AN INTERNSHIP REPORT

FLIGHT PRICE PREDICTION

Submitted by

KARTHIKA S 113220031051
VINUNITHI GN 113220031167
GOWTHAM R 113219031039

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI-66.

(An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
2022-2023
 VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CHENNAI-66

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this internship report “FLIGHT PRICE PREDICTION” is the

bonafide work of KARTHIKA S(113220031051),VINUNITHI GN
(113220031167), GOWTHAM R(113219031039) carried out at “DLK CARRER
DEVELOPMENT” during 26-12-2022 to 13-01-2023.

Dr. B. MURUGESHWARI [Link] SANGEETHA

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR - I
Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
Velammal Engineering College Velammal Engineering College
Ambattur - Red Hills Road Ambattur - Red Hills Road,
Chennai – 600 066. Chennai – 600 066.
CERTIFICATE FROM INDUSTRY:

1
2
3
 CERTIFICATE OF EVALUATION

COLLEGE NAME: VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BRANCH: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SEMESTER: VI

Name of Faculty
Name of the student who
[Link] Title of the Internship Coordinator with
has done the Internship
Designation

1 KARTHIKA S
FLIGHT PRICE
2 VINUNITHI GN PREDICTION Dr. A. LAKSHMI
3 GOWTHAM R SANGEETHA

This report of internship work submitted by the above student in partial

fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Computer Science and Engineering
Degree in Anna University was evaluated and confirmed to be reports of the
work done by the above student and then assessed.

Submitted for Internal Evaluation held on........................

Examiner1 Examiner2 Examiner3

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to acknowledge with thanks to the significant contribution given by the management of our
college Chairman, Dr. M. V. Muthuramalingam, and our Chief Executive Officer Thiru.
M.V.M. Velmurugan, for their extensive support.

I would like to thank Dr. S. SATHISHKUMAR, Principal of Velammal Engineering College, for
giving me this opportunity to do this project.

I wish to express my gratitude to our effective Head of the Department, Dr. B. Murugeshwari,
for her moral support and for her valuable innovative suggestions, constructive interaction, constant
encouragement and unending help that have enabled me to complete the project.

I wish to express my indebted humble thanks to the Company DLK CARRER

DEVELOPMENT and the External Guide Mr. Velmurugan for their invaluable guidance in shaping
this project.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my Internal Guide, Dr. A. LAKSHMI

SANGEETHA., Assistant Professor I, Department of Computer Science and Engineering her
guidance, without whom this project would not have been possible.

I am grateful to the entire staff members of the department of Computer Science and Engineering
for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the project. I would especially like to thank my
parents for providing me with the unique opportunity to work, and for their encouragement and
support at all levels. Finally, my heartfelt thanks to The Almighty for guiding me throughout life.

5
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE

ABSTRACT IV

LIST OF FIGURES V

1 INTRODUCTION AND COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 COMPANY PROFILE 1

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 2
2.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2
2.3 SCOPE 2

3
FUNCTIONAL AND NON-FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS

3.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACE 3

REQUIREMENT

3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 3

3.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 4
3.3 RELIABILITY 4
3.4 AVAILABILITY 4
3.5 PERFORMANCE 5
6
 3.6 TECHNOLOGIES 5
4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 6

4.2 USECASE DIGRAM 6

5 CONCLUSION 7

APPENDICES

A CODE
[Link] 8

[Link] 13

B OUTPUT 26

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28

7 LITETRATURE SURVEY 29

REFERENCES 30

7
 ABSTRACT

Travelling through flights has become an integral part of today’s lifestyle as more and more people are
opting for faster travelling options. The flight ticket prices increase or decrease every now and then
depending on various factors like timing of the flights, destination, duration of flights. various occasions
such as vacations or festive season. Therefore, having some basic idea of the flight fares before planning the
trip will surely help many people save money and time.. In this proposed system a predictive model will be
created by applying machine learning algorithms to the collected historical data of flights. This system will
give people the idea about the trends that prices follow and also provide a predicted price value which they
can refer to before booking their flight tickets to save money .This kind of system or service can be
provided to the customers by flight booking companies which will help the customers to book their tickets
accordingly.
.

8
 LIST OF FIGURES

DIAGRAM PAGE
4.1 Block diagram 6

4.2 Use Diagram 6

9
 CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION AND COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Many people nowadays choose to travel by flights. The cost of an airline ticket has a significant impact
on a traveller's decision on which mode of transportation to use. A wide number of factors influence the
price of an airline ticket, including social, competitive, marketing, and financial factors, among others.
Every airline has a different technique for determining ticket prices. We can uncover the rules that
airlines may use to model their fare variation using Machine Learning. this project to propose
developing a web-based application for projecting the price of a flight ticket where the dataset contains
various data related to 10,000 flights. The framework proposed will be used to simulate several
regression algorithms for estimating projected flight fares..

1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

For all engineering, arts, and science students, DLK Career Development Centre is the best training institute
in [Link] carrer development centre provide the best training on a global distribution platform in
Chennai's integrated market, technology, and process solutions. DLK Career Development offers hands-on
Web Designing training to companies such as Dragon Fly Data Factory, Versatile Software
Solutions, Innovate IT etc to gain competitive advantage in the field .DLK carrer Development will also
offer summer internships for engineering students with hands-on experience and qualifications in their
related domains.

1
 CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project Overview:

The tourism industry is changing fast and this is attracting a lot more travelers each year. The airline
industry is considered as one of the most sophisticated industries in using complex pricing
strategies. Now-a-days flight prices are quite unpredictable. The ticket prices change frequently.
C us tom ers are seeking to get t he l owest pri ce for their ti cket , whil e ai rli ne companies
are trying to keep their overall revenue as high as possible. Using technology it is actually possible
to reduce the uncertainty of flight prices. So here we will be predicting the flight prices using
efficient machine learning techniques

2.2 Aims and Objective:-

This project aims to develop an application which will predict the flight prices for various flights using
machine learning model. The user will get the predicted values and with its reference the user can decide to
book their tickets accordingly.

2.3 Scope:

Currently, there are many fields where prediction-based services are used such as stock price predictor tools
used by stock brokers and service like Zestimate which gives the estimated value of house prices.
Therefore, there is requirement for service like this in the aviation industry which can help the customers in
booking tickets. There are many researches works that have been done on this using various techniques and
more research is needed to improve the accuracy of the prediction by using different algorithms. More
accurate data with better features can be also be used to get more accurate results.

2
 CHAPTER 3- FUNCTIONAL AND NON-FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS

Required website is to provide flight details to the passengers. The system should satisfy the
following requirements:
General Aspects:
• Register flight for users.
• Show flight prediction Statistics
• Websites should be able to register new users.
• Analysis:
• Authenticate user based on departure date and the destination.
• Keeping session track of user activity.
• Maintaining the passengers details.

3.1 External Interface Requirements:

3.1.1Software Requirements:

• Numpy and Pandas to perform data manipulation.

• Matplotlib for data visualization
• HTML and CSS for Frontend web page
• SQL-Serveras backend.

3
3.1.2Related Technologies:

3.1.2.1Technologies Languages:
HTML, CSS, JS

[Link] Database Systems:

MySQL :
The technology of the system is HTML, a mainstream development technology which is a
web development . The reason why java codes are embedded with HTML pages allowed by
the technique is that in an object-oriented and secure development tool for the Internet.
Therefore, HTML can be a cross-platform operation of web development, and makes the
web application simpler and faster.

3.2 Non-Functional Requirements

• System should be able to handle multiple users.
• Login by username, password should be incorporated wherever necessary.
• Should be user friendly and display easy to understand error messages.

3.3 Reliability
Data validation & verification need to be done at every stage of activity. Validation user
input.

3.4 Availability
• The web application should be available anywhere and anytime.
• User Session should timeout after 20 minutes of inactivity.

4
 3.5 Performance
The system will be used by multiple users and may grow as time passes. Necessary
measures need to be taken to make the system as fast as possible.

3.6 Technologies
The sections list all the technologies for the web based system. This project is a web based
application that is developed in html, CSS, JSP, JavaScript for front end having SQL-Server
as backend.

