10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Union anad Intersection of
Events
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Union and Intersection of Events
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Union and Intersection Of
Events
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take
time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the
following:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn
After going through this module, you are expected to:

Illustrate events, and union and intersection of events. (M10SP-IIIf-1)

Specifically, you will;

a. Illustrate an event using the Venn diagram;

b. Point out the difference between union and intersection of events;
c. Use the Venn diagram to illustrate union and intersection of events;
d. Determine the elements in the union and intersection of events; and
e. State the probability of an event.

Let Us Try

As we look around us, we see the wonderful things created by God and each
with a definite purpose. Can you easily point out how things around you are alike
or how different they are?
In this lesson you will be dealing with the union and intersection of events,
also you are to learn how to point out the difference between union and
intersection of events, how to use the Venn diagram to illustrate such union or
intersection and also, how to name elements of each event.

Before we go further, let us have a drill of the previous lessons that in a way related
to our topic about Union and Intersection of Events.

Consider the following situations below. Use your previous knowledge on

probability to answer each situation.

A.
1. Roll a die once. What is the chance of getting:
a. 2
b. 5
c. an odd number
d. an even number

2. In a box with 8 marbles where 3 are yellow, 2 are blue and the rest are
red, what is the chance of drawing:
a. a blue marble
b. a red marble
c. a pink marble

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B. From your class, choose 20 classmates of yours and identify who among them is
good at:

1. Writing
2. Painting
3. Public Speaking

The activity above somehow activated your prior knowledge about the topic in
this module. This is a good foundation for you to understand the concepts that will
be discussed and will enable you to form connections with the current topic.

Let Us Study

Activities such as tossing a coin, rolling a die or even randomly choosing a ball
from a basket or a box which could be repeated again and again and that gives you
well-defined results are called experiment. The results of an experiment are called
outcomes; and the set of outcomes in an experiment is a sample space. A subset of
the sample space is called an event.

❖ Probability of Simple Event

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟

𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

❖ The union of events is a new set containing all of the elements in at least one
of the two sets. (symbol:∪)
❖ The union is written as 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 or 𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵.
❖ The intersection of events is a new set containing all of the elements in both
sets. (symbol: ∩)
❖ The intersection is written as 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 or 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵.
❖ Disjoint events are events with no common element.
❖ A Venn diagram is used to give a good representation of events.

Examples:

1. Illustrate the following : A ={ odd numbers from 1 to 10} and

B ={ even numbers from 1 to 10}

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 A B

1 3 2 4

5 6

7 9 8 10

A and B are disjoint events because they don’t have any common element,
their intersection is an empty set or a null set.
Union of A and B A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Intersection of A and B A∩B={ }

2. Illustrate the following: C = {1,2,3,4,5} and D = {2,4,6,8,10}

Solution:

C D

6
1
2
8
3
4
10
5

C and D are joint events/sets because 2 and 4 are elements that belong to
both C and D.

𝐶 ∪ 𝐷 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10}

𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 = {2,4}
Elements that belong to 𝐶 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 = {1, 3, 5}

Elements that belong to 𝐷 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 = {6, 8, 10}

Using the Venn diagram above, show the probability of the following
situations:

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a. P(C) (read as probability of C)
5
𝑃(𝐶) =
8
Since there are 5 elements that belong to C out of the 8 elements in the given.

b. P(D) (read as probability of D)

5
𝑃(𝐷) =
8
Since there are 5 elements that belong to D out of the 8 elements in the given.

c. P(C ∩ D) (read as probability of C intersection D or the probability of getting an

element from the intersection of C and D)

2
𝑃(𝐶 ∩ 𝐷) =
8

1
𝑃(𝐶 ∩ 𝐷) =
4

Since there are 2 elements that belong to the intersection of C and D out of the
8 elements in the given. ¼ on the other hand, is the reduced form of 2/8.

d. P (odd number)
3
𝑃(𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟) =
8
Since there are only 3 odd numbers out of the 8 elements in the given.

Let Us Practice

Tell whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE. Write your answers on the spaces
provided before each number.

______1. If X = {5, 6, 7} and Y = {6, 8, 10, 12}; then X ∪ Y = {5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12}.
______2. If M = {a, b, c} and L = {b, c, d}; then M intersection L = {b, c}.
______3. Union of events is a set of elements that are common to both sets.
______4. Two disjoint sets have at least one element in common.
______5. Two overlapping sets have all the elements common.
______6. If two given sets have no elements common to both the sets, the sets are
said to be disjoint.
______7. If C and D are two disjoint sets then C ∩ D = { }, the null set.
______8. If R and S are two overlapping sets then intersection of two sets R and S
is not an empty set.

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______9. If S = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and T = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; then P (even number) = 5/10
______10. Using the data in no. 9; then P (S ∩ T) = 2/9

II. Do as indicated

Given: If P = {a, b, c, d}, Q = {c, d, e, f} and R = {b, d, f, g};

A. Illustrate the given sets in a Venn Diagram.

B. Give the elements of the following:

1. P ∩ Q

2. P ∪ R

3. Q ∪ R

4. P ∩ Q ∩ R

C. Determine the Probability of the following:

5. P (P ∩ R)

6. P (Q ∪ R)

7. P (P ∩ Q ∩ R)

Let Us Practice More

Using the data that you have gathered in “Let Us Try - B”, do the following:

1. Illustrate using a Venn diagram

2. If your teacher will randomly choose a student from the group you’ve
created (20 students)
2.1 What is the probability that your teacher will be able to choose a student
who can do all three (3) – writing, painting, public speaking?
Answer: ___________________
2.2 What is the probability of choosing a student who does Writing? Painting?
Public speaking? Only.
Answer: ____________________
2.3 The chance of choosing someone who cannot perform any of the three
(writing, painting, public speaking)
Answer: ________________________

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 Let Us Remember

❖ Outcomes are result of an experiment.

