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ENGINEERING DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

DEFINITION AND USES
1. ) DRAWING SHEET
-Drawing sheet is a white paper on which an
object is drawn which is available in various sizes. The
sheet used for engineering should be of good quality. It
should be white in color with uniform thickness with
must resist the easy torn of paper. The surface of
sheet must be smooth.

2. ) DRAWING BOARD

-Drawing board is generally made of soft wood

and it is in rectangular shape. It is used to support
drawing sheet, so, the size of board is made according
the size of the drawing sheet. The wood portions are
joined by tongue and grove type joint to prevent
cracks. At the edge of board, straight ebony edge is
provided for the T-square usage.

3. ) MINI DRAFTER
-Mini drafter is an instrument which can be
used for multiple functions in drawing. It contains
two arms which is adjustable to required angle and
at the end of the lower arm a scale set is attached.
The scale set contains two scales connected
perpendicular to each which cannot be separated.
This instrument is fixed to the drawing board at one
edge with the help of screw provided for the drafter.
Mini drafter is used for drawing horizontal lines,
vertical lines, inclined lines, angles, parallel lines,
perpendicular lines etc.

4. ) T-SQUARE
-T square is used to draw horizontal and
vertical lines on drawing sheet. It made of wood or
plastic and in T shape. The vertical part of T is called
as blade and horizontal part of T is called as head.
The edge of head is uniform level and attached to the
edge of the board. The working edge is used to draw
lines anywhere on the sheet by moving the instrument
top to bottom.
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5. ) COMPASS

-Compass is used to draw an arc or circle with known

dimensions on engineering drawing. It is generally made of
steel and consists two legs. One leg contains needle at the
bottom and other leg contains a ring in which a pencil is placed.
The needle tip is placed at the respected point and pencil tip is
adjusted to the height at least 1mm just above the tip of the
needle. The gap is nothing but the paper thickness.

6. ) DIVIDER

-The divider looks like a compass, but the difference is the

two legs of divider are provided with needles. This is used to
divide a line or curve into equal parts. It is also used to check
the measurements.

7. ) SET SQUARES
-Set squares are used to draw lines with an angle
between them. In most of the structures, 30, 45, 60 and
90-degree lines are most common. So, set squares
make the work easier for this type of drawings.
Generally, set squares are of two types. One is 45
degree set square and another one is called as 30 – 60
degree set square. Both are required in the drawing. 45
set square has a side of 25 cm while 30-60 set square
has 25 cm length on one side.

8. ) CLINOGRAPH

-Clinograph is an instrument used to draw

parallel lines to the inclined lines. It contains one
adjustable wing or strip which can be adjusted to
required angle. So, it can be termed as adjustable set
square.

9. ) PROTRACTOR
-Protractor is used to draw and measure the
angles of lines in the drawing. It is transparent and
made of plastic. It is in the shape of semi-circle, and
the edge of semi-circle part consists reading with
one-degree accuracy. The bottom line joins the 0o to
the 180o. The center of this bottom line is marked as
“O” or “C” from which the angles are measured.
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10.) FRENCH CURVES

-French curves are made of plastic and they

are in irregular shapes. Sometimes the drawing
requires irregular curves or shapes or arcs which
cannot be drawn using compass. In that case
French curves are suitable. Generally French
curves are more suitable for small curves and for
long curves splines are used.

11.) DRAWING TEMPLATES

-Templates are nothing but plastic or

wooden boards which contains spaces of
several shapes or letters. Non-dimensional
shapes or variety font letters are drawn by using
templates which makes drawing easier and
perfect.

12.) PENCILS
-Pencil is used to draw on the paper.
Any type of pencil is not suitable for drawing.
There are some limitations, the drawing
appearance should be very neat and
understandable. Every line of the drawing
should indicate its importance. It depends upon
the hardness of pencil.

13.) ERASER
-Eraser is used to remove the lines or spots
which drawn by mistake or with wrong measurements.
The eraser used should be of good quality and soft. It
should not damage the paper while erasing.

14.) PAPER HOLDERS

-When the drawing sheet is placed on the board it

may not be in fixed position. To fix the drawing sheet to
the board paper holders are used. Generally used paper
holders are thumb pins, spring clips, stick tapes etc. Care
should be taken while removing the clips or tapes
otherwise the sheet may tore.
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15.) ROLLER SCALE

-A Roller scale is a multipurpose instrument

that allows you to draw a horizontal parallel line,
vertical parallel line as well as crosshatching, triangle,
and [Link] biggest advantage is that it the easy
to use and easy to draw projection lines and also not
like fixing like a mini drafter on the sheet and drawing
board.

16.) CIRCLE MASTER

-Circle Master is a very useful template-type

engineering drawing instruments that allow to you
quickly draw the various radius of circles. It is a
circular or flat plate with various-sized holes punched
on the top of the surface.

17.) HANDKERCHIEF

-The handkerchief is used to make the paper

clean on which the drawing is being done.

18.) ERASER SHIELD

-They are designed to allow erasers to be used through

them to erase lines and text without removing lines
close by which do not need to be erased. The Shield
also keeps the paper flat and prevents it from buckling
when erasing.

19.) DRAWING TABLE

-A drawing board (also drawing table, drafting

table or architect's table) is, in its antique form, a kind of
multipurpose desk which can be used for any kind of
drawing, writing or impromptu sketching on a large sheet
of paper or for reading a large format book or other
oversized document or for drafting precise technical
illustrations.
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20.) DRAFTING LAMPS

-A drafting lamp is a very useful item to have as
an artist or designer. These specialized lamps use either
fluorescent, halogen or LED light bulbs and have
incredibly adjustable arms. Swing arms enable you to
adjust your lighting to play with shadows or see the true
colors on your medium.

21.) BLUE PRINT MEASURING TOOL

-A plan measurer is one of many blueprint
measuring tools that are designed to help architects
and engineers with their work. It's meant to simplify
takeoffs from architectural and engineering drawings,
because it can find the linear measurements of any
shape. The wheel can be either digital or analog.

22.) MASKING TAPE

-The masking tape, when used around the
edges of the artwork, can produce a sharp border
that makes the art look clean and finished. Using
tape in this manner is certainly not limited to
painting either. It can be used with any drawing
medium that may prove difficult to keep within the
borders.

23.) MAGNIFYING GLASS

-A magnifying glass is a convex lens that is used to

produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is
usually mounted in a frame with a handle. A
magnifying glass can be used to focus light, such as
to concentrate the sun's radiation to create a hot spot
at the focus for fire starting.

24.) ELECTRIC ERASER

-a hand-sized machine with an erasing head

driven by an electric motor used especially in drafting
and library work.