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Design And Configuration Of Static Network Address Translation Techniques

Method Using Cisco Packet Tracer Tool.

Article · November 2020

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Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Rajamohan Parthasarathy Ayyappan Preethy

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

Design And Configuration Of Static Network

Address Translation Techniques Method Using
Cisco Packet Tracer Tool
Dr. Rajamohan Parthasarathy, Ms. Preethy Ayyappan

Abstract: The explosive growth of internet and increases of business and home networks mainly depends on the Network Address Translation (NAT)
because the insufficient of available IP addresses. IP address is mandatorily required to communicate on the internet from one computer to another
computer. In computer networks the single device of a router is acting as an agent between the local area network and internet as allowable by Network
Address Translation. This technology of Network Address Translation may help in many ways for the Network System Engineers and Networks
Administrators especially to reduce the cost and timing when they are configuring the part of IP addresses. The same relatively simple IP address
configuration problems to be solved by this Network Address Translation techniques. The ability of NAT enable to translate from one group of or set of
addresses to another group of or set addresses. The NAT enables the data traffic from a particular client or host to appear as it comes from another
client or host and process it as transparently. The pool of IP addresses are provided by router and to be used by local area network and only a single IP
addresses required to represent the this all group of clients or hosts. Three categories of NAT available especially in computer networks mainly that
Static Network Address Translation (Static NAT), Dynamic Network Address Translation (Dynamic NAT) and Port Address Translation (PNAT). I would
like to focus more on this paper on Static NAT design and configurations techniques using Cisco Packet Tracer Simulation tools for networking people.

Index Terms: Static NAT, Local IP Address, Global IP Address, Inside Local IP Address, Inside Global IP Address, Outside Local IP Address, Outside
Global IP Address, IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside.
——————————  ——————————
1 INTRODUCTION
The Network Address Translation can able to allow a network 192.168/16 [Link] To [Link]
single device such as either router or firewall to acting as an The IP addressing scheme CIDR (Classless Inter Domain
agent between a private network space and a public network Routing) that assigns the internet addresses blocks to permit
space. The enabled NAT agent can conceivable or possible to completely into number of routing table entries as smaller.
use a single IP address to signify or represent the entire group CIDR as defined in RFC 1520 [3]. The address block as first
networked computers. Networks Address Translations may one is 24 bit block, second one is 20 bit block and third one is
help the Networks Engineer and the Network Administrators to 16 bit block. In notation of pre CIDR, the first block is empty or
manage the portions of the private and public address spaces. nothing but it has a single class A network number, a set of 16
The separation of IP address is mainly done by NAT and contiguous class B networks number in second block, and a
forming the physical device in the independent private network set of 256 contiguous class C networks number in third block.
IP address of the hosts in the public networks. The NAT has The IP addresses from the address space as defined in RFC
defined well specifically in RFC (Request For Comments) 1918 [2] is being used by any organizations or enterprises
3022 [1]. The IP address allocation for private internets is also without paying or Contacting of IANA (Internet Assign Number
defined in RFC 1918 [2]. Principally the address of the IPv4 on Authority) or ISP (Internet Service Provider). An enterprise or
the threshold was being exhausted in the middle of 1990 but multiple enterprises that choose the addresses within the
enterprises and organizations required such address blocks private address space are only unique that to cooperate over
for their private network spaces. The Block of IPv4 address this space in their own private internet to communicate each
are listed in Table 1 and these addresses especially reserved other. Static NAT that maps a single private network address
for private IP address and are not routable on the networks of into a single public network address which is typically the
the backbone infrastructure [2]. network server of the address. Static NAT can able to permit
or allows the hosts outside of the private networks to use a
TABLE 1 public IP address to access the hosts on the private network.
Available Freely Address Block RFC 191 Static NAT security risk as potential. Network Security policy is
CIDR (/) Notation Range of Address
wrongly configured means the device of private network
10/8 [Link] To [Link].255 mapped to the public IP address sure to fully shown to the
172.16/12 [Link] To [Link] public network.

