2.

6 Theory and Exercise Book

SECTION - A/ B/ C
sin  cos  sin  sin  cos 
EXPANSION OF DETERMINANTS/ MINORS & 7. Let D = cos  cos  cos  sin   sin  , then
COFACTORS / SOME BASIC PROPERTIES  sin  sin  sin  cos  0
1. The absolute value of the determinant (A)  is independent of 
(B)  is independent of 
1 2 1
3  2 2 2  2 2 1 is (C)  is a constant
32 2 22 2 1 (D) None of these

(A) 16 2 (B) 8 2
b1  c1 c1  a1 a1  b1
(C) 0 (D) None of these 8. The determinant b2  c 2 c 2  a2 a2  b2
b3  c 3 c 3  a 3 a 3  b 3

a2  1 ab ac a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
2. If D = ba b2  1 bc then D equal to (A) a2 b2 c 2 (B) 2 a2 b2 c 2
ca cb c 2  1 a3 b3 c 3 a3 b3 c 3

a1 b1 c1
(A) 1 + a2 + b2 + c2 (B) a2b2c2
(C) 3 a2 b2 c 2 (D) None of these
(C) bc + ca + ab (D) zero a3 b3 c 3

3. If a, b & c are non–zero real numbers then

1 a2 a4 1 1 1
b2c 2 bc b  c 2 4
2 2 9. If 1 b b =k a b c then k is
D = c 2a2 ca c  a equal to 1 c c4
2
a2 b2 c 2
a b ab a  b
(A) abc (B) a2b2c2 (A) (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
(C) bc+ca+ab (D) zero (B) ab + bc + ac
(C) a2b2c2
(D) a2 + b2 + c2
sin(2 ) sin(  ) sin(   )
4. Value of  = sin(   ) sin(2) sin(   ) is SECTION - E
sin(    ) sin(    ) sin(2  )
CRAMMER’S RULE
(A)  = 0 10. If a  b, then the system of equations ax+by+bz=0,
(B)  = sin2 +sin2 + sin2 bx + ay + bz = 0, bx + by + ax = 0 will have a non–
(C)  = 3/2 trivial solution if
(D) None of these (A) a + b = 0 (B) a + 2b = 0
(C) 2a + b = 0 (D) a + 4b = 0
5. The determinant
11. The system of equation –2x + y + z = 1,
2
a (1  x) ab ac x – 2y + z = –2, x + y + z = 4 will have no solution
ab b 2
(1  x) bc if
D= is divisible by
ac bc c 2 (1  x) (A)  = –2 (B)  = –1
(C)  = 3 (D) none of these
(A) 1 + x (B) (1 + x)2
(C) x2 (D) x2 + 1 12. The system of the linear equations x + y – z = 6,
x + 2y – 3z = 14 and 2x + 5y – z = 9 ( R) has a
2a b e f 2d e unique solution if
6. If 1 = 2d e f ,  = 2z 4x 2y , then the (A)  = 8 (B)  8
2
4x 2y 2z e 2a b (C)  = 7 (D)  7
value of 1 – 2 is
13. The value of ‘k’ for which the set of equations
y 3x + ky – 2z = 0, x + ky + 3z = 0, 2x + 3y – 4z = 0
(A) x + +z (B) 2 has a non – trivial solution over the set of rational is
2
(C) 0 (D) 3 (A) 33/2 (B) 31/2
(C) 16 (D) 15
394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota
 Determinants 2.7

SOME BASIC PROPERTIES

1. If a, b, c > 0 & x, y, z  R then the determinant a3  x a 4  x a 5  x
5. Value of the D = a5  x a6  x a7  x is
x x 2 x x 2 a7  x a8  x a 9  x
(a  a ) (a  a ) 1
(by  b y )2 (by  b y )2 1 equal to
(c z  c  z )2 (c z  c  z )2 1 (A) 0
(B) (a3 – 1) (a6 – 1) (a9 – 1)
(A) axbycz (B) a–xb–yc–z
(C) (a3 + 1) (a6 + 1) (a9 + 1)
(C) a2xb2yc2z (D) zero
(D) a15 – 1

