0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes) 12 views41 pagesGraphs
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
.
fini ow =
Chien |
'
Z
fproph Ge (V, EMeonsish Fy a now eneplg
St A verlis CREE and Ea Set of edges
Foch edge has ue on, on lim vertices
AMoualed whit calld th ob boirnes.
An edge is sad (6 cornet i ends Pomb.
Remunte
eS
thy sek of vertices V ob & gregh o ray be
tm Borite . Gal gph a, a ay Pe
Vertex See iS cated aon inmilé Pape
aa gph eth a Pini Vere fet t's
calid a drwle ppl)
es: Suppose Ba a network o's rradcup of
ee cee Onmnwunricabion
HM Limtes Blas commpalds we can
represent the Localion of ead dale
Con bae by ape § cake communi
SUE by a Minne Sesnnent- a shove
fun Bguret sale
we _ poo ee Sonlenyor
eh WG.
7 waolugon
ate
flere the comple metuinrk 5 modelelising
bm graph im which the werbus oF We
Atpresend hi Ae corte, 6 fhe”Oe =
PF represent la omouiuscabion Linley
Loop
A Loop (San edge hat wrnnid tea
verlée (5 beet
a pop "S$ Sarl have rrullip eyes
tf lurt db fhrent eqn wruted [hi Sanne pas
of verlag
wrliuork
oie A Compuls with nultiple Lmtes
wo 98
wr A
\ J
Lav begl®
. Arcompuler nelurre wt Aeops
= i
xn Y i
\A ;
Drfreph we male edger are told
mt graphs nihen bey are om bh Shrew
chy en aomou'aley &% Wi Sang cteelured,
pote of werbes fuvt oe say bar fury”
Cun edye of muithiplale rm.en
QO Agpraph ton wsbich each edge to bt luo
UW hevewt wealieiy. aug were. adits edges
Commeet Ue baie poai's of vertreés ty called
9 Simple graph, thay isa (nimple graph
sa peph wi no loops and nnrtbipl.
Ager | vo
OQ Gnreph Hat may indircde Loops cay)
possibly mrutlple edges orneclin'y He
Sere pes'y verity, are catlo/
DetimrUey 2
Two vertiin 4 and vim om unrchirectedd graph
Cee Weal acbj ae kL Greig Whours) tr Gr
La sv are end points of an edge
4m 7
RE 1s arsouahil wit Yvh (de edge ts
inalenrt han~Ver with vesl'ua u av
wee
OX
ihe edge © fe cleo sad 15 oneash uh¥
Defporu Ves 2
——
B degree Pa vere im an erolreclid"Sq number Ff edjee imeidine im ity:
except Whe Lapp at a verlrt conbibrtes
lite BLE hearer of that vertex
A degree ot i verlker v 18 clnolet by deger)|
A dverlea of degree 0 '5 called 'Solbed these
4, on Vsolalid verix js nat adfaune (5 ony
Wer VET -
"A vere Is pendantolh Of and erly sf (6 bas |
hegree 1 |
7 whet are the cbegrecs of the verrcég in thy,
pep Ogu
WAN 4
Ge me 4 ‘
an 4 e 4
a
AEO 32 Atay? +
d(b = 4
df > #+2 76
dtd =4 ao = 1 penolawt)
d > § | Cendant) pile ig
fe aa ;
dgy es 4 C2)
dy) « 0 (ivlaad): ap _
caurerse Revere rapt
poe
‘ore Pati ier
of a hon emply Set of verlites Vv
aad in get of hrecked edges br arc)
E/ fat. olirecléd ele Us anor eted wr.
en ordered Por oF verticig. the di
Age aw he with oe
Saw at Sat atu and ¢ Jot v A dy:
A drcid ocpoplh may wortam Loops
ord mrny comlaiin mlhipk hin Oy
Ager teats pint Feat ed at Senn
"A dive ska
ee wnrtsin @
ave eled Be conrect verlag
URRY fon bo obs ooclr pepe HOrlime on else Bom “ by
é may ake Got Age fom vw
Som le cline hel
ioe hi wreeled Qeplh wR wu» Cops
Se ho meltpl hivriedkcal ds es
Be Lecple hinehS gph |
2 Directed Graph that
ofkans ove ohi-vecled. 4A oft |
7 both heeled § wrolimecla/ A
Brorone |
~
THE anp SUR KING THEOREM
bos Or eGv 2) bea wrndlrnre Lief graph
wh & edger thin.
ave 22 deg
vEVvHthe mommy elses ane ere sin a geph
WL 10 vertices each of degree
2E = 10x6 degv ac
| > ‘
€ = 30
TA COR EM 2
du Undine lid graph Las, an erren
numbers fF verbics of odd dearee
Fey & ve be the see of verlices of een
icy ot
degree amd hi pet of CLL degree
IW aw
wd redid peprh ev hen 7 5
eee BS hw
Maciel Lat |
* “ Ve
- ge dey + € degC ‘
yey) vou even
Sinnte digree of BY is ren br vev,
the Bygp evin inn Hh RG
eget (5 Cre. Furtte, rove WE sum
AME tim Linen te Ras of Mei
Gtk tanehilg 45 wer Sina Ih Sum “s
20 - Here ha Seve lercr tm He sum t
oho ere. Becawe gt be gure
inn H's Ser are edd there niet be
an even niimber vt turh “mre.
there ore Or ere ruber of
vertu ct odd leg ree Se iOrton Gv)" tek edge of la graph 7 Whe hvedig
edges «tS said G be adjaunt ls & anf
Cee ee
he verte wu "S calle ths oes
Cu ano vis elid Le fermunaf ero]
Velen of Cu
t .
