AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES-I
Course Code: ASE2451
[Link] – Aerospace Engineering
Module I: Analysis of 2D Problems
Responsible & prepared by
Dr. Saptarshi Mandal
Introduction
Some basics, Previous knowledge
Concept of stresses and strain
Sign Conventions & Notations
Hook’s law & Poisson’s ratio
Stress-Strain curve
Failure behaviour and criteria
Text & References:
S. Timoshanko and J.N., “Theory of Elasticity”
David J. Perry, “Aircraft Structures”
T.H.G. Megson, “Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students”
Stress - Strain
Stress–strain curve typical of a Stress–strain curve for brittle materials
low carbon steel compared to ductile materials
Video
Engineering vs True Stress- strain
The difference between true stress–strain curve and engineering stress–strain curve
Module I: Analysis of 2D Problems
Analysis of 2-D problems in rectangular and polar co-ordinates
employing “Theory of Elasticity: Plane Stress and Plane Strain
Condition”.
What is elasticity?
Assumption of isotropy and homogeneous
The elastic limit is a very low value and is related to the motion
of a few hundred dislocations.
Can you derive the expression for elastic limit?
Types of elastic modulus
Only small deformations are considered
Three moduli of elasticity
.
Types of elastic modulus
The elastic calculations usually require the use of one additional
elastic property, such as the shear modulus G, bulk modulus K,
and Poisson's ratio ν. Any two of these parameters are sufficient to
fully describe elasticity in an isotropic material.
For homogeneous isotropic materials simple relations exist
between elastic constants that allow calculating them all as long as
two are known:
Stresses at a Point in a Body
Plane stress & Plane stress
Most aircraft structural components are fabricated from Plane strain If the strain state at a material
thin metal sheet, so that stresses across the thickness of particle is such that the only non-zero strain
the sheet are usually negligible. Assuming, say, that the z components act in one plane only, the particle
axis is in the direction of the thickness, then the three- is said to be in plane strain.
dimensional case reduces to a two-dimensional case in
which σz, τxz, and τyz are all zero. This condition is known
as plane stress.
Principal stress and principal strain
The principle of superposition in stress strain
Page 30 Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students T.H.G. Megson -2017_Sixth_Edition
Problem 1.4
Problem 1#
Strain gages are used to measure strains of the body and are typically mounted on the
surfaces, since there are no normal/shear tractions on the surface. A state of '' plane stress''
can be assumed.
σZ
σy
σx
Problem 1#
Problem: If the principal strains at a given strain gage indicate 0.004 and 0.001, what is
the principal stress at that location. E=200GPa, ν= 0.33 (steel)
σZ
σy
𝐸
𝜎𝑥𝑥 = 1 − ν 𝜀𝑥𝑥 + ν𝜀𝑦𝑦
1 + ν 1 − 2ν
σx
𝐸
𝜎𝑦𝑦 = 1 − ν 𝜀𝑦𝑦 + ν𝜀𝑥𝑥
1 + ν 1 − 2ν
965 MPa and 516 MPa
σZ
σy
σx