8 The Four-Stroke Petrol Engine ; 1 READING - PART 1 The carburettor Complete the labelling of the dia; i h diagram using the words in italics i passage. Write down the labels in your notebook against the letters 24. oe !The carburettor is a device which provides the engine with an air and petrol mixture in the correct proportions for all running conditions. ?This-simplified diagram shows how it operates. >Petrol enters the float chamber via the feed pipe and the fuel inlet. *When the chamber is filled to the correct level, the . float and needle-valve rise, cutting off the fucl supply. $When the piston moves down the cylinder it reduces the pressure within the cylinder, *The pressure of the atmosphere then pushes air in through the carburettor where it mixes with a fine jet of petrol from the float chamber to produce finely divided fuel droplets. 7The quantity of this ‘atomized fuel which enters the cylinder is controlled by a throttle valve. Jn a motor car the throttle valve is opened and closed by operating the accelerator pedal.‘ The Four-Stroke Petrol Engine 93 "PART 2 The valves Complete the passage using the information in the diagram. Write down a list of the missing words against their sentence numbers. yocker valye so, cylinder head —!~ valve guide induction ___| valve stem manifold valve seat push rod ——— valve head °The function of the valves is to open and close at the correct time when the engine is running so that fuel can enter the cylinder and the exhaust gases escupe.,'°The valve illustrated is an inlet valve. ''It is fitted into the... . '2Fucl from the... enters the. . . through it, ‘The . ... is ground-so that it fits the ... exactly, forming a gas-tight seal. '*The ... slides through a «++», Which is a sleeve of bronze tapered at one end so that it can be driven tightly into the cylinder-head. 'SThe inlet valve is kept closed by means of a.... '*The ends of the spring are held between two .... '?One collar is set in the cylinder head while the upper collar is attached {athe valve stem. *8The valve is opened at the right moment by means of a. . . mounted on . '°This shaft is driven by the engine crankshaft. ?°As the cam turns pushes up the... which in turn raises onc end of the... .?'The other end Presses down on the valve stem and the valve opens. 22AQ ‘small screw, called the... is provided at one end of the rocker to allow slight adjustments to be made in the proportion of the lift from the cam being imparted to the valve. PART 3 The four-stroke cycle Read the following passage carefully and write down a list of the missing words against their sentence numbers. Use the diagrams on page 94 to help you. These diagrams represent the four strokes in the cycle. They are not in the correct order and they are not named. Write down the names of each of the strokes represented. ane otalPeps ae iil rns eon meres ewe SE ?5In the four-stroke petrol engine there is a sequence, or cycle of events which is completed in four strokes of the piston. 2¢The events [Link] place in each stroke are as follows: induction stroke ?*With the. .. open and the exhaust valve shut, the piston moves down the cylinder creating a partial vacuum. ?°This partial vacuum draws in the atomized fuel from the. . . into the cylinder, compression stroke ?*With both the inlet and exhaust valves closed, the . : . Moves up the cylindé’ compressing the fuel mixture. ?*Just before the end of the stroke, an electric spark across the points of the . . . ignites the petrol and air mixture. : power stroke ?°Both valves remain closed. >°During the tiny interval of time required for the flame to establish itself, the piston has reached its highest position in the .... >"The gas generated by the burning fucl now expands rapidly, driving the piston down the cylinder. ??This downward push is converted into a rotary movement by the connecting rod and.... *3A ... contained within the cylinder wall helps to conduct away the heat generated during this burning and thus keeps the engine cool. exhaust stroke {The exhaust valve opens but the inlet valve remains shut. >The piston moves up the cylinder, pushing the exhaust gas out through the ++ *¢With the completion of the exhaust stroke the cycle begins again. sparking plug G exhaust manifold cylinder — 1 carburettor inlet valve . y Abe U/ ~ crankahatt 3