———————————————— 2 RELATED NAT COMMANDS CONCEPTS AND

 Dr Rajamohan Parthasarathy, Faculty of Engineering, Built APPROACHES TECHNIQUES
Environment and Information Technology (FOEBEIT), SEGi University,
Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia. Email: parthasarathy_rajamohan@[Link], 2.1 Network Address Translation (NAT) Concepts:
prajamohan@[Link] & rajamohan311098@[Link] Static NAT is more useful to access the internet when a host
 Ms Preethy Ayyappan, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and inside a private networks as needs. The concept of static NAT
Information Technology (FOEBEIT), SEGi University, Taman Sains is one to one mapping of a private IP address to public IP
Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, address. The operation of a networks address translation on a
Malaysia. Email: preethyayyappan@[Link] &
router to connecting two networks as simultaneously or
ayyappan@[Link]
together. Among the two networks the first one is designated
as inside and these networks with either obsolete addresses
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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

or private addresses that required to be transformed or organizational networks. The IP address may globally unique
converted into legally addresses before the packets to another and be allocated out of the private address space as defined
networks as forwarded and designated as outside. The and framed by RFC 1918 or it may allocated to another office
operation of translation with routing as conjunction that the or organization as officially.
enabling of NAT simply on a customer side when translation is
desired on a router in an internet access. The networks 2.2.6 Inside Global IP Address:
address translation on the router hardware as provided by The legitimate host IP address as assigned and configured on
RFC 1631 on a particular use of a NAT device. The inside and as it appeared or seen and used on outside of the
functionality and the goal of NAT is provided that the globally organizational networks as in the form of ―Translated IP
unique addresses of the private network and the NAT device Address‖. The allocated IP address from a globally unique
as not present. The bi-directional translation supported by address space classically offered by the Internet Service
Cisco IOS NAT especially on both translation of inside source Provider (ISP).
and outside source simultaneously. This section explores on
different concepts of NAT and understanding the usage of NAT 2.2.7 Outside Local IP Address:
mainly in an enterprises networks as appropriate into the The host IP address as assigned and configured on outside
benefit part as explained below [5]. When accessing the and it may show and appeared inside the network and those
internet the translation part of non-unique addresses into addresses space as allocated routable on the inside and
unique addresses. The most common use of NAT today that legitimate address not required as defined by RFC 1918.
all home users access the internet through router device using
NAT on this device to translate between both internal private 2.2.8 Outside Global IP Address:
internet addresses and public internet addresses. When The outside host address as it is seen and used on the outside
enterprises or company would like to transitioning the IP of the organizational network and it is allocated from globally
address planning the NAT concepts is mainly used at the time routable.
of the enterprises is merging with another company
overlapping addresses as potential. When sharing of TCP Finally, The above all IP addresses as summarized as below
loading is needed across several IP hosts. In general so many to understand the concepts as in easy way.
server is highly used and not a single machine but a series of
several machines consume the load balancing. According to Inside Local IP Address – IP address for your host
this scenario that single public address is translated into one Inside Global IP Address – IP address for your public
of several internal addresses in round robin fashion. Outside Local IP Address – IP address of remote host
Outside Global Address – IP address of remote public
2.2 The Address of Both Inside Address and Outside
Address: 2.3 Static NAT Commands Syntax and Approaches:
The two categories of interfaces locations are mainly in NAT When we are planning to configure the part of static NAT the
configuration as inside and Outside. following steps of commands as required to full fill the static
translation of network addresses.
2.2.1 Inside Address: 2.3.1 Static NAT translation Configuration enable with overload
Within the organizational networks indicates the traffic is keyword use of PAT:
coming subject to the translation of set of networks. router(config)#ip nat inside source static local-ip global-
ip [overload]
2.2.2 Outside Address:
All other addresses with an external network or outside the 2.3.2 Configure the interface as the inside NAT interface:
organizational networks that indicates the traffic is coming with router(config-if)#ip nat inside
valid address on the internet location. The different types of
addresses as defined the categories depending on the 2.3.3 Enter interface configuration mode for the outside
location of the address as being included as listed below. interface:
router(config-if)#interface interface-id
2.2.3 Local IP Address:
The IP addresses on either internal or external as it performed 2.3.4 Configure the interface as the outside NAT interface:
or appeared and shown in the appropriate internal IP header. router(config-if)#ip nat outside