7
wu
Olna Poph wth dereted edges (ha im-degn
Pa vere v clenraled bg) Ss he rember
of edges OME, 20 thein larrncnaf verter A
fhe out-degree of V dumoled by te is Be
Member of elges with von uae roiling
Ftammple
IA the tn degree 6,Sonm
Aevrem 3
hee acy, 2 ot wire wt livecty
poredger
Mum & digo » Suydy “g fey Wd AMA
vey vev aia
ate Sha wo}
UPR i nee
Some _Speciaf Simaple ate 7 ——_ “oa
LEED 0 in
CrmpluUle graphs — on » verlieds doe i
iS her 4 simple groph Hout Cortasna ecactly
one eclye Yw each te et Aislin verlices + |
le cycles ¢, hr nog connst of n vealicés
Ten oor “er My - eee Vy Aanel eyes
1 Yn, Yopand Sv, vi]ens
We 2b em ead He whef Wn When wy add a,
alld lonal verte li ihe cycles ty | nds ad
Crnrect Mis nw vw, & :
each of It n Verba,
Men by new ealges:
6
- Wa J _
AK : *t tay A" [=r
Nong a 1 Ys / i
A Naa
L\ <* “wy
= ~, v4 2 \ | : x a
; GEN] / J
y % ien™,
ve Va
1 We
+ Or eb)
the n- hinntimrror -f
hyper ubes Or n- cube cheney]
by 6, 1S He
“nN eee "hau howe vertices reprearnliry)
© sets Bie svg ot Leng nm - Taxe verbies ane)
adjpaunte cf anf onty if ba bit shiny wae
ye
hey mer ent cl fey jr ena ckly re pot/Len.
ane n my
o 1 \ Fi ne
2 \ 100 \rot -e
eo. ey re og
| wok | don
Ls
[ ie T “e0)
UW 200
Na A Corobrick nt) cubee Qrt!
from tre n exbe Qn by raking a copies of
Qn prefaing Wi dabels om te verlirr
ote A 270 Im copy of An and witha ft»
the olluw copy of Qn and adel ng cdg orCrinsling lar vers there hove Lebel:
Ahegng onty ia es Ae oe
‘peoatilé Cy
4 Stexple GAP Gis cted bpertle #
VeAlix Set Vea, be Prrhbond Int lip
kigjomne sels v, 5 Me such that every ealse in
Be Rep, tonnacls a veryn mv, 5m vedo:
Va £0 fot no edgy ty Gy Contrects Brecy
Wet im Vv or lito vei in vy when tha's
Conclilicn holds we cate hi pois (Y Vad a
bpartlon of lz Merlin Seb V of G
oe: i
A Sinn ple Graph Sipotile Pane only |
(Eis possible le autgn ene o lav bi terens
colors ls exch vers ot Or GoD 80 ha
me hbo adjacent verlies ove cmigned he
Same color.
A biposte geoph Annet hare & Loop
, : ee
Ce ts bpartile because ih vores Set An
partitions imte hi “co SeleMe EM va wef and vas FM, v4. Meh
anol ervey telye ot C, Connects verte
Imvyi and a verlex in V2
Example to
ete
& Ss mod bipadlié + To ven fy Mt note har-
if we olivicle Le vere set of ke
two ohésforme Sets, Ere of Le ta50 Seb
mruct nlain tedp werins ./f Aa gpaph wore
bportile, ere hbo vertins tontd not be
Connected by am ebge bat tm Ky erb wren
16 Ornnekd Ty an
eal aaecanee is K
« a
oO H
ae tba grophs OG and H displagd "
above fguve bps 9
Slo: Graph & is bipastily because i vertex
set is he union of laden olisjoime sels € §2.4
ard £0,069} and each ekge tonrnecli 4
verte im one ot ue Subee & a verke i
in the olhin Subset-(Alole that ha 6 lo bp bipocrtite it 15 net racer
Wat” wvery vertex im ont ok fabdf be adljauw
to wey verter dm fe, e049}. Los indlany, &
ond J “Ae Hol adjacent)
Graph H te not bipetils becuse (6 vorlee
SH Cannot be Pow Coned te bide subs obs
So hat edges ho not wormect bo verties Ao n|
Ihe Same subseeA Subgoaph of a gop GW Dus a ps
H=2 WWF) were WeV ad FEE A subgraph
Gis a Prrper subgraph to IL 4G |
we Ze
the union OF lis fimple peeh 6 (4,6