2. The determinant CRAMMER’S RULE

cos(  )  sin(  ) cos 2 6. If the system of equations x + 2y + 3z = 4,
sin  cos  sin  is x + y + 2z = 3, x + 4y + z = 3 has an infinite a
 cos  sin  cos 
number of solutions then
(A) 0 (A)  = 2,  = 3 (B)  = 2,  = 4
(B) independent of  (C) 3 = 2  (D) None of these
(C) independent of 
(D) independent of  &  both MIXED PROBLEMS

 1 sin  1 
3. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle ABC, then 7. LetA=   sin  1 sin   where 0  < 2, then
 1  sin  1 
A B C (A) Det (A) = 0 (B) Det A  (0, )
sin sin sin
2 2 2 (C) Det (A)  [2, 4] (D) Det A  [2, )
B A
sin(A  B  C) sin sin is less than or
2 2
(A  B  C) C
cos tan(A  B  C) sin x xy xyz
2 2
8. If x, y, z  R  = 2x 5x  2y 7x  5y  2z
3x 7x  3y 9x  7y  3z
equal to
= –16 then value of x is
3 3 1 (A) –2 (B) –3
(A) (B)
8 8 (C) 2 (D) 3
(C) 2 2 (D) 2
1  sin2 x cos2 x 4 sin 2x
9. Let f(x) = sin x 1  cos2 x 4 sin 2x
2
a  x e xna x 2 sin2 x cos2 x 1  4 sin 2x
4. If f(x) = a
3x
e3xna x 4 , then
a5x e5xna 1 then the maximum value of f(x) is
(A) 4 (B) 6
(A) f(x) – f(– x) = 0 (B) f(x) . f(–x) = 0 (C) 8 (D) 12
(C) f(x) + f(–x) = 0 (D) f(x) = f(–x) = 0

[Link]
2.8 Theory and Exercise Book

SOME BASIC PROPERTIES 4. Let 1(x) = x + a1, 2(x) = x2 + b1x + b2 and

x 2y - z -z 1 1 1
1. If  = y 2x - z -z , then  = 1(x1 ) 1(x 2 ) 1(x3 ) , then
y 2y - z 2x - 2y - z 2 (x1 ) 2 (x 2 ) 2 (x3 )

(A) x–y is a factor of  (A)  is independent of a1

(B) (x–y)2 is a factor of  (B)  is independent of b1 and b2
(C) (x – y)3 is a factor of  (C)  is independent of x1, x2 and x3
(D) None of these
(D)  is independent of z

5. Suppose a1, a2, a3 are in A.P. and b1, b2, b3 are in

2
a a 0
1 2a + b (a + b) 2 then a 1 - b1 a1 - b 2 a1 - b 3
2. Let  =
0 1 2a + 3b H.P. and let  = a 2 - b1 a 2 - b 2 a 2 - b 3 ,
a 3 - b1 a3 - b2 a 3 - b3

(A) a + b is a factor of  then prove that

(B) a + 2b is a factor of  (A)  is independent of a1, a2, a3
(C) 2a + 3b is a factor of  (B) A1 – , a2 – 2, a3 – 3 are in A.P.
(D) a2 is a factor of  (C) b1 + , b2 + 2, b3 +  are in H.P.
(D)  is independent of b1, b2, b3
MIXED PROBLEMS

-x a b 6. If D is a determinant of order three and  is a

3. Let a, b, > 0 and  = b -x a , then
determinant formed by the cofactors of determinant
a b -x
D then
(A) a + b – x is a factor of 
(A)  = D2
(B) x2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 – ab is a factor of 
(C)  = 0 has three real roots if a = b (B) D = 0 implies  = 0
(D) None of these (C) if D = 27, then  is perfect cube
(D) None of these

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Determinants 2.9

1. (a) Prove that the value of the determinant 6. Show that the value of the determinant
tan( A  P ) tan( B  P ) tan( C  P )
2
-7 5 + 3i - 4i tan( A  Q ) tan( B  Q ) tan(C  Q )
3
tan( A  R ) tan( B  R ) tan( C  R )
5 - 3i 8 4 + 5i is real.
2 vanishes for all values of A, B, C, P, Q & R where
+ 4i 4 - 5i 9 A+B+C+P+Q+R=0
3

