Q3e Listening & Speaking 5: Video Scripts

UNIT 1
Elderspeak
Page 18
Katie Couric: Now to the health of older people. A new study says the way we talk to them
could affect their well-being. Nancy Cordes has the story.
Lois Granick: So, we start from the very beginning.
Cordes: We are taught that older means wiser, and yet scientists say the older we get,
the more likely we are to be spoken to like children.
Speaker 1: I think it’s demeaning1.
Speaker 2: I think we’re still here. I think we can still think.
Cordes: The technical term for it is elderspeak, a grown-up version of baby talk.
Speaker 3: We did such a good job.
Cordes: Studies show it can be physically and mentally harmful.
Kristine Williams: Older adults who receive this message may suffer injury to their self-
esteem. If they’re depressed, they could become more depressed, and there is
some thought that they may actually start to act like a frail1 little old person
who can’t do for themselves.
Cordes: Researchers at the University of Kansas studied nursing home residents with
dementia1. When staffers used demeaning phrases like “good girl” or “Are we
lost?” the residents were twice as likely to resist care.
Williams: They’re really trying to convey a message that they care to these older adults,
and what they just don’t realize is that they’re also giving this message of
incompetence1 or talking down to them.
Granick: What I’m going to do is minimize1 it.
Cordes: Seventy-six-year-old Lois Granick, who trains seniors to use computers, says
it’s a mistake people only make with her once.
Speaker 4: Because you tell them, “No, thank you”?
Granick: Do I know you? Why do you use my first name? I am Mrs. Granick. I am not,
you know, your buddy.
1
demeaning: adjective insulting or disrespectful
1
frail: adjective weak due to illness or old age
1
dementia: noun serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury that affects the ability
to think, remember, and behave
1
incompetence: noun lack of skill or ability to do a job or task as it should be done
1
minimize: verb to make smaller
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Cordes: Maybe, she says, it’s the young dogs who need to learn some new tricks.

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UNIT 2
The 21st-Century Workplace (Part 1)
Page 34
John Blackstone: Welcome to the good life at Google. This campus in Mountain View,
California, offers employees comforts, privileges, and perks that workers at
most other companies can only envy. But what may seem like luxuries are
actually good business, and Google can prove that because the company
studies everything it does.
Laszlo Bock: We try to bring as much analytics0 and data and science to what we do on the
people side as our engineers do on the product side.
Blackstone: Laszlo Bock heads Google’s People Operations department; that’s HR to you
and me. Google’s talent for data mining gives him detailed information on
what pays off.
Bock: When an employee starts, on the first day, we have data that says if the
manager shows up and says, “Hi, nice to meet you, you’re on my team, we’re
gonna be working together” and does a few other things, those people end up
15 percent more productive in nine months.
David Radcliffe: Google will be an unconventional company.
Blackstone: To make sure the rest of the Googler’s career remains productive is David
Radcliffe’s responsibility.
Radcliffe: We thought it would be a great idea to build a . . . a building that allowed us to
really try out new things and find out what works and what doesn’t work.
Blackstone: He’s in charge of creating the perfect environment.
Radcliffe: We call it our living laboratory.
Blackstone: Inside the living lab, Radcliffe’s team tests everything from floor to ceiling.
Diner booths0, it turns out, can work better than traditional conference
rooms.
Radcliffe: I would say, “casual collisions” are what we try and create within the work
environment. You know, you can’t schedule innovation0.
Blackstone: This is a conference room in here . . .
Radcliffe: It’s a, it’s a conference room that was made overnight. It’s—the idea behind
this is that the employee should own their individual space and be as creative
as possible and we shouldn’t get in the way.
0
analytics: noun detailed analyses
0
diner booth: noun phrase a table at a restaurant enclosed with two long high-back seats
0
innovation: noun a new idea or product
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Blackstone: When all that innovation gets too much, there’s a solution for that, too.
(whispers) Should we whisper out here?
Radcliffe: I think so. No workplace is complete without a nap pod0. We found that the 5-
to 15-minute power nap, it works on Sunday before you watch the football
game, why not here at work?
Blackstone: The lab searches for building materials that are free of chemicals like soy
foam furniture. Even the impact of paint colors is analyzed.
Radcliffe: We actually get a negative response out of this color, so you probably won’t
see it popping up in other parts of . . .
Blackstone: People don’t like purple for some reason.
Radcliffe: I guess not; I don’t know what it is . . . I actually like the color myself, but it
doesn’t work in the work environment.
Blackstone: While unhappy workers at other companies may sometimes feel they’re
toiling0 on a treadmill0, Google offers treadmill desks as an option. Research
has shown that walking while you work can be good for your health.
The company maintains a thousand bikes on campus and gives workers their
own garden space to grow vegetables. Google famously provides free food—
three meals a day plus unlimited snacks. The company’s data mining
revealed that was making Googlers gain weight. A change was needed.
Bock: We started experimenting with what we call nudges, which are small
interventions we can make that don’t force people down a path, but make it
easier to make a better decision.
Blackstone: Nudges promoting smaller plates increased their use by half. Food choices
are now color-coded, green, yellow, and red—red being the least healthy.
Salads and greens moved to the front of the line, and sugary snacks became a
bit harder to find.
Bock: We took the sweets, M&M'S, for example, and we moved them a little further
down the shelf. What we found was over a seven-week period, we actually
had people consume over three million fewer calories of M&M'S.
Blackstone: Ultimately the goal behind all this number crunching is to extend the life of
the average Googler by an astonishing 30 years.
You want them to live longer.
Bock: We do actually. It’s funny. I think our oldest Googler is 83 years old. And we
want people at Google for a lifetime.

