MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING d. As a vertical line.
Quizzer – Cost Concepts & Cost Behavior Analysis
11. W
hen graphed, a typical fixed cost appears as:
a.a horizontal line . a u-shaped line
c
1. T
he relationship between cost and activity is termed: b. a vertical line d. a diagonal line that slopes downward to the right
a. cost estimation b. cost prediction c.cost behavior d. cost analysis
12. C
osts that remain the same over a wide range of activity, but jump to a different amount outside that range, are
2. W
hich of the following costs changes in direct proportion to a change in the activity level? termed:
a.Variable cost b. Fixed cost c. Semi-variablecost d. Step-variable cost a.step-fixed costs b. step-variable costs c. semi-variablecosts d. curvilinear costs
3. M
ontgomery Company has a variable selling cost. If sales volume increases, how will the total variable cost and 13. S
traight-line depreciation is a typical example of a:
the variable cost per unit behave? a. variable cost b. step-variable cost .fixedcost
c d. mixed cost
Total Variable Cost Variable Cost Per Unit
a. Increase Increase 14. Which of the following choices denotes the typical cost behavior of advertising and sales commissions?
b. Increase Remain constant Advertising Sales Commissions
c. Increase Decrease a. Variable Variable
d. Remain constant Decrease b. Variable Fixed
c. Fixed Variable
4. What type of cost exhibits the behavior that follows? d. Fixed Fixed
Production
Volume (Units) Cost Per Unit 15. D
ouglas Corporation recently produced and sold 100,000 units. Fixed costs at this level of activity amounted to
50,000 P1.95 P50,000; variable costs were P100,000.
70,000 1.95
ow much cost would the company anticipate if during the next period it produced and sold 102,000 units?
H
a.Variable cost b. Fixed cost c. Semi-variablecost d. Discretionary fixed cost a. P150,000 b. P151,000 .P152,000
c . P153,000
d
5. P
laza Corporation observed that when 25,000 units were sold, a particular cost amounted to P70,000, or P2.80 per 16. E
xtron, Inc., has only variable costs and fixed costs. A review of the company's records disclosed that when
unit. When volume increased by 15%, the cost totaled P80,500 (i.e., P2.80 per unit). The cost that Plaza is studying 100,000 units were produced, fixed manufacturing costs amounted to P200,000 and the cost per unit
can best be described as a: manufactured totaled P5. On the basis of this information, how much cost would the firm anticipate at an activity
a.variable cost b. fixed cost c. semi-variablecost d. discretionary fixed cost level of 97,000 units?
a. P485,000 b.P491,000 c. P494,000 d. P500,000
6. A
company observed a decrease in the cost per unit. All other things being equal, which of the following is
probably true? 17. A
review of Parry Corporation's accounting records found that at a volume of 90,000 units, the variable and fixed
a. The company is studying a variable cost, and total volume has increased. cost per unit amounted to P8 and P4, respectively. On the basis of this information, what amount of total cost
b. The company is studying a variable cost, and total volume has decreased. would Parry anticipate at a volume of 85,000 units?
c.The company is studying a fixed cost, and totalvolume has increased. a. P1,020,000 b.P1,040,000 c. P1,060,000 d.P1,080,000
d. The company is studying a fixed cost, and total volume has decreased.
18. E
ach of Davidson's production managers (annual salary cost, P45,000) can oversee 60,000 machine hours of
7. W
ebster has the following budgeted costs at its anticipated production level (expressed in hours): variable manufacturing activity. Thus, if the company has 50,000 hours of manufacturing activity, one manager is needed;
overhead, P150,000; fixed overhead, P240,000. If Webster now revises its anticipated production slightly for 75,000 hours, two managers are needed; for 125,000 hours, three managers are needed; and so forth.
downward, it would expect: Davidson's salary cost can best be described as a:
a. total fixed overhead of P240,000 and a lower hourly rate for variable overhead. a. variable cost b. semi-variable cost c. step-variable cost d.step-fixed cost
b.total fixed overhead of P240,000 and the samehourly rate for variable overhead.
c. total fixed overhead of P240,000 and a higher hourly rate for variable overhead. 19. A
cost that has both fixed and variable component is termed a:
d. total variable overhead of less than P150,000 and a lower hourly rate for variable overhead. a. step-fixed cost b. step-variable cost c.semi-variablecost d. curvilinear cost
8. What type of cost exhibits the behavior that follows? 20. A
mixed cost is often known as a:
Manufacturing otal
T Cost a.semi-variable cost b. step-fixed cost c. variablecost d. curvilinear cost
Volume (Units) Cost Per Unit
50,000 P 150,000 P 3.00 21. R
ichard Hamilton has a fast-food franchise and must pay a franchise fee of P350,000 plus 3% of gross sales. In
80,000 150,000 1.88 terms of cost behavior, the fee is a:
a. variable cost b. fixed cost c. step-fixed cost d.semi-variable cost
a. Variable cost b.Fixed cost c. Semi-variablecost d. Step-variable cost
22. Which of the following are examples of a mixed cost?
9. W
hen graphed, a typical variable cost appears as:
a. a horizontal line I. building that is used for both manufacturing and sales activities.