      4        2 1
(b) On which one of the parameter out of a, p, 4 2
d or x, the value of the determinant 7. Prove that               1
4 2
              1
2
1 a a
=  64(  )(  )(  )(  ) (  ) ( )
cos ( p  d ) x cos px cos ( p  d ) x
sin ( p  d ) x sin px sin ( p  d ) x 8. Solve for x
x2 2x  3 3x  4
does not depend.
(a) 2x  3 3x  4 4x  5 = 0.
3x  5 5x  8 10 x  17
2. Without expanding as far as possible, prove
that x2 2x  3 3x  4
(b) x4 2x  9 3 x  16 = 0.
2
a  2a 2a 1 1 x8 2 x  27 3 x  64
(a) 2a  1 a2 1 = (a  1)3
3 3 1 9. If a + b + c = 0 , solve for
a x c b
x: c b x a = 0.
1 1 1
b a cx
(b) x y z = [(xy) (yz) (zx) (x+y+z)]
x3 y3 z3 10. If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 then show that the value of the
determinant
3. Prove that a 2  ( b 2  c 2 ) cos  b a (1  cos  ) ca (1  cos  )
ab (1  co s  ) b 2  ( c 2  a 2 ) cos  cb (1  co s  )
abc 2a 2a
a c (1  co s  ) b c (1  co s  ) c 2  ( a 2  b 2 ) co s 
2b bca 2b = (a + b + c)3 .
2c 2c cab simplifies to cos2.

11. If a , b , c are all different &

4. Prove that
a a3 a4 1
1  a 2  b2 2ab 2b
b b3 b4 1 = 0, then prove that,
2ab 1  a2  b2 2a = (1 + a² + b²)3.
3
2b 2a 1 a 2
b 2 c c c4  1

abc(ab + bc + ca) = a + b + c.
5. Prove that
a2   ab ac
a bc cb
ac b c  a = (a + b + c) (a² + b² + c²). 12. Show that, ab b2   bc

ab ba c ac bc c2  

is divisible by 2 and find the other factor.

[Link]
2.10 Theory and Exercise Book

13. Prove that : 20. If the system of equations x – ky – z = 0, kx – y – z=0,

x + y – z = 0 has a non -zero solution then the
possible values of k are
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2 (A) –1, 2 (B) 1, 2
2 2 2 (C) 0, 1 (D) –1, 1
( a  1) ( b  1) ( c  1)  4 a b c .
2 2 2 1 1 1
( a  1) ( b  1) ( c  1)
21. Find the real values of r for which the following
system of linear equations has a non-trivial solu-
14. In a  ABC, determine condition under which tions. Also find the non-trivial solutions
2rx – 2y + 3z = 0
cot A2 cot B2 cot C2 x + r y + 2z = 0
2x + r z = 0
tan B2  tan C2 tan C2  tan A2 tan A2  tan B2 = 0
1 1 1 22. If Sr = r + r + r then show that
S0 S1 S2
2 2 2
15. Prove that S1 S2 S3 = (  ) ( ) (  ) .
2         S2 S3 S4
     2(   ) (   )  (    )   (   )
    (   )   (   ) 2 

= 0. 23. If u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2 ,

u = ax2 + 2 bxy + cy2. Prove that
16. Solve for x the equation y2  xy x2
a2 a 1
a b c
s in ( n  1) x s in n x s in ( n  1) x =0 a b c
c o s ( n  1) x co s n x c o s ( n  1) x
ax  by bx  cy 1 u u
 