0
nap pod: noun phrase a small enclosed spot to sleep
0
toil: verb to work hard
0
treadmill: noun an electric walking machine used for exercise
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Blackstone: And the search giant will keep searching for ways to do that.

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UNIT 2
The 21st-Century Workplace (Part 2)
Page 34
John Waanders: The basic layout of our floor plan is designed very much akin to0 a typical
large-scale Wall Street trading floor.
Betty Liu: It represents the days of Michael Bloomberg and how he traded and how he
worked on Wall Street.
Waanders: On our trading floor typically you’ll find people on opposite ends of the floor
stand up and scream something. Here you’ll often hear that somebody has a
client on the call or a new prospect on line 5 from Ohio.
Liu: There’s so many floors, so many areas to this building that sometimes I get
lost finding my way there, and I’ve been here for six years.
Keenan Mayo: Every kind of nook and cranny0 of the space is kind of occupied at all times.
There are people broadcasting television programs from right next to where
you’re getting your cereal. So when you come in, you know that you really
need to step up to the plate0.
Shannon Pettypiece: We have television, we have radio, we have print, we have a huge
web presence, we have The Wire and The Terminal . . .
Waanders: We have one bank of elevators that everybody comes up together on.
Everybody gets off on the same sixth floor and from there you distribute out
to the 20-something floors that we’ve got. From somebody casually
observing it it’s chaotic, but more often than not I’ll compare it to Grand
Central Station at rush hour.
Pettypiece: I think a lot of engineering has gone into thinking about how to get these
thousands of employees around in a limited space.
Liu: There’s just so many floors, so many areas to this building, that sometimes I
get lost.
Claudio Storelli: I think of it as a university environment because it’s so easy for me to just
start talking to anybody of the team without appointments, without really
much of a formality, which makes sharing of thoughts and ideas extremely
easy.
Liu: The first time I walked into the headquarters, it felt like you were working at
a tech start-up0 or a tech company because it’s that modern, it’s that modern-
0
akin to: adjective phrase similar to
0
nook and cranny: idiom, informal a small corner in a room
0
step up to the plate: idiom to do what is necessary
0
tech start-up: noun phrase a technology company that is just beginning to operate
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looking. All the rooms are made of glass so you can see inside and you can
also see outside of these rooms.
Waanders: People don’t really expect to have a lot of privacy at their desk. So when
you’re sitting at a desk that’s on an open trading floor, the fact that somebody
in a remote office0 has a camera that sees you isn’t much different than
somebody being across the floor and being able to see from there.
Liu: Our main form of communication is email and it’s through our terminals or
on our phones. We can instant-message each other. Your emails come up
quickly. We’re all tethered to our smartphones and our tablets, so it’s almost
like you can’t get away from it.
Waanders: Throughout the building there’s a lot of information about what’s going on
with the company. It’s displayed on walls, on arcade screens, on overhead
displays . . .
Liu: For other people, it might get overwhelming to see all this news all the time.
But for me, well, I’m a news junkie0. . .
Pettypiece: There definitely are days where all this information can get to be a little too
much. You just need to put your headphones on or some earplugs in.
Waanders: There is no place to escape.
Pettypiece: I’m pretty good at tuning out a lot of the information and noise around me.
Liu: I use the news ticker0 on the sixth floor. I look at that all the time too.
Storelli: There’s no office. It goes to the idea of sharing of ideas. When it comes to
throwing out good ideas, we’re all at the same level.
Waanders: Sometimes you’ll see one project going on and another project and they have
roughly the same end, and there’ll be some friendly competition.
Liu: There are actually a couple places that you can relax. Let’s say if I need a
break, I’ll go up to the sixth floor, to The Link, where Bloomberg provides the
free drinks and the free snacks to employees and all the guests that come in.
So I’ll go there and take a break. When the weather gets warmer, we
sometimes have our show meetings outside.
Mayo: Bloomberg employees really do use every piece of the space.
Storelli: You can sense the energy. It’s like seeing the blood flow of the thinking of the
company.

UNIT 3

0
remote office: noun phrase a workplace that is distant from the main office
0
news junkie: noun phrase someone very interested in the news
0
news ticker: noun phrase a line of text containing news shown on a computer or television
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Test Your Vision

Page 73
Caption: This is a simple observation test to show how you use your eyes to track 0 a
moving object.
You will be shown a group passing a basketball.
Some have yellow shirts; some have blue.
Can you count how many times the men in YELLOW pass the ball?
Ignoring the players in blue?
Answer: 12
But did you notice anything unusual?
Watch the scene again.
Did you spot0 the gorilla?
Most people watching this sequence0 miss the gorilla!
Our brains filter out0 information all the time—even the very obvious.
Speaker: OK, be honest here, anybody notice anything a little bit unusual? Be honest.
Ok, it’s just about four or five of you. Excellent. The rest of you . . . not notice
anything strange on this?
Caption: We pay attention to what we think is important—and can be blind0 to the
rest.

UNIT 4
Tropical Rainforests
Page 100
Title: Amazon Rainforest
South America
Narrator: The majority of the Amazon rainforest lies within the heart of South America.

0
track: verb to follow the movements of
0
spot: verb to see or notice something suddenly
0
sequence: noun a set of events or actions
0
filter out: verb phrase to remove a particular kind of information
0
blind: adjective lacking perception, awareness, or judgment
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A dense mass of jungle supporting 1 in 10 of all plant and animal species on

the planet, the Amazon is one of the most important ecosystems0 for life on
Earth.
However, tropical rainforests0 worldwide are declining at an alarming rate,
as habitats are cleared for settlements, farming, logging, mining, and
transport routes.
Can effective ecosystem management help to lessen these devastating
impacts?
Title: Afforestation
Narrator: Afforestation is the opposite of deforestation0 and is where new trees are
planted to replace felled ones.
This practice helps to maintain the fertility of the soil and allows the forest to
regenerate0 in the future.
In some areas of the Amazon, cattle farmers are charged with the
responsibility of replanting land cleared for grazing.
Title: Agroforestry
Narrator: Agroforestry is a technique where trees are left to grow beside crops.
These trees provide extra nourishment0 for the soil, which the roots bind
with, preventing erosion0.
Title: Selective Logging
Narrator: Instead of clear-cutting large sections of forest, selective logging targets only
trees that have reached a certain height.
This means that younger trees are left to grow, allowing the forest to reach
full maturity again in a much shorter time.
However, selective logging is difficult to regulate0.
Title: Carbon Emissions
Narrator: The United Nations has set up a program offering financial incentives to
countries that reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and follow
sustainable practices.

0
ecosystem: noun all the plants and living creatures in a particular area
0
tropical rainforest: noun phrase a thick forest in tropical areas that have a lot of rain
0
deforestation: noun the act of burning or cutting down trees in an area
0
regenerate: verb to make an area grow strong again
0
nourishment: noun food needed to stay alive and healthy
0
erosion: noun the destruction of a surface by force of wind, rain, etc.
0
regulate: verb to control by means of rules
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However, success is limited as not all countries are involved in these

initiatives.
Including Brazil, which contains the majority of the Amazon rainforest.
Title: Legislation
Narrator: Laws protect certain areas of rainforest, prohibiting logging and protecting
the rights of indigenous people.
This has been proven to slow deforestation, which has been found to be
between 1.7 and 20 times higher outside the perimeters of protected
reserves.
But this legislation can be politically controversial, as many argue it
constrains local communities from utilizing natural resources.
Title: Ecotourism
Narrator: Ecotourism is an emerging industry in this region.
It is a way of exploiting the rainforest economically without contributing to
its destruction.
Effective environmental management of the tropical rainforests is essential
to maintain the ecological health of our planet.
However, the political, social, and economic complexities of its management
prove that we are a long way from finding the answers to its long-term
protection.

UNIT 5
Urban Settlements and Land Use Models (Part 1)
Page 118
Narrator: Almost 180,000 people move into cities each day. And now, for the first time
in human history, the majority of the world’s population live in urban
settlements.
Title: Tokyo, Japan
Narrator: Urban settlements can be as large as megacities like Tokyo in Japan, with 35
million inhabitants . . .
Title: Canterbury, UK
Narrator: Or as small as the city of Canterbury in the United Kingdom, home to little
more than 40,000 residents.
And yet, they have many similarities.

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Title: Central Business District

Narrator: Every urban settlement has a central business district in its historic core.
This trading district is always situated where several main roads meet, and
is the primary location for shops, offices, restaurants, and entertainment.
High land value means few people live here.
This is the main difference between the central business district and other
urban zones.
Title: Residential Districts
Narrator: During the Industrial Revolution, many towns experienced a massive 0 influx
of industry workers.
These workers and their families needed accommodation0, and so thousands
of new houses were built, close together, in a grid-like pattern around
factories.
Today, with the decline of many traditional industries, many of these houses
and factories have been replaced by wasteland0 and cheap housing.
With a lack of employment, and low-value housing, many inner-city areas
are characterized by urban decay0, unemployment, and crime.
Wealthier urban residents can choose a suburban lifestyle on the outskirts0
of the city.
Suburban houses are often bigger, with yards, garages, and areas of open
space.
Title: Rural–Urban Fringe
Narrator: Beyond suburbia lies the rural-urban fringe—the transition zone0 between
town and countryside—commonly dotted with business parks, shopping
centers, hotels and, in many cases, airports.
Remarkably, urban settlements follow this basic pattern in almost every
town and city in the developed world . . . transcending size, culture, and
climate.

UNIT 5

0
massive: adjective extremely large
0
accommodation: noun a place to live or stay
0
wasteland: noun an area of land that cannot be used
0
urban decay: noun phrase the decline of a city due to neglect and age
0
outskirts: noun parts of a city far from the center
0
transition zone: noun phrase a space between two very different areas
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Urban Settlements and Land Use Models (Part 2)

Page 118
Narrator: Urban environments are complex interacting systems, constantly adapting to
changes in technology, culture, and science. In order to understand how they
evolve, we must look at their structure.
Title: The Burgess Model
Narrator: In 1924, Ernest Burgess devised the very first model explaining the social
and economic structure of an urban area. His model was very simple, and
showed how a city grows outward from a central point in a series of rings.
The most expensive land lies in the innermost ring—this is the central
business district.
The next outward ring represents the cheapest land, with old factories and
the poorest housing—this is the “inner city.”
After which, the land grows in value until the very outskirts of the city—
occupied by the middle class in newer, larger homes.
This is the residential zone, called the “suburbs.”
Title: The Hoyt Model
Narrator: In 1939, an economist named Homer Hoyt created a new model.
Hoyt proposed that a city develops in sectors0 rather than rings, and took
into account physical features such as hills and rivers.
Hoyt’s model also shows how industries develop alongside lines of
communication . . . and areas of low-cost housing develop in industrial areas
—so that laborers and factory workers can live close to their places of work.
But these models are only relevant in more economically developed
countries.
Title: Developing Countries
Narrator: Cities in less economically developed countries are very different. They still
have a central business district. However, factories, businesses and expensive
apartments frequently develop along main roads out of cities.
The most impoverished0 areas, known as shanty towns, are found either on
the outskirts, or on poor-quality or “marginal” land that is not wanted by
official developers because it is, for example, either steep, contaminated 0, or
marshy.

0
sector: noun a part of a particular area
0
impoverished: adjective poor
0
contaminated: adjective dirty, polluted, and dangerous
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Studying urban structure is important if we are to turn existing urban

settlements into commercially viable0 cities with better residential planning
and environmental harmony0.

UNIT 6
Inventionland
Page 161
George Davison: This is also the way into Inventionland.
Reporter: Wow. (laughs) This is like the—
Davison: The secret door.
Reporter: The secret door!
(voiceover) It’s a factory that would make Willy Wonka jealous.
Reporter: This is incredible. Oh my!
(voiceover) And an office that would make the Wizard of Oz green with envy.
Davison: So this is where all the inspiration happens.
Reporter: Yeah, I bet.
(voiceover) This is Inventionland, a Pittsburgh-based development firm that
turns unique ideas into affordable, everyday products and churns out 0 over
200 new prototypes each month. This one-of-a-kind workspace is an
invention in its own right, straight from the mind of creator George Davison.
Davison: We have a pirate ship because where else would you want to invent a toy
than on a pirate ship? And then you have the robot, and that robot is all for
electronics inventions. So they have symbols kind of attached to them into
the imagination of the mind.
Reporter: This is amazing!
(voiceover) This 61,000-square-foot wonderland0 is comprised of 16 original
departments, ranging from a shack for pet wares to a cave for outdoorsy
items and even a speedway for automotive gadgets0.
Davison: Inventionland is really a psychological playground for creative people. It’s
here to say, you know, you have an idea, all right, great!

0
viable: adjective able to be successful
0
harmony: noun a state of peaceful existence and agreement
0
churn out: verb phrase to produce something quickly and in large quantities
0
wonderland: noun an imaginary or exciting place filled with interesting things
0
gadget: noun a small tool or device that does something useful
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Reporter: (voiceover) For a fee, his company of 250 people helps other hopeful
inventors bring their concepts to life.
Davison: Sometimes there’s an inspiration that just pops into somebody’s mind. Other
times people are looking at something and they see a challenge and they say,
“Hey, I think I could do that better.”
Rindfuss: This is what makes me so mad.
Reporter: Minnesota grandmother and amateur chef Jean Rindfuss found such a
challenge in her frying pan. Her beloved meatballs kept falling to pieces.
Rindfuss: I just went into the room where my husband was and I says, “I am going to
invent a meatball pan.” And he says to me, “Yeah, right.” (laughs)
Reporter: After a quick Internet search, she found Inventionland. The company spent
over two years shepherding her project to completion.
Rindfuss: Look at the nice, round meatballs.
Reporter: Over 100,000 pans have been sold. And this past spring Jean and her
daughter found her meatball baker in major retail outlets.
Rindfuss: Check that out. Check it out!
Reporter: And her once skeptical husband is now the pan’s biggest fan.
Rindfuss: So I get to taste it?
Husband: Uh-uh. They’re mine.
Reporter: The path from start to store shelf is a nine-step process at Inventionland,
including engineering, graphic design, and prototype-building.
Speaker ? All sorts of things! I mean, some of them are fun, some—
Reporter: This assembly-line0 approach to trial and error has led products to find
success at over 1,000 retailers0. There’s the Hydro-Bone, the BikeBoard, the
Bread It, even doggie shoes!
Reporter? I have to say, just looking at this, looking at these products, makes you feel
really stupid. (laughs) All these things, I thought of that, but I didn’t think to
execute. So, you just feel—
Davison: Now you know where to come!
Reporter: Among them is the Hover Creeper, a modern auto mechanic’s tool that boosts
a person off of the ground using compressed air.
And we have liftoff! (laughs) When you look around, what is the best part
about all of this for you?

0
assembly line: noun phrase a system for making things in a factory
0
retailer: noun a person or business that sells goods to the public
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Davison: The people. Inventionland brings in wonderful people. And when they come
in, I get to feel the inspiration. I just get to see them light up. And that to me is
everything, because they’re in one of my ideas.

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UNIT 7
China’s Mass Migration
Page 188
Narrator: These glittering neon signs are beacons0, promising a better life, creating one
of the largest human migrations0 of modern times.
This is Shanghai.
Title: Shanghai, China
Narrator: Millions of farmers in rural areas of China are leaving their homes for
Shanghai’s bright lights.
They’re in search of the better-paid jobs and higher living standards that the
big city has to offer.
This influx of migrants has raised Shanghai’s population to over 18 million.
It’s now the most densely populated city in the world.
The mass migration is putting a strain on Shanghai’s infrastructure.
Traffic congestion has worsened, adding to air pollution caused by the city’s
18 power stations, which are needed to sustain Shanghai’s increasing energy
use.
Modern living encroaches on0 the city’s architectural heritage, with old
houses demolished to make way for skyscrapers and increasingly elaborate
and expensive apartments built for the wealthier urban population.
Despite a construction boom0, the escalating cost of housing means that
Shanghai’s rural migrants can barely afford the most basic of living spaces.
Ironically, the Chinese government only allows the migrants into the city to
fill the low-paid construction and factory jobs created by the construction
boom—jobs that have been shunned0 by the urban population.
This connected cycle of migration, construction, and urban growth continues
to fuel Shanghai’s expansion—attracting ever-more rural migrants in search
of a better life.

UNIT 8
0
beacon: noun a light to guide someone
0
migration: noun the movement of large numbers of people from one place to another
0
encroach on: verb phrase to slowly take over or use more of something
0
boom: noun a sudden increase in economic activity
0
shun: verb to avoid something or someone
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Energy: What’s the Least Worst Option?

Page 206
David Shukman: Protests about power. How we get it, where it comes from. Why is
everyone so angry about energy? I’ve come to Yorkshire, a land where the
rocks hold rich seams of coal0 and where the winds race over the hills
offering a very different sort of power.
No single kind of energy can answer all of our needs. We have a mix and the
question is how that should change. The challenge with energy is that each
type of it has pros and cons.
Burning coal gives us 40 percent of our electricity. It is cheap and also very
polluting. Burning gas gives us 30 percent. It’s much cleaner but we either
import the stuff or frack it out of the ground here in Britain. Nuclear offers a
nice, steady 20 percent, but it is expensive. Which leaves renewables like
wind, it’s intermittent, there’s no pollution, but who would actually want
one of these right on their doorstep?
So, those are the choices. What do we want? So how to decide what’s right?
Gary Smith is the conservation director of the Yorkshire Dales National Park.
His top priority is climate change. So he likes wind power, but just doesn't
want it here. So, why do you keep objecting to wind farms?
Smith: Well, I think the answer to that question really is what we can see all around
us here.
Shukman: You wouldn't like a lovely big 200-turbine farm0 over here, but generating a
lot of power?
Smith: Yeah, I mean, I think as a society, you know, we need energy. That's a given.
Shukman: But not here.
Smith: But not right in this particular location. I think, uh . . .
Shukman: Does that make you a NIMBY0?
Smith: Possibly, possibly.
Shukman: How conflicted do you feel personally as someone who says they are really
interested in tackling climate change, but as the man who not only doesn't
allow wind turbines in the park, but also stops many others around the edge
of the park?

0
seam of coal: phrase a thin layer of coal (hard rock fossil fuel) burned to produce heat
0
turbine farm: noun phrase collection of engines that get power from water, air, or gas
0
NIMBY: noun a person who objects to an unpleasant change in his or her neighborhood (not in
my back yard)
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Smith: You know, climate change is happening, we think. It certainly seems like it is.
Scientists tell us it is, and we’re seeing some signs of how that’s changing the
park, but it is a slow and gradual process.
Shukman: It doesn't merit0, in your view, plastering0 this place in wind turbines.
Smith: We would say it doesn't merit plastering this place in wind turbines right
now.
Shukman: Even though we’re both a bit chilly because there is a very stiff cold breeze
coming off the hills, isn’t there?
Smith: If you were a wind farm developer, you would think this is a cracking place 0
to put something potentially.
Shukman: So if not wind turbines then what about something more traditional? The
stuff that fueled the Industrial Revolution. Coal lies in a great mountain down
the road at Drax in South Yorkshire. This is Britain's largest power station
and because coal is polluting, it is another target for protest. Coal is a dirty
word for environmental campaigners0. Phil Garner represents the British
coal industry. It’s a great day for wind, isn’t it?
Garner: It is.
Shukman: Because there is a nice breeze, the turbines are spinning, mostly. Why do you
think wind isn't the answer and that coal belching0 away behind us actually
is?
Garner: Wind’s not the answer in itself. It’s got a part to play, but it’s a minor
contributor when in comparison with a station like Drax. This wind farm
over its last 12 months generated less than 1 percent of what Drax is capable
of doing.
Shukman: And you think that’s a reason for not only keeping our coal stations, but
actually building more of them?
Garner: Building more super-efficient ones with the ability to reduce their carbon
emissions0 in comparison with Drax, by having more efficient boilers and
more efficient turbines, gives you the opportunity then to retrofit carbon
capture storage0 later.
Shukman: That's down the track. You accept that coal right now is the most polluting
form of energy, isn't it?