A
b. a vertical line II. An employee's compensation, which consists of a flat salary plus a commission.
c. a u-shaped line III. Depreciation that relates to five different machines.
d. a diagonal line that slopes downward to the right IV. Maintenance cost that must be split between sales and administrative offices.
e.a diagonal line that slopes upward to the right
a. I only b.II only c. I and III d. I, III,and IV
10. N
orman Company pays a sales commission of 5% on each unit sold. If a graph is prepared, with the vertical axis
representingper-unit costand the horizontal axisrepresenting units sold, how would a line that depicts sales 23. T
he relevant range is that range of activity:
commissions be drawn? a. where a company achieves its maximum efficiency.
a. As a straight diagonal line, sloping upward to the right. b. where units produced equal units sold.
b. As a straight diagonal line, sloping downward to the right. c.where management expects the firm to operate.
c.As a horizontal line. d. where the firm will earn a profit.
36. S
wanson's variable cost per copy is:
24. W
ithin the relevant range of activity, costs: a.P0.040 . P0.051
b c. P0.053 d. P0.056
a.can be estimated with reasonable accuracy .exhibit decreasing marginal cost patterns
c
b. can be expected to change radically d. exhibit increasing marginal cost patterns 37. S
wanson's monthly fixed fee is:
a.P80 b. P102 c. P106 d. P112
25. W
ithin the relevant range, a curvilinear cost function can sometimes be graphed as a:
a.straight line b. vertical line c. curved line d. horizontal line Use the following to answer questions 38 to 40:
26. As a firm begins to operate outside the relevant range, the accuracy of cost estimates for fixed and variable costs: tlanta, Inc., which uses the high-low method to analyze cost behavior, has determined that machine hours best
A
Fixed ariable
V explain the company's utilities cost. The company's relevant range of activity varies from a low of 600 machine
a. increases increases hours to a high of 1,100 machine hours, with the following data being available for the first six months of the
b. increases decreases year:
c. decreases increases
d. decreases decreases Month Utilities Machine Hours
January P 8,700 800
27. P
roperty taxes are an example of a(n): February 8,360 720
a.committed fixed cost . discretionary fixedcost
c March 8,950 810
b. committed variable cost d. discretionary variable cost April 9,360 920
May 9,625 950
28. W
hich of the following isnotan example of a committedfixed cost?
June 9,150 900
a. Property taxes c. Salaries of management personnel
8. The variable utilities cost per machine hour is:
3
b. Depreciation on buildings d.Outlays for advertisingprograms
a. P0.18 b. P4.50 c. P5.00 d.P5.50
29. C
ommitted fixed costs would include:
39. T
he fixed utilities cost per month is:
a. advertising .depreciation on buildingsand equipment
c
a. P3,764 b.P4,400 c. P4,760 d. P5,100
b. research and development d. contributions to charitable organizations
40. U
sing the high-low method, the utilities cost associated with 980 machine hours would be:
30. A
mounts spent for charitable contributions are an example of a(n):
a. P9,510 b. P9,660 c. P9,700 .P9,790
d
a. committed fixed cost c.discretionary fixedcost
b. committed variable cost d. discretionary variable cost
41. H
itchcock, Inc., uses the high-low method to analyze cost behavior. The company observed that at 12,000
machine hours of activity, total maintenance costs averaged P7.00 per hour. When activity jumped to 15,000
31. W
hich type of fixed cost (1) tends to be more long-term in nature and (2) can be cut back more easily in bad
machine hours, which was still within the relevant range, the average cost per machine hour totaled P6.40. On the
economic times without doing serious harm to organizational goals and objectives?
basis of this information, the variable cost per machine hour was:
Long Term in Can be Cut Back More Easily In
a.P4.00 b. P6.40 c. P6.70 d. P7.00
Nature Bad Economic Times
a. Committed Committed
42. N
orthridge, Inc., uses the high-low method to analyze cost behavior. The company observed that at 20,000
b. Committed Discretionary
machine hours of activity, total maintenance costs averaged P10.50 per hour. When activity jumped to 24,000
c. Discretionary Committed
machine hours, which was still within the relevant range, the average cost per machine hour totaled P9.75. On the
d. Discretionary Discretionary
basis of this information, the company's fixed maintenance costs were:
a. P24,000 b.P90,000 c. P210,00 d. P234,000
32. H
igh-tech automation combined with a downsizing of a company's hourly labor force often results in:
a. increased fixed costs and increased variable costs.
