The University of Johannesburg
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Technology
Baccalaureus Technologiae: Engineering: Mechanical
The Refrigeration Bench Experiment
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning [RAC411]
Lecturer: Mr. Gqibani
Venue : G313, John Orr Building, DFC
Compiled by: SELLO MT
Student no: 201585409
Date Submitted: 20 September 2019
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DECLARATION
I Sello Malekgene Tshepho hereby declare that this laboratory report is wholly my
own work and has not been submitted anywhere else for academic credit.
I understand what plagiarism implies and declare that this report embodies my own
ideas, words, phrases, arguments, graphics, figures, results and organization except
where reference is explicitly made to another work.
I understand further that any unethical academic behaviour, which includes
plagiarism, is seen in a serious light by the University of Johannesburg and is
punishable by disciplinary action as stipulated by the university rules and
regulations.
Finally, I understand that fulfilment of this laboratory task complies with the
objective of the ECSA and it must therefore be passed. I declare that this is not the
product of a group work but is my own individual work.
SELLO M.T
20/09/2019
Signed Date
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to every lab technician for being part of
my experiment. I would also like to acknowledge the help from my lecture: Mr.
Gqibani.
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Table of Contents
DECLARATION.......................................................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................3
1. Aim......................................................................................................................5
2. Assumptions........................................................................................................5
3. Apparatus and Materials.....................................................................................5
4. Procedure.............................................................................................................6
5. Results.................................................................................................................6
6. Analysis of Results..............................................................................................7
7. Discussion...........................................................................................................8
8. Conclusion...........................................................................................................8
9. References and Bibliography..............................................................................9
10. Appendices.....................................................................................................10
List of figures
Figure 1: Schematic diagram with assumptions........................................................5
Figure 2: Refrigeration Bench...................................................................................5
Figure 3:Schematic diagram......................................................................................6
Figure 4: Schematic diagram...................................................................................10
Figure 5: Refrigeration bench..................................................................................10
Figure 6: Pressure vs Volume..................................................................................11
List of tables
Table 1: Results.........................................................................................................6
Table 2: Calculated results........................................................................................8
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1. Aim
To determine the COP, Carnot Efficiency and the total work done on Refrigeration Bench
Experiment
2. Assumptions
Figure 1: Schematic diagram with assumptions
3. Apparatus and Materials
Figure 2: Refrigeration Bench
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The Refrigeration Bench that consists of the following: A compressor, condenser, evaporator,
and expansion device, complete with a dry and wet bulb thermometer, pressure gauges and flow
gauges and a fan.
4. Procedure
1. Plug the machine into the main switch and switch it on.
2. Press T1 switch to switch on the machine and make sure you can see the red light.
3. Set the Condenser fan switch to high and the Evaporator one fan to low.
4. Keep Evaporator two fan switch off
5. Adjust thermostat to the settings you want to perform the experiment at, and wait for
2mins for adjustment to happen.
6. Measure the T1, Pe, and Pc and record them in the table provided below.
5. Results
Table 1: Results
No Description Symbol Observatio Units
n
1 Evaporator Pressure Pe 320 kPa
2 Condenser Pressure Pc 680 kPa
3 Evaporator Outlet Temperature T -10 °C
Schematic Diagram:
Figure 3:Schematic diagram
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6. Analysis of Results
h1 =hg at -10°C =401.2KJ/Kg
S1= S2= S g= at -10°C =1.766KJ/Kg
At P=680KPa Sg <1.766KJ/Kg therefore state two is superheated
P(kPa) S(kJ/kg.K) h(kJ/kg) T(°C)
675 1.737 408.5 9.71
680 1.766 h2 T2
700 1.736 408.9 10.92
680−675 h 2−408.5 680−675 T 2−9.71
=
700−675 408.9−408.5
=
700−675 10.92−9.71
h 2=408.58 kJ /kg T2 = 9.95°C
P(kPa) Hf(kJ/kg) T(°C)
660.7 210.7 9
680 h3 T3
680.9 211.9 10
680−660.7 h3−210.7
=
680.9−660.7 211.9−210.7
h 3=211.56 kJ /kg
680−660.7 T 3−210.7
=
680.9−660.7 211.9−210.7
T 3 = 9.96°C
W = h2 - h1 = 408.58 – 401.2 = 7.38 kJ
Q= h1 – h4 = 401.2 – 211.56 = 189.64
Refrigeration Effect 189.64
COP = Workdone on the refregerant = 7.38 = 25.7
T2 ∑W 7.38
ηcarnot = 1 - T 1 = Q
= 189.64 = 3.89%
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COP actual = 25.7 × 3.89 = 1.0001
211.56−210.7 T 4−9
=
211.9−210.7 10−9
= T4 = 9.72°C
Table 2: Calculated results
No. Description Symbol Units
1 Enthalpy at evaporator inlet h4 211.56 (kJ/kg)
2 Enthalpy at evaporator outlet h1 401.2 (kJ/kg)
3 Enthalpy at condenser inlet h2 408.58 (kJ/kg)
4 Enthalpy at condenser outlet h3 211.56 (kJ/kg)
5 Condenser inlet Temperature T2 9.95 (°C)
Assume Isentropic compression and calculate this value.
6 Condenser Outlet Temperature T3 9.96 (°C)
Assume saturated liquid and read this value from R22 Table
7 Carnot efficiency n 3.89 %
8 Actual COP COP 1.0001
7. Discussion
.When the air conditioning system is turned on the saturated vapour refrigerant will be pumped
by the compressor to a high pressure into the condenser and it becomes superheated vapour. The
high pressure superheated vapour refrigerant is condensed to a saturated liquid form in the
condenser due to the high pressure it has. The saturated liquid flows via an expansion valve
which is used to decrease the pressure the liquid refrigerant has. The liquid refrigerant undergoes
expansion and becomes refrigerant vapour in the evaporator. The cold low-pressure refrigerant is
passed into the evaporator and it vaporises. Air is pushed by the blower fan over the outside of
the evaporator hence cooled conditioned air is circulated into the directed space. The low-
pressure refrigerant vapour is drawn by the compressor to start another refrigeration cycle. The
refrigeration cycle then runs continuously, and is controlled by the setting of the expansion
valve.
8. Conclusion
The aim of the experiment is to determine the COP, Carnot Efficiency and the total work done,
the aim of the experiment has been successfully achieved. Compressor pressure increase
with increase in refrigeration temperature. At state 2 the R22 has high pressure and
is superheated. The Enthalpy at condenser inlet is superheated and it the highest.
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Enthalpy at evaporator outlet is dry saturated and the Enthalpy at condenser inlet is
equal to that at inlet to the evaporator because of entropy is equal during throttling.
9. References and Bibliography
I. Eastop,T.D & McConkey, A.(1993) “Applied thermodynamics for engineering
technologist” 5th Edition
II. [Online].Available: [Link]
for-refrigeration-and-airconditioning-part-1 [Accessed, 18 SEPTEMBER 2019]
III. [Online].Available: [Link]
biw=1366&bih=662&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=bench+refrigiration+Carnot+effic
iency&oq=bench+refrigiration [Accessed, 18 SEPTEMBER 2019]
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10. Appendices
Figure 4: Schematic diagram
Figure 5: Refrigeration bench
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Figure 6: Pressure vs Volume
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