3.5 Software System Attributes

● Usability: The user is facilitated to view and make entries in the web page. Validations
are provided in each field to avoid inconsistent or invalid entry in the databases.
● Security: Application will allow only valid users to access the system. Access to any
application resource will depend upon the user's [Link] is based upon the
individual departure date and the arrival date.
● Maintainability: The customer details will be maintained with high security.
● Portability: The application is developed in Netbeans. It would be portable to other
operating systems provided .NET Framework is available for the OS. As the database is
made in SQL Server, porting the database to another database server would require some
development effort.

Characteristics of the proposed system:

The web application has following features:
• In comparison to the present system the proposed system will be less time consuming and
is more efficient.
• Analysis will be very easy in the proposed system as it is automated.
The proposed system is very secure as no chances of loss of the data as it is
depends on the customer on data as it is depends on the user.

5
 CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The image given below represents the block diagram for the prediction of flight price

4.3 USECASE DIAGRAM

The image of the above use case diagram represents the flight planning function

6
 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

A proper implementation of this project can result in saving money of inexperienced people by providing
them the information related to trends that flight prices follow and also give them a predicted value of the
price which they use to decide whether to book ticket now or later. In conclusion this type of service can be
implemented with good accuracy of prediction. As the predicted value is not fully accurate there is huge
scope for improvement of these kind of service.

7
 APPENDICES
[Link]
[Link]
<html lang="en">

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Flight Price Prediction</title>

<!-- BootStrap -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="[Link]
integrity="sha384-
9aIt2nRpC12Uk9gS9baDl411NQApFmC26EwAOH8WgZl5MYYxFfc+NcPb1dKGj7Sk"
crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/css/[Link]">
</head>
<body>
<!-- As a heading -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="/">FLIGHT PRICE</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<br>
<br>
8
<br>
<div class="container">
<form action="\predict" method="post">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Departure Date</h5>
<!-- Departure -->
<input type="datetime-local" name="Dep_Time" id="Dep_Time" required="required">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Arrival Date</h5>
<!-- Arrival -->
<input type="datetime-local" name="Arrival_Time" id="Arrival_Time"
required="required">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<br>
<br>
9
 <br>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<!-- Source -->
<h5 class="card-title">Source</h5>
<select name="Source" id="Source" required="required">
<option value="Delhi">Delhi</option>
<option value="Kolkata">Kolkata</option>
<option value="Mumbai">Mumbai</option>
<option value="Chennai">Chennai</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Destination</h5>
<!-- Destination -->
<select name="Destination" id="Destination" required="required">
<option value="Cochin">Cochin</option>
<option value="Delhi">Delhi</option>
<option value="New Delhi">New Delhi</option>
<option value="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</option>
<option value="Kolkata">Kolkata</option>
</select>
</div>
10
 </div>
</div>
</div>

<br>
<br>
<br>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Stopage</h5>
<!-- Total Stops -->
<select name="stops" required="required">
<option value="0">Non-Stop</option>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
<option value="4">4</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Which Airline you want to travel?</h5
11
 <!-- Airline -->
<select name="airline" id="airline" required="required">
<option value="Jet Airways">Jet Airways</option>
<option value="IndiGo">IndiGo</option>
<option value="Air India">Air India</option>
<option value="Multiple carriers">Multiple carriers</option>
<option value="SpiceJet">SpiceJet</option>
<option value="Vistara">Vistara</option>
<option value="Air Asia">Air Asia</option>
<option value="GoAir">GoAir</option>
<option value="Multiple carriers Premium economy">Multiple carriers Premium
economy
</option>
<option value="Jet Airways Business">Jet Airways Business</option>
<option value="Vistara Premium economy">Vistara Premium economy</option>
<option value="Trujet">Trujet</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<!-- Submit -->
<input type="submit" value="Submit" class="btn btn-secondary">
</form>
<br>
<br>
<h3>{{ prediction_text }}</h3>
12
 <br>
<br>
<p>©2020 Amar Mandal</p>

</div>
<!-- JavaScript -->
<script src="[Link]
integrity="sha384-
DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="[Link]
integrity="sha384-
Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="[Link]
integrity="sha384-
OgVRvuATP1z7JjHLkuOU7Xw704+h835Lr+6QL9UvYjZE3Ipu6Tp75j7Bh/kR0JKI"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>

[Link]
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from flask_cors import cross_origin
import sklearn
import pickle
import pandas as pd

13
app = Flask(_name_)
model = [Link](open("flight_rf.pkl", "rb"))
@[Link]("/")
@cross_origin()
def home():
return render_template("[Link]")
@[Link]("/predict", methods = ["GET", "POST"])
@cross_origin()
def predict():
if [Link] == "POST":

# Date_of_Journey
date_dep = [Link]["Dep_Time"]
Journey_day = int(pd.to_datetime(date_dep, format="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M").day)
Journey_month = int(pd.to_datetime(date_dep, format ="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M").month)
# print("Journey Date : ",Journey_day, Journey_month)

# Departure
Dep_hour = int(pd.to_datetime(date_dep, format ="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M").hour)
Dep_min = int(pd.to_datetime(date_dep, format ="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M").minute)
# print("Departure : ",Dep_hour, Dep_min)
# Arrival
date_arr = [Link]["Arrival_Time"]
Arrival_hour = int(pd.to_datetime(date_arr, format ="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M").hour)
Arrival_min = int(pd.to_datetime(date_arr, format ="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M").minute)
# print("Arrival : ", Arrival_hour, Arrival_min)

# Duration
dur_hour = abs(Arrival_hour - Dep_hour)
dur_min = abs(Arrival_min - Dep_min)
14
# print("Duration : ", dur_hour, dur_min)

# Total Stops
Total_stops = int([Link]["stops"])
# print(Total_stops)

# Airline
# AIR ASIA = 0 (not in column)
airline=[Link]['airline']
if(airline=='Jet Airways'):
Jet_Airways = 1
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='IndiGo'):
Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 1
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
15
 Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Air India'):

Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 1
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Multiple carriers'):

Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 1
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0
16
elif (airline=='SpiceJet'):
Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 1
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Vistara'):
Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 1
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='GoAir'):
Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
17
 Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 1
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Multiple carriers Premium economy'):

Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 1
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Jet Airways Business'):

Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
18
 GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 1
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Vistara Premium economy'):

Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 1
Trujet = 0

elif (airline=='Trujet'):
Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
19
 Trujet = 1

else:
Jet_Airways = 0
IndiGo = 0
Air_India = 0
Multiple_carriers = 0
SpiceJet = 0
Vistara = 0
GoAir = 0
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy = 0
Jet_Airways_Business = 0
Vistara_Premium_economy = 0
Trujet = 0

# print(Jet_Airways,
# IndiGo,
# Air_India,
# Multiple_carriers,
# SpiceJet,
# Vistara,
# GoAir,
# Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy,
# Jet_Airways_Business,
# Vistara_Premium_economy,
# Trujet)

# Source
# Banglore = 0 (not in column)
Source = [Link]["Source"]
20
if (Source == 'Delhi'):
s_Delhi = 1
s_Kolkata = 0
s_Mumbai = 0
s_Chennai = 0

elif (Source == 'Kolkata'):

s_Delhi = 0
s_Kolkata = 1
s_Mumbai = 0
s_Chennai = 0

elif (Source == 'Mumbai'):

s_Delhi = 0
s_Kolkata = 0
s_Mumbai = 1
s_Chennai = 0

elif (Source == 'Chennai'):

s_Delhi = 0
s_Kolkata = 0
s_Mumbai = 0
s_Chennai = 1

else:
s_Delhi = 0
s_Kolkata = 0
s_Mumbai = 0
s_Chennai = 0

21
# print(s_Delhi,
# s_Kolkata,
# s_Mumbai,
# s_Chennai)

# Destination
# Banglore = 0 (not in column)
Source = [Link]["Destination"]
if (Source == 'Cochin'):
d_Cochin = 1
d_Delhi = 0
d_New_Delhi = 0
d_Hyderabad = 0
d_Kolkata = 0

elif (Source == 'Delhi'):

d_Cochin = 0
d_Delhi = 1
d_New_Delhi = 0
d_Hyderabad = 0
d_Kolkata = 0

elif (Source == 'New_Delhi'):

d_Cochin = 0
d_Delhi = 0
d_New_Delhi = 1
d_Hyderabad = 0
d_Kolkata = 0

elif (Source == 'Hyderabad'):

22
 d_Cochin = 0
d_Delhi = 0
d_New_Delhi = 0
d_Hyderabad = 1
d_Kolkata = 0

elif (Source == 'Kolkata'):

d_Cochin = 0
d_Delhi = 0
d_New_Delhi = 0
d_Hyderabad = 0
d_Kolkata = 1

else:
d_Cochin = 0
d_Delhi = 0
d_New_Delhi = 0
d_Hyderabad = 0
d_Kolkata = 0

# print(
# d_Cochin,
# d_Delhi,
# d_New_Delhi,
# d_Hyderabad,
# d_Kolkata
#)

# ['Total_Stops', 'Journey_day', 'Journey_month', 'Dep_hour',

23
# 'Dep_min', 'Arrival_hour', 'Arrival_min', 'Duration_hours',
# 'Duration_mins', 'Airline_Air India', 'Airline_GoAir', 'Airline_IndiGo',
# 'Airline_Jet Airways', 'Airline_Jet Airways Business',
# 'Airline_Multiple carriers',
# 'Airline_Multiple carriers Premium economy', 'Airline_SpiceJet',
# 'Airline_Trujet', 'Airline_Vistara', 'Airline_Vistara Premium economy',
# 'Source_Chennai', 'Source_Delhi', 'Source_Kolkata', 'Source_Mumbai',
# 'Destination_Cochin', 'Destination_Delhi', 'Destination_Hyderabad',
# 'Destination_Kolkata', 'Destination_New Delhi']

prediction=[Link]([[
Total_stops,
Journey_day,
Journey_month,
Dep_hour,
Dep_min,
Arrival_hour,
Arrival_min,
dur_hour,
dur_min,
Air_India,
GoAir,
IndiGo,
Jet_Airways,
Jet_Airways_Business,
Multiple_carriers,
Multiple_carriers_Premium_economy,
SpiceJet,
Trujet,
Vistara,
24
 Vistara_Premium_economy,
s_Chennai,
s_Delhi,
s_Kolkata,
s_Mumbai,
d_Cochin,
d_Delhi,
d_Hyderabad,
d_Kolkata,
d_New_Delhi
]])

output=round(prediction[0],2)

return render_template('[Link]',prediction_text="Your Flight price is Rs. {}".format(output))

return render_template("[Link]")
if _name_ == "_main_":
[Link](debug=Tru

25
B: OUTPUT

The above image represents the enquiry form for the flight price prediction.

The above image represents the input dataset

26
The above image represents the output of the prediction webpage

27
 CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Flight price prediction is an important area of research in the field of aviation and travel. There are several
factors that affect the price of a flight ticket, such as fuel prices, demand, seasonality, competition, and
more. Predicting the price of a flight ticket accurately can help travelers plan their trips in advance and

airlines. The results of various studies on flight price prediction have shown that machine learning and deep
learning techniques can be effective in predicting flight ticket prices with high accuracy. The studies
reviewed in this literature survey indicate that different algorithms, such as linear regression, decision tree,
random forest, gradient boosting have been successfully used for flight price prediction.

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 CHAPTER 7 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Predicting Flight Ticket Prices Using Machine Learning Techniques

AUTHOR: Nisha Rani et al. (2019)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of various machine learning algorithms, including linear
regression, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting, for predicting flight ticket prices. The study
was conducted on a dataset of flight prices from India to different locations across the world. The results
showed that the gradient boosting algorithm performed the best, with an accuracy of 89.65%.

[Link] Price Prediction Using Time Series Analysis

AUTHOR: Parul Gupta et al. (2021)

This paper proposes a time series forecasting approach for predicting flight ticket prices. The study was
conducted on a dataset of flight prices from India to different locations across the world. The authors used
the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for time series analysis and achieved an
accuracy of 87.4%.

3. Airfare Prediction Using Ensemble Learning Techniques

AUTHOR: Mohammad Al Hasan et al. (2020)

This paper presents an ensemble learning approach for predicting flight ticket prices. The authors used a
dataset of flight prices from the United States to different locations across the world. The study compared
the performance of three ensemble learning techniques: bagging, boosting, and stacking. The results showed
that the stacking approach performed the best, with an accuracy of 91.25%.

4. "Deep Learning for Airfare Prediction

AUTHOR: Ziyi Wang et al. (2018)

This paper proposes a deep learning approach for predicting flight ticket prices. The study was conducted
on a dataset of flight prices from China to different locations across the world.
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