43. The following data relate to the Hodges Company for May and August of the current year:
b.increased fixed costs and reduced variable costs.
c. reduced fixed costs and increased variable costs. May ugust
A
d. reduced fixed costs and reduced variable costs. Maintenance hours 10,000 12,000
Maintenance cost P260,000 300,000
P
33. W
hich of the following techniques isnotused to analyzecost behavior?
a. Least-squares regression . Multiple regression
c ay and August were the lowest and highest activity levels, and Hodges uses the high-low method to analyze cost
M
b. High-low method d.Linear programming behavior. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The variable maintenance cost is P25 per hour.
34. T
he high-low method and least-squares method are used by accountants to: b. The variable maintenance cost is P25.50 per hour.
a. evaluate divisional managers for purposes of raises and promotions c. The variable maintenance cost is P26 per hour.
b. choose among alternative courses of action d.The fixed maintenance cost is P60,000 per month.
c. maximize output
d.estimate costs
Use the following to answer questions 44 to 46:
35. W
hich of the following methods of cost estimation relies on only two data points?
a. Least-squares regression c. Account analysis ang Manufacturing, which uses the high-low method, makes a product called Yin. The company incurs three
Y
b.The high-low method d. Multiple regression different cost types (A, B, and C) and has a relevant range of operation between 2,500 units and 10,000 units per
month. Per-unit costs at two different activity levels for each cost type are presented below.
Use the following to answer questions 36 and 37: Type A Type B Type C Total
,000 units
5 P4 P9 P4 P17
wanson and Associates presently leases a copy machine under an agreement that calls for a fixed fee each month
S 7,500 units P4 P6 P3 P13
and a charge for each copy made. Swanson made 7,000 copies and paid a total of P360 in March; in May, the firm
paid P280 for 5,000 copies. The company uses the high-low method to analyze costs.
44. The cost types shown above are identified by behavior as:
Type A Type B Type C
a. Fixed ariable
V emivariable
S
b. Fixed Semivariable ariable
V
c. Variable Semivariable ixed
F
d. Variable ixed
F Semivariable
45. If Yang produces 10,000 units, the total cost would be:
a. P90,000 . P100,000
b c.P110,000 d. P125,000
46. T
he cost formula that expresses the behavior of Yang's total cost is:
a. Y = P20,000 + P13X b. Y = P40,000 + P9X c. Y = P45,000 + P4X d.Y = P60,000 + P5X
47. In regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is known as the:
a. independent variable . explanatory variable
c
b.dependent variable d. interdependent variable
48. M
ohawk Products has determined that the number of machine hours worked (MH) drives the amount of
manufacturing overhead incurred (MOH). On the basis of this relationship, a staff analyst has constructed the
following regression equation:
MOH = 240,000 + 8MH
Which of the choices correctly depicts the nature of Mohawk's variables?
Dependent Independent
a. MOH MOH
b. MOH MH
c. MH MOH
d. MH MH
49. C
heckers Corporation, which uses least-squares regression analysis, has derived the following regression equation
for estimates of manufacturing overhead: Y = 495,000 + 5.65X. Which of the following statements is true if the
primary cost driver is machine hours?
a. Total manufacturing overhead is represented by the variable "X."
b. The company anticipates P495,000 of fixed manufacturing overhead.
c. "X" represents the number of machine hours.
d.Both "B" and "C" are true.
50. B
oulder, Inc., recently conducted a least-squares regression analysis to predict selling expenses. The company has
constructed the following regression equation: Y = 329,000 + 7.80X. Which of the following statements isfalseif
the primary cost driver is number of units sold?
a. The company anticipates P329,000 of fixed selling expenses.
b. "Y" represents total selling expenses.
c. The company expects both variable and fixed selling expenses.
d."X" represents the number of hours worked duringthe period.
51. T
empe, Inc., is studying marketing cost and sales volume, and has generated the following information by use of a
scatter diagram and a least-squares regression analysis:
Scatter Diagram Regression Analysis
Variable cost per unit sold P6.50 P6.80
Total monthly fixed cost P45,000 P42,500
empe is now preparing an estimate for monthly sales of 18,000 units. On the basis of the data presented,
T
compute the most accurate sales forecast possible.
a. P159,500 b. P162,000 c.P164,900 d. P167,400
52. W
aller Enterprises has determined that three variables play a key role in determining company revenues. To arrive
at an objective forecast of revenues for the next accounting period, Waller should use:
a. simple regression b.multiple regression c. ascatter diagram d. high-low method