2.2.4 Global IP Address: 3 DESIGN AND CONFIGURATIONS OF STATIC

The IP addresses on either internal or external as it performed
or appeared and shown in the appropriate external IP header. NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION METHODOLOGY
Global IP address being permitted the specific network Configure the Static NAT IP services and verify the
devices with a private address to be appeared or seen on the connectivity between the inside and outside addresses. The
public network. The translation of static address are entered configuration tasks as carried out / done by using Cisco
straightly in to the configuration and the translation information Packet tracer Tool such as Design the Static NAT Network
stored in the translation table on all time. topology, Perform Basic Router Configurations, Enable RIP
Routing Protocol configurations, IP Address Configurations on
2.2.5 Inside Local IP Address: PCs, Enable inside and outside NAT Translation and
The host IP address as assigned and configured on inside and Configure Static NAT Translation.[6]-[12].
as it appeared or seen and used within the boundary of
3.1 Design the Static NAT Network Topology
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Fig. 1 Topology of Static NAT Design with Specified IP

Fig. 2 Basic IP Address Configuration on RAJAMOHAN-
Address Parameters
ROUTER-1
TABLE 2
3.2.2 Basic IP Address Configuration on RAJAMOHAN-
IP Address parameters for Static NAT Design
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Gateway ROUTER-2:
Mask
RAJAMOHAN- Serial0/0/0 [Link] [Link] -
ROUTER-1
RAJAMOHAN- FastEthern [Link] [Link] -
ROUTER-1 et0/0
RAJAMOHAN- Serial0/0/0 [Link] [Link] -
ROUTER-2
RAJAMOHAN- FastEthern [Link] [Link] -
ROUTER-2 et0/0
RAJAMOHAN- FastEthern [Link] [Link] [Link]
PC1 et0
RAJAMOHAN- FastEthern [Link] [Link] [Link]
PC2 et0
RAJAMOHAN- FastEthern [Link] [Link] [Link]
PC3 et0
Static NAT IP Address Local to Global
IP Address Local To IP Address Global
[Link] - [Link]
[Link] - [Link]

3.2 Perform Basic Router Configurations:

Basic router configurations for all the routers as below.
Fig. 3 Basic IP Address Configuration on RAJAMOHAN-
3.2.1 Basic IP Address Configuration on RAJAMOHAN- ROUTER-2
ROUTER-1:
3.2.3 IP Route Verification on RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1:

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Fig. 4 IP Route Verification on RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1

3.2.4 IP Route Verification on RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-2:

Fig. 6 Enable RIP Routing Protocol Configuration on
RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-2

3.3.3 Checking the Routing Table of RAJAMOHAN-

ROUTER-1:

Fig. 5 IP Route Verification on RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-2

3.3 Enable RIP Routing Protocol Configurations:

Fig. 7 Checking the Routing Table of RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-
3.3.1 Enable RIP Routing Protocol Configuration on 1
RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1:
3.3.4 Checking the Routing Table of RAJAMOHAN-
ROUTER-:

Fig. 5 Enable RIP Routing Protocol Configuration on

RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1
Fig. 8 Checking the Routing Table of RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-
3.3.2 Enable RIP Routing Protocol Configuration on 1
RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-2:
3.4. IP Address Configuration on All PCs:

3.4.1 IP Address Configuration on PCs - RAJAMOHAN-

PC1:

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Fig. 12 Enable Inside NAT Translation on RAJAMOHAN-

ROUTER-1:

3.5.2 Enable Outside NAT Translation on RAJAMOHAN-

Fig. 9 IP Address Configuration on PCs - RAJAMOHAN-PC1: ROUTER-1:

3.4.2 IP Address Configuration on PCs - RAJAMOHAN-

PC2:

Fig. 13 Enable Outside NAT Translation on RAJAMOHAN-

ROUTER-1

3.5.3 Configure Static NAT Translation on RAJAMOHAN-

ROUTER-1:

Fig. 10 IP Address Configuration on PCs - RAJAMOHAN-PC2 RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1(config)#

IP NAT INSIDE SOURCE STATIC [Link] [Link]
3.4.3 IP Address Configuration on PCs - RAJAMOHAN- RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1(config)#
PC3: IP NAT INSIDE SOURCE STATIC [Link] [Link]

Fig. 14 Configure Static NAT Translation on RAJAMOHAN-

ROUTER-1

Fig. 11 IP Address Configuration on PCs - RAJAMOHAN-PC3 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.5 Enable Inside and Outside NAT Translation on 4.1 Results and Verification on PCs Part:
RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1: (Testing Command by Ping)

3.5.1 Enable Inside NAT Translation on RAJAMOHAN- 4.1.1 Choose RAJAMOHAN-PC1 (IP: [Link]) and Ping to
ROUTER-1: RAJAMOHAN-PC3 (IP: [Link]):

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Fig. 15 Ping Test Result Activity from RAJAMOHAN-PC1 to

RAJAMOHAN-PC3

4.1.2 Choose RAJAMOHAN-PC2 (IP: [Link]) and Ping to Fig. 17 Show IP NAT Translation Test Result Activity on
RAJAMOHAN-PC3 (IP: [Link]): RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1

Fig. 16 Ping Test Result Activity from RAJAMOHAN-PC2 to 5 CONCLUSION

RAJAMOHAN- Network Address Translation is one of main reason that using
PC3 in networking sectors to simplifies the network administration
tasks. NAT provides us in terms of flexibility by the way of
assigning internal network IP addresses meanwhile it allows
us to separate public network spaces from private network
spaces. For example, The FTP server or Web server to
another client or host, we have to change the address
mapping only at the firewall to replicate the new host. Also, in
case if the changes makes to the internal network that we no
need to reconfiguration of the IP address for each host
because the IP address of public for each device in the local of
internal network either belongs to the firewall or it is linked with
external network interface of the firewall. NAT is also cost
effective policy to reduce the expenses of network
infrastructure and time saving. The non-public routable
address blocks defined in RFC 1918 and it can be
reprocessed constantly without a related registration cost. NAT
with hiding policy of a single network device can uses to
provide network access for nodes within a private network
space. NAT is only efficient capable of hiding network devices,
not securing them so that we have to consider the first step to
securing our network such as to install a firewall at the
boundary or border of the network infrastructure.. If display
equations do not fit in the two-column format, they will also be
reformatted. Authors are strongly encouraged to ensure that
equations fit in the given column width.

4.2 Verification Static NAT on RAJAMOHAN-ROUTER-1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

(Testing Command by Show IP NAT Translation)
The authors would like to thank SEGi University Management,
Dr Chia Chee Ming, Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Built
Environment & Information Technology, (FOEBEIT), SEGi
University, Dr Chan Mieow Kee, Deputy Dean of Research &
Post Graduate Programs, Faculty of Engineering, Built

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Environment & Information Technology, (FOEBEIT), SEGi

University, Mr Seow Soon Loong, Deputy Head & Program
Leader for Information Technology Programs and Dr
Mahadevan Supramaniam, Director, Research Innovation &
Management Centre (RIMC), SEGi University.

REFERENCES
[1] R P. Srisuresh, [Link], ―Traditional IP Network
Address Translator (Traditional NAT)‖, RFC 3022:
January 2001. (Obsoletes RFC1631).
[2] Y. Rekhter, B. Moskowitz, [Link], G. J. de Groot,
E. Lear, RFC 1918: ―Address Allocation for Private
Internets‖, RFC 1918: February 1996. (Obsoletes
RFC1627, RFC1597).
[3] Y. Rekhter, C. Topolcic, ―Exchanging Routing Information
Across Provider Boundaries in the CIDR Environment‖,
RFC 1520:
[4] Cisco Press, White Paper, ―Cisco IOS Network Address
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[12] Younchan Jung, Ronnel Agulto, ―Integrated Management
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