 x 250 x 360 = 40500 N = 40.5 kN

f, = 415 N/mm
Shear to be resisted by shear reinforcement (vertical stirrups) i) Depth of the Beam : Selecting the depth in range of
tobased
20
on stifness
Vus = V, - Vue = 166.725 40.5 126.225 kN 3600
Using 8 mm, 2 legged Fe415 steel stirrups d = = 240 mm
15
Adopt d = 250 mm
Ag = 2x 4 x82 =100.5 mm?
D = 300 mm
0.87 f, A_y d 0.87x415 x100.5x360 Width b = 300 mm
S,, = = 103.5 mm
Vs 126225
1
Hence, provide 2 legged 8 mm stirrups @ 100 mm clc. (ii) Effective Span : As the width of support is equal to of clear span =300 mm.
12
The reinforcement details of the section shown in Fig.
5.4.
Effective span I= clear span = 3.6 m
250
(If it is less than 1 simply supported beams)
span is same as that of
0 12 of clear span, effective
(ii) Loads :
3-20 2 -8
400 2-16
3-16
@ 100 c/
C
weight of the beam = 0.3 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 = 2.25 kNIm
Imposed load, fixed = 7.5 kN/m
0 Total fixed load = 9.75 kN/m
FIG 5.4: Imposed load not fixed =5 kN/m
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 Design of
CHAPTER:5 Principles of Continuous Beams, Slabs and Stairs
5.18
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Check for deflection (Stiffness)
Factored loads : (ul)
5.19
Factored fixed load Wyd = 1.5 x 9.75 =14.63 kN/m For
continuous heams basic value of
Factored load, not fixed W = 1.5 x 5 = 7.5 kN/m
ratio =20
Modification factor for tension steel F1
(iv) Bending Moments and Shear Forces :
BM at the middle of interior spans. Oh of steel at mid span = 339.3 100
1
x 14.63 x 3.62 + x 7.5 x 3.62
300x250 0.45
M, (+ve) = 16
fs = 0.58 x , x Area of steel
= 19.95 kN-m
A, providedrequired
Maximum shear force at support next to the end support
V,, moy 0.6 x 14.63 x 3.6 + 0.6 x 7.5 x 3.6
= 0.58 x 415 x (236.5
=167.69 N
339.3) mm?
= 47.8 KN From Fig.4 of 1S 456, modification factor =13
(iv) Depth Required :
Maximum permitted ratio = 1.3 x 26 =33.8
The minimum depth required to resist maximum Bending Moment
M, = 0.138. [Link]? 3600
d Provided = = 14.4 < 33.8
250
19.95 x 100 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d'
Hence deflection control is safe.
19.31x10ó EXAMPLE-8
d = =240.9 mm < 250 mm
V0.138x 20×300
A continuous R. C.C. rectangular beam of size 250 x 500 mm ouerall is supported by
Hence provided depth is adequate 300 x 300 mm size masonry pillars at clear intervals of 4m. The beam carries adead
(v) Reinforcement : load of 20 kN/m including its self weight and an imposed bad of 12 kN/m. The
M, = 0.87 f, As d concrete is of M 20grade and steel is Fe-415 grade. Desigr the reinforcement at
fab-d Support next to the end support and interior support section.
415xA 0CTINOV. 2016: MARCHIAPRIL. 2012: 2013
19.95 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ax 250 1 20× 230x 250, Solution:
221 =
Clear Span L = 4 m
2771.1)
Breadth of beam b= 250 mm
A-3614.5 A, + 3614.5 x 221= 0
Gross depth D = 500 mm
mm)
3614.5-V3614.5-4x3614.5x 221 (assuming effective cover as 40
As =
Effective depth d = 500 40 = 460 mm

A = 236.5 mm2 fck = 20 N/mm?

Provide 3bars of 12 mm diameter, At provided= 339.3 mm f, = 415 Nmm?
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 Principles of Design of Continuous
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTUREe CHAPTER-5 Beams, Slabs and Stairs
5.20 A -5542.2 A_t t 5542.2x 556.7 = 0
(i) Effective span: As b< l/12. effective span is same as that of simply supported
beams. 5542.2 - V5542.22 3.21
Effective span is least of
Centre to centre of supports =
Clear span + d
4+ 0.3 = 4.3 m
= 4+ 0.46 = 4.846 m
Ast =

Provide 6 bars
of 12 mm
2
diameter. Ast
(vi) Reinforcement at the interior support section =
-[Link] 7 = 627.8 mm'

Hence, effective span = 4.3 m 678.58 mm?

(ii) Loads
Dead load including self weight = 20 kN/m
M, = 0.87 fy A d1-A)
feb.d
Imposed load = 12 kN/m
83.21 >x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast X460 1-
Factored Loads :
w,id = 1.5 x 20 = 30kN/mn
415xA
20×250x460
Factored fixed load A
501 = Ag1- 5542.2,
Factored load, not fixed W = 1.5 x 12 = 18 kN/m
(iii) Bending Moment at the support next to the end support A2-5542.2 Ast t 5542.2 x 501 = 0
Referring to the BM and SF coefficients (1lable 12 and 13 of IS 456-20001
Ast = 5542.2-5542.2-4x5542.2x501
Mu,max (-ve) = =
10 }x 30x4.3° +|x18x43 2
Provide 5 bars of 12 mm diameter, Ast provided 565.48 mm2
=556.9 mm

= 83.21 kN-m EXAMPLE-7

Bending moment at interior supports Design a continuous one way slab for an office
floor. The slab is continuous aner
beams spaced at 3.5 m intervals. The width of the
logd is 3 kN/m² and floor finish is 1 beam is 230 mm. The superimposed
M, (-ve) = kN/m². Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
= 83.21 kN-m MARCHIAPRIL. 2016: 0CTINOV. 2015
(iv) Limiting moment of resistance of the given section as a singly reinforced section
Solution:
Mu,im [Link]. bd = 0. 138 x 20 x 250 x 4602 l=3.5 m
= 146 x 10 N-mm = 146 kN-m
fck = 20 N/mm2
As Mu < [Link], the section should be designed as a singly reinforced section.
fy = 415 N/mm2
(v) Reinforcemnent at support next to the end 1.
support Depth of the Slab :
-3500 + 3500

M, - 0:87 , Ad|1 fk.b.d

As the slab is continuous. select the depth in range of 25 to
30
based on stifness.

92.45x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x At x 460 415xAt

20x 250x 460
d =
3500
=116.67 mm
30

A
Adopt d = 120 mm
556.7 -A1-;5542.2 D = 145 mm
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5.22 REINFORCED CONCRETE STIRUCTURES 5 | Principles
CHAPTER
of Design of
Continuous Beams, Slabs and Stairs
2. Effective Span :
x 3.392
Width of support = 230 mm 5.23
Clear span = 3500 - 230 = 3270
mm 3.39 11.82 KN-m
Maximumshear force oCcurs at the
Clear span 3270
= 272.5 mm V, = 0.6 Wud. l+ 0.6 w,.1
support next to the end
12 12 support
0.6x6.94x3.39
As bu < 12 effective span is
least of
same as that of
isimply
supported slabs.
Effective span is 4, Depth
Required: The minimum +0.6x4.5x3.39 23.27 kN
depth regquired to resist
Centre to centre of supports = 3.5 m M, =0.138. [Link]? maximum Bending Moment
Clear span + d = 3.27 + 0.12 = 3.39 m 13.72 x 1066 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x ²
Hence, Effective span = 3.39 m 13.72 x 106
d = = 70.5 mm < 120 mm
2. Loads Per Meter Width of Slab: V0.138x 20x 1000
Self weight of the slab 0.145 x 1x 25 =3.625 kN/m2 Hence provided depth is adequate
Floor finish = 1kN/m2 5. Reinforcement at Supports :
Wa = 4.625 KN/m2
M, = 0.87 h,Ag d |1-Ae
Total fixed load

Imposed load WÊ = 3 kN/m2

feab.d
Factored Loads : 415xA,
13.72x 106 =0.87x415xAg x120|1 20x1000x 120
Factored fixed load Wud = 1.5 x 4.625 =6.94 KN/m2
Factored load, not fixed Wu = 1.5 x 3 = 4.5 kN/m2 316.7 = A1 5783.1)
3. Bending Moments and Shear Forces: A_-5783.1A, + 5783.1x316.7= 0
Referring to the BM & SF coefficients (Table 12 & 13 of IS: 456-2000) 5783.1-5783.1 -4x5783.1x3167 - 336.3 mm?
A_ =
Maximum support moment occurs at support next to the end support 2
Using 10 mm diameter bars, spacing of bars
[Link] (-ve) = Wud
6) Wu. 12
S = stx1000 =Ix10x-336.3
As
1000
= 233.5 mm

6.94 x 3.392 +
x4.5 x3392 Maximum spacing is
= 13.72 kN-m (i) 3d = 3x 120 = 360 mm
Maximum span moment occurs at the middle of end span. (i1) 300 mm which ever is
less

M,4, max (+ve) = Wud. + .2

Hence, provide 10 mm bars at 230 mm cdc

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 Design of r
CHAPTER-5, Principles of Continuous Beams, Slabs and Stairs
5.24 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
:
6. Reinforcement at Mid Span : Check for Deflection
8. 5.25
M, = 0.87 f, Ag d lek bd For continuous slabs basic value of
d ratio =26
415x A
11.82 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 XA X120 1 20x1000× 120 Modification factor for tension steel F1
% of steel = 0.28
272.8 =
s = 0.58 x f
A-5783.1 A. t 5783.1 x 272.8 = 0 = 0.58 x 415 = 240 NImm2
5783.1-5783.1 -4x5783.1x272.8 287 mm² From Fig.4 of IS 456, modification factor = 1.55
A = 2

Using 10 mm diameter bars, spacing of bars Maximum permitted ratio = 1.55 x 26 = 40.3
1000
S = Osx1000 x10 x 273.7 mm
A 4 287 3390
provided = = 28.25 < 40.3
120
Maximum spacing is
Hence deflection control is safe
(i) 3d = 3 X 120 = 360 mm

(ii) 300 mm which ever is less 9. Details of reinforcement are shown in Fig. 5.5.
8 280 clc 10 230 c:
Hence, provide 10 mm bars at 270 mm clc
-03L= 1050 03L=105)
7. Distribution Reinforcement :

0.12
A = 0.12 % of gross area = -x1000x145 - 174 mm2
100

Using 8 mm bars, spacing 0.15 L =525 0.25 L = 875 80 280 cc

10 @ 270 clc 230

S = x8x1000 = 289 mm
174 L = 3500

Maximum spacing is FIG 5.5:

(i) 5 d = 5 X 120 = 600

(ii) 450 mm which ever is less

Hence, provide 8 mm bars at 280 mm clc

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 of
Principles of Design
CHAPTER:5 rContinuous Beams, Slabs and Stair
5.26 distance between supports = 3.5 m
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES Clear
2.5kN/m 5.27
REVIEW QUESTIONS Deadload =
Imposedload(not fixed) =10 kN/m
PART-A (1 Mark Question)
spans = 4
1. Mention any two advantages of continuous beams/slabs. No. of
450 mm
Effective depth =
2. Mention the advantage of continuous beam with respect to stitfness as compared to single
mm
span beam. Cover = 50
3. Sketch a three span continuous beam and mark the location where the tension reinforcement Calculate the shear force at the support for a continuous R.C. (March April. 2008)
10.
is provided. 2000. rectangular beam using IS 456-
4. State the conditions to be satisfied to adopt the moment coefficients given in IS 456-2000 for Effective depth = 400 mm, clear distance between supports
continuous beams/slabs. = 4m
Width of the beam = 250 mm, width of the support = 250
PART-B (3 Marks Questions) mm
Imposedload (not fixed) = 7kN/m,
1. What are advantages of continuous beams/slabs ? Imposedload(fixed) =10 KN/m excluding self weight
(OctNou. 2016; March/April. 2015, 2013, 2011)
2. Explain the advantage of continuous beam with respect to stifness as compared to single No. of spans = 4
(Ot. 2006)
span beam. (March/April. 2016, 2012) PART-C (5 Marks Questions)
3. Draw the line diagram of acontinuous beam and indicate salient points with bending moment le,late the bending moment at tour important points of a singly reinforced continuous
equations as per code at those locations. beam with M20 concrete and Fe-415 steel as per IS 456-2000
(March/April. 2016, 2014, 2013, 2012; Oct/Nov. 2015) No. of spans: 3
4. Whatare theconditions to be satisfied to adopt the moment and shear coefficients given in Clear distance between supports:3.6 m
IS 456-2000 for continuous beams/slabs. (Oct/Nov. 2015, 2013; April/May. 2012) Width of support:300 mm
5. What are advantages of continuous beams/slabs ? Imposed load (not fixed) :5 kN/Sq.m
(March/April. 2017, 2013; April/May. 2011) Imposed load (fixed):7.5 kN/Sq.m excluding self weight
(April May. 2011)
6. Sketch a three span continuous beam and mark the location where the tension reinforcement Partial fixity may be expected at the discontinuous edge.
isprovided. (OctNov. 2008) [Link] beam for flexure for the following
Z. Design a singly reinforced continuous
7. Calculate the maximum bending moment at other interior support for a continuous beam as Conditions usingM 20 arade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
per IS 456-2000. Size of the beam is 300 mm 500 mm overall, effective span = 4 m, No of spans = 4
imposed load (not fixed) = 10 kN/m, imposed load (fixed) = 15 kN/m excluding self weight,
(OctNou. 2013, 2011) Clear distance between the supports =4000 mm
effective cover = 40mm.
supported on
Width of support = 300 mm
8. A continuous RCC rectangular beam of size 250 x 500 mm overall is
300 300 mm masonrycolumn at clear intervals of 4 m. Calculate the effective spans. Imposed load (not fixed) =5 kN/m
(April/May. 2011) weight)
Imposed load (fixed) = 7.5 kN/m (excluding self (March.2005)
ends.
456-2000. Partial fixity may be expected atthe discontinuous
9. Calculate the maximum BM at the support for a continuous beam using IS

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5.28 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
3. A continuous [Link] beam of size 230 mmX 450mm overall is supported bu
internal columns 230 mm x 230 mm placed at a clear interval of 4.5 m. If the beam has t
carry a dead load of 18 kN/m and imposed load of 12 kN/m, design the reinforcement at the
support next to end support section M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel.
(Oct/Nov. 2009)
4. A continuous RCC rectangular beam of size 250x 500 mm overall is supported on 300
300 mm masonry columns at clear intervals of 4 m. The beam carries a dead load of
20 kN/m including its self weight and imposed load of 12 KN/m. Concrete is M20 grade and
steel is Fe415 grade. Desing the reinforcement at support next to end support and interior
Support section. (April/May. 2012)
5. A continuous R.C.C rectangular beam of size 250 mm X 500 mm overall is supported by 300
carries a dead load of
mm × 300 mm size masonry pillars at clear intervals of 4 m. The beam
including its self weight and an imposed load of 12 kN/m. The concrete is of M20
20 kN/m
span and
grade andsteel is Fe-415 grade. Design the reinforcement at (a) middle of the end
(March/April. 2014, 2011)
(b) middle of interior span.
is continuous over beams
6. Design a continuous one way slab for an office floor. The slab
super imposed load is
spaced at 3.5 m intervals. The width of the beam is 230 mm. The
3kN/m²and floor finish is 1 kN/m². Use M20 concrete and Fe 415
steel.

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