a x  b y bx  cy y ax  by a x  by
17. Solve the following using Cramer’s rule and
state whether consistent or not.
24. If the equations a(y + z) = x, b(z + x) = y, c(x + y)
x  y z 6  0 x  2y  z  1 = z have nontrivial solutions, then find the value of
(a) 2x  y  z  1  0 (b) 3x  y  z  6
1 1 1
x  y  2z  3  0 x  2y  0 + + .
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c
7 x  7 y  5z  3
(c) 3x  y  5z  7 x y z
2 x  3y  5z  5 25. Given a = ;b= ;c= where x, y,,
yz zx x y
z are not all zero, prove that :
18. For what value of K do the following system of 1 + ab + bc + ca = 0.
equations possess a non trivial (i.e. not all zero)
solution over the set of rationals Q ? 26. If sin q  cos q and x, y, z satisfy the equations
x+Ky+ 3z = 0 , 3x+Ky2z = 0 , x cos p – y sin p + z = cos q + 1
2 x + 3 y  4 z = 0. x sin p + y cos p + z = 1 – sin q
For that value of K , find all the solutions of x cos(p + q) – y sin (p + q) + z = 2
the system. then find the value of x2 + y2 + z2.
.
27. (a) If f(x) =
19. Investigate for what values of ,  the
simultaneous equations x + y + z = 6; 1 x x +1
2x x(x -1) (x + 1)x
x + 2 y + 3 z = 10 & x + 2 y +  z =  have; 3x(x -1) x(x - 1)(x - 2) (x + 1)x(x - 1)
(a) A unique solution.
then f(100) is equal to
(b) An infinite number of solutions.
(A) 0 (B) 1
(c) No solution.
(C) 100 (D) – 100

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Determinants 2.11

(b) Let a, b, c, d be real numbers in G.P. If u, v, Comprehension

w satisfy the system of equations Consider the system of equations
u + 2v + 3w = 6 ; 4u + 5v + 6w = 12 then 2x + y + 6z = 8
show that the roots of the equation x + 2y + z = 5
x + y + 3z = 4
1 1 1 
6u + 9v = 4     The system of equations has :
u v w 29. No solution if :
2 2 2 2
x + [(b – c) + (c – a) + (d – b) ] x + u (A)  = 2,  = 3 (B)   2,  = 3
2 2
+ v + w = 0 and 20x + 10 (a – d) x – 9 = 0 (C)   2,   3 (D)  = 2,   R
are reciprocals of each other.
30. Exactly one solution if :
28. Prove that for all values of  (A)   2,   3 (B)  = 2,  = 3
sinθ cosθ sin2 θ
(C)   2,  = 3 (D)  = 2,   R
sin(θ + 2π/3) cos(θ + 2π/3) sin(2θ + 4π/3) = 0
sin(θ - 2π/3) cos(θ - 2π/3) sin(2θ - 4π/3) 31. Infinitely many solutions if :
(A)   2,   3 (B)  = 2,   3
(C)   2,  = 3 (D)  = 2,   R

[Link]
2.12 Theory and Exercise Book

1. The system equations  x + y + z =  – 1, 7. The number of values of k, for which the system of
x + y + z =  – 1, x + y + z =  – 1 has no equations : [JEE-MAIN 2013]
solution, if  is - [AIEEE 2005] (k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
(A) –2 (B) either –2 or 1 kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
(C) not – 2 (D) 1 has no solution, is :
(A) 2 (B) 3
2. If a2 + b2 + c2 = – 2 and f(x) = (C) infinite (D) 1

1 a2x (1  b 2 ) x (1  c 2 ) x 8. If  0, and f(n) = n + n and

(1  a 2 ) x 1 b2x (1  c 2 ) x then f(x) is a 3 1  f (1) 1  f (2)
2 2
(1  a ) x (1  b ) x 1  c2 x 1  f (1) 1  f (2 ) 1  f (3)
1  f (2) 1  f (3) 1  f (4)
polynomial of degree - [AIEEE 2005]
= K(1– )2 (1 – )2 ( – )2, then K is equal to :
(A) 1 (B) 0
[JEE-MAIN 2014]
(C) 3 (D) 2
1
(A)  (B)  (C) 1 (D) –1
1 1 1
3. If D = 1 1 x 1
for x  0, y  0 then D is- 9. The set of all values of  for which the system of
1 1 1 y linear equations : [JEE-MAIN 2015]
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = x1
[AIEEE 2007] 2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = x2
(A) divisible by neither x nor y – x1 + 2x2 = x3
(B) divisible by both x and y has a non-trivial solution,
(C) divisible by x but not y (A) contains two elements.
(D) divisible by y but not x (B) contains more than two elements
(C) is an empty set.
4. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there (D) is a singleton.
are real numbers x, y, z not all zero such that x = cy
+ bz, y = az + cx, and z = bx+ ay. Then a2+b2+c2 + 10. The system of linear equations
2abc is equal to [AIEEE 2008] x + y – z = 0 [JEE-MAIN 2016]
(A) –1 (B) 0 x – y – z = 0
(C) 1 (D) 2 x + y – z = 0
has a non-trivial solution for:
5. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are (A) exactly one value of 
integers. Then which one of the following is true ? (B) exactly two values of 
(C) exactly three values of 
[AIEEE 2008]
(D) infinitely many values of 
(A) If det A ± 1, then A–1 exists and all its entries
are non-integers 11. If S is the set of distinct values of 'b' for which of
(B) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists and all its entries the following system of linear equations
are integers x+y+z=1 [JEE-MAIN 2017]
(C) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 need not exist x + ay + z = 1
(D) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries
are not necessarily integers ax + by + z = 0
has no solution, then S is :
6. Let a, b, c be such that b(a+c) 0. If (A) an empty set
a a  1 a 1 a 1 b 1 c 1 (B) an infinite set
b b  1 b 1 + a  1 b 1 c  1 =0, (C) as finite set containing two or more elements
n  2
c c 1 c 1 ( 1) a ( 1) b ( 1) n c
n 1 (D) a singleton
then the value of n is : [AIEEE 2009]
(A) any even integer
(B) any odd integer
(C) any integer
(D) zero