0
merit: verb to deserve
0
plaster: verb to display widely and conspicuously
0
cracking place: noun phrase, British slang an excellent spot
0
campaigner: noun a person who takes part in a political or social change movement
0
belch: verb to produce a loud noise
0
carbon emission: noun phrase a release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
0
retrofit carbon capture storage: phrase to put in new equipment to store carbon
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Q3e Listening & Speaking 5: Video Scripts

Garner: Yes.
Shukman: And you can't argue with that?
Garner: No.
Shukman: Do you also then accept that carbon emissions do have a role in climate
change or could do?
Garner: And I think the answer to that is I don't know. I am not totally convinced.
Shukman: You don't accept the science on that?
Garner: I’m not sure that the science is entirely proven, but equally, I’m not sure that
we can afford to ignore it.
Shukman: As it goes now, that power station is chucking out0 a lot of carbon dioxide.
Garner: It is chucking out a lot of carbon dioxide at the moment, but equally, it is also
producing a lot of affordable electricity.
Shukman: So, if we don't want coal because it is too polluting or wind because we think
the turbines are an eyesore0, how about nuclear? To explore the nuclear
option, I've come to Hardwell in Oxfordshire, the birthplace of British nuclear
power. This is the old reactor0 hall. It is amazing, isn't it?
Shukman: I am with Mark Lynas. He’s an environmentalist who now sees nuclear
energy as essential.
Lynas: Civil nuclear power is the bright new thing that was meant to generate all our
energy. I think this was commissioned in 1956.
Shukman: It’s freezing in here isn’t it?
Lynas: Absolutely, bone-chillingly cold.
Shukman: And now we’re right on top of the reactor . . .
Lynas: . . . or what was a reactor.
Shukman: What was it exactly, that, is it . . . what . . . flipped you into being a green, pro-
nuclear convert? I mean, you’ve been talking about how you have been
reading into the science of climate change, for example.
Lynas: Because if you want to deal with climate change and you want to keep global
temperatures from rising to catastrophic levels, we have to generate very
large amounts of zero-carbon power.
Shukman: What about wind? What about solar?

0
chuck out: verb phrase, informal to release
0
eyesore: noun an object that is unpleasant to look at
0
reactor: noun a structure used to produce nuclear energy
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Q3e Listening & Speaking 5: Video Scripts

Lynas: Well, wind and solar are going to be a major part of the solution, and I would
like to see them upscaled by 10, 100, 1,000 times, but even if you do that, if
you take nuclear out of the mix, you can't run the world.
Shukman: Would you be happy to have a nuclear power station on your own doorstep?
Because one of the key problems with energy at the moment is that nobody
seems to want any particular type right where they are living.
Lynas: No, the only acceptable form of energy for people is magic! People are
NIMBY, NIMBYistic, if that’s a word, about everything these days, aren’t they?
It could be high-speed rail, it could be wind turbines; people are against
everything. If I had to have a power-generating source near me, I would
rather it was nuclear rather than coal or gas, let’s put it that way.
Shukman: This is one of the government's great hopes, homegrown gas, produced by
fracturing0 shale rock deep underground. But this has faced objections too. I
was in Downing Street as an anti-fracking petition was delivered to the
prime minister. A dairy farmer, Andrew Pemberton, is worried that drilling
could pollute the milk from his herd. Kathryn McWhirter led a protest in
Sussex. But, they don’t agree on the alternatives.
Woman: We in Balcombe have said that we would welcome wind turbines, you know.
Actually, I think they’re quite attractive. I have nothing against wind turbines.
Shukman: You would be happy with wind?
Woman: I am happy with wind. I am happy with solar. I’m not a great fan of wind
farms. I think . . .
Shukman: What about a big nuclear power station?
Man: No one wants nuclear, as such.
Shukman: OK, how about a coal-fired power station? One of those great monster ones
like Drax.
Man: No one wants anything as ugly as that.
Shukman: Back in the Yorkshire Dales, it strikes me that we are going to need some
very big energy projects very soon, and they’ve just got to go somewhere.
Whichever type of power you choose, it is going to make someone angry.

0
fracture: verb to crack a hard material
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