❖ The sample space is the set of all outcomes
❖ Event is a subset of the sample space
❖ The union is denoted by A∪B or “A or B”.
❖ The intersection is written as A∩B or “A and B”.
❖ Disjoint events are events with no common element/happening.
❖ Joint sets/events are those with common element/happening.
❖ ∪ symbol for union of events
❖ ∩ symbol for intersection of events
❖ A Venn diagram is used to give a good representation of events.
❖ P(e) = number of ways the event can occur
Number of possible outcome

Let Us Assess

I. Let A, B and C be three events such that:

A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} and C = {1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16}.

A. Illustrate using a Venn diagram

B. Determine the elements of:

1. A ∪ B = _________________________________
2. A ∩ B = ________________________________
3. C ∩ A = ________________________________
4. C ∪ A = ________________________________
5. A ∩ B ∩ C = _____________________________

II. Answer the questions that follow using the diagram below:

In a school gymnasium, students are lining up for an audition to a certain

school program

6
 Dance Drama
5
18
15

3
1

Art
7

6. How many students are in the school gymnasium? ____

7. How many students can dance and do art at the same time? ____

8. How many students can do all three (drama, dance, art)? _____

9. How many students do drama? _____

10. Is there any one inside the school gymnasium who can’t do any of the
three (drama, dance, art)? ______

11. Find 𝑃(𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎) =____________

12. Find 𝑃(𝑎𝑟𝑡) =____________

Let Us Enhance
Apply your knowledge on union and intersection of events sets with the
given situation below.

Do as indicated:
A. Illustrate using a Venn diagram

Situation:

In a certain class, a teacher is scouting for talents, she found out that Maria,
Anna, Gina, Lucy and Tom loves to sing while Teresa, Joan, Jean and Marga can
dance well. Susan, Celine and Wilson can act. Billy and Oliver said they can perform
both dancing and singing. Wilma, Juvy and Rene volunteered to act and dance as
well.

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B. Determine the elements of the following:

1. Sing ∩ Dance = ___________________________________________________

2. Sing ∪ Dance = ___________________________________________________

3. Dance ∪ Act = _____________________________________________________

4. Dance ∩ Act = _____________________________________________________

Questions:

5. How many students can both sing and act? Can sing and dance?
Can dance and act?
6. Is there anybody can perform all three (singing, dancing, acting)?
7. How many can sing only? dance only? act only?
8. Do you think the use of the Venn diagram was able to give a clear illustration of
each grouping? In what way?

Rubrics:

1 – If the students attempt to answer

3 – The students can answer/ explain but there are
errors found in grammar
5 – The student can clearly explain the importance of
Venn Diagram in illustrating event

9. What is the probability of the following:

a. P(act)? _____

b. P(dance)? _____

c. P(sing)? ______

Let Us Reflect

Like, Heart and Sad Reacts

On the Like React, write three things that you have learned about the lesson.
On the Heart React, write two real-life situations where you can apply the union
and intersection of events.
On the Sad React, write one question that you want to ask about the topic.

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______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________

______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________

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 10
Let Us Assess!
I. A.
C
1 7
13 16
A 10
2 4
8
12 B
3 9
6
15
B. II.
1. 2,3,4,6,8,9,10,12,15 6. 57
2. 6, 12 7. 3
3. 4, 10 8. 3 Let Us Practice
4. 1,2,4,6,7,8,10,12,13,16 9. 24 More!
5. empty set 10. 7
24
11. 1 & 2 answers will
57
12 vary
12. .
57
Let Us Practice! Let Us Try!
[Link] II. A. A.
2. True
3. True 1. a. 1/6
4. False
5. False
b. 1/6
6. True c. 3/6 or ½
7. True
8. True d. 3/6 or ½
9. False
10. False 2. a. 2/8 or ¼
b. 3/8
II.B. II. C
1. c,d 2 c. 0
5.
7
2. a,b,c,d,f,g 6
6. B. answers
3. b,c,d,e,f,g 7
1 vary
4. d 7.
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Answer Key
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Let Us Enhance!
SING DANCE
Maria Teresa
Billy Joan
Anna Jean
Gina Oliver
Marga
Lucy
Tom Wilma
Rene
Juvy
Susan Celine
Wilson
ACT
B.
1. Billy and Oliver
2. Maria, Anna, Gina, Lucy, Tom, Billy, Oliver, Teresa, Joan, Jean, Marga
3. Teresa, Joan, Jean, Marga, Wilma, Rene, Juvy, Celine, Susan Wilson,
Billy Oliver
4. Wilma, Rene, Juvy
5. sing and act: none,
Sing and dance: 2
Dance and act: 3
6. none
7. 5
8. Answer may vary
6
9.a.
17
9
b.
17
7
c.
17
 References

Callanta, Melvin, [Link]. K to 12 Mathematics Grade 10 Learning Module; Unit 3,

Module 7,2015 pp. 328 -333

Sets and Venn Diagram. [Link]

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Department of Education – Region XI

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax:

Email Address: [Link]@[Link]