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Determinants 2.13

1. (a) Consider three points 2. Which of the following values of  satisfy the
P = (–sin( – ), –cos), Q = (cos( – ), sin ) and R equation
(1 + α) 2 (1 + 2α) 2 (1 + 3α) 2
= (cos( –  + ), sin ( – )), where 0 < ,  ,  < /4
[JEE 2008] (2 + α) 2 (2 + 2α) 2 (2 + 3α) 2
=–648?
(A) P lies on the line segment RQ (3 + α) 2 (3 + 2α) 2 (3 + 3α) 2
(B) Q lies on the line segment PR (A) –4 (B) 9 [JEE Adv. 2015]
(C) R lies on the line segment QP (C) –9 (D) 4
(D) P, Q, R are non collinear 3. The total number of distinct x  R for which

(b) Consider the system of equations x x2 1  x3

x – 2y + 3z = –1 2x 4x2 1  8x2  10 is [JEE Adv.. 2016]
–x + y – 2z = k 3x 9x2 1  27x3
x – 3y + 4z = 1.
Statement-I : The system of equation has no so-
lution for k  3. 4. Let , ,   R. Consider the system of linear
because equations [JEE Adv. 2016]
ax + 2y = 
Statement-II : The determinant 3x – 2y = 
1 3 -1 Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?
-1 -2 k  0, for k  3 (A) If  = – 3, then the system has infinitely many
1 4 1 solutions for all values of  and 
(A) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true; state- (B) If   – 3, then the system has a unique solution
ment-II is correct explanation for statement-I for all values of  and 
(B) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true; state-
(C) If  +  = 0, then the system has infinitely many
ment-II is NOT correct explanation for statement-I
solutions for  = – 3
(C) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is False
(D) If  +   0, then the system has no solutions
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
for  = – 3

[Link]
2.14 Theory and Exercise Book

EXERCISE - I
JEE Main
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B
8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A

EXERCISE - II
JEE Advance
Single correct Option - type Questions
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C
8. C 9. B
Multiple correct Option - type Questions
1. A,B 2. A,B 3. A,B,C 4. A,B
5. A,B,C,D 6. A,B,C

EXERCISE - III
Subjective - type Questions
3 2
1. (b) p 8. (a) x =  1 or x =  2; (b) x = 4 9.x = 0 or x = ±
2
a  b 2  c2 
12. 2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + ) 14. Triangle ABC is isosceles.

16. x = n, n  I

17. (a) x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 3 ; consistent (b) x = 2 , y =  1 , z = 1 ; consistent

(c) inconsistent

33 15
18. K= , x:y: z =  : 1:  3 19. (a)   3 (b)  = 3,  =10 (c)  = 3,   10
2 2
k
20. D 21. r = 2 ; x = k ; y = ; z = – k where k  R – {0} 24. 2 26. 2
7

27. (a) A

Comprehension - based Questions

29. B 30. A 31. D

EXERCISE - IV
Previous Year’s Question
JEE Main

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B
8. C 9. A 10. C

JEE Advanced
1. (a) D ; (b) A 2. B,C 3. 2 4. B,C,D

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota