UTI
FE FRAULINE C. CALUNGSOD, RN,MAN
Urinary Tract Infection
UTIs- occur often in girls than boys
ASSESSMENT:
Older children and adult
pain on urination
Frequency
Burning
hematuria
Urinary Tract Infection
ASSESSMENT:
Young children
• Fever
• Cystitis-Infection is
confined to the
bladder—the child may
have
a low-grade fever
Mild abdominal pain
Enuresis (bed-wetting)
Urinary Tract Infection
ASSESSMENT:
Young children
• Pyelonephritis
High fever
Abdominal or flank pain
Vomiting
malaise
ASSESSMENT:
Clean- catch urine specimen–
(+) bacteriuria—bacterial colony count >
100,000/ml.
(-)culture = < 10,000/ml
(+) proteinuria (could happen because of
bacteria= 10,000-100,000/ml—the count is
usually repeated.
ASSESSMENT:
• Presence of RBC (hematuria)- caused by
bacterial irritation of the bladder mucosa—
urine more alkaline- pH>7
Urinary Tract Infection
PREVENTING UTI IN FEMALES
Frequently diaper change- reduce the risk
for infection in infant
Be taught early toilet training- wipe from
front to back—prevent rectal
contamination forward to the urethra
Encourage periodic fluid intake during the
day- -keep urine flow freely
Urinary Tract Infection
PREVENTING UTI IN FEMALES
• Urge to urine q 4 hrs-- prevent urine stasis in
the bladder
• Teach not to bathe w/ bubble bath—
cause urethral irritation
• Have her wear cotton underwear—dec.
perineal irritation
• Intruct to wash vulva daily—to lower the
bacterial count on the perineum
Urinary Tract Infection
PREVENTING UTI IN FEMALES
• When your she begins menstruating—
encourage her to change sanitary pads at
least q 4 hrs—reduce possible bacterial
growth near urethra
Urinary Tract Infection
PREVENTING UTI IN FEMALES
• Call primary health care provider if
symptoms of UTI should occur
• Sexual active—teach to urinate
immediately after intercourse– to remove
any bacteria forced into the urethra by
pressure
Urinary Tract Infection
THERAPEUTIC MGT:
• Oral administration of broad- spectrum
antibiotic—eg. Sulfamethoxazole-
trimethoprim (bactrim) or amoxicillin
• Inc. OFI— “flush” infection out of urinary
tract—esp if sulfa drug is prescribed—
cause urinary crystals
• Cranberry juice—highly effective in
acidifying urine—more resistant to
bacterial growth
Urinary Tract Infection
THERAPEUTIC MGT:
• Acetaminophen- reduce pain
[Link]
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AUTISM SPECTRUM
DISORDER
ASD
ASD- deficits in language,
perceptual, and motor
development, and inability to
fxn well in social settings
ASD
- Lack of responsiveness to ppl around them
- Gross impairement –communication skills
- Bizarre responses to various aspects to
environment
- Developing w/in the 1st 30 months of age
- 50% of children—cognitively challenged
ASD
ASSESSMENT: Common Symptoms
• Failure to develop social relations
• Stereotyped behaviors such as hand
gesture
• Extreme resistance to change in routine
• Abnormal responses to sensory stimuli
• Decreased sensitivity to pain
• Inappropriate or decreased emotional
expressions
ASD
ASSESSMENT: Common Symptoms
• Specific, limited intellectual problem-
solving abilities
• Stereotyped or repetitive use of language
• Impaired ability to initiate or sustain a
conversation
ASD
THERAPEUTIC MGT
• Intensive therapy to improve
communication tech
• Parental support- to learn self-care and
proceed w/ therapy
• No specific meds—but various meds may
help reduce aggression—Selective
serotonin reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
ASD
THERAPEUTIC MGT
• Antipsychotic agents---risperidone—
reduce anxiety
• Melatonin- reduce sleep difficulties
• Day care program-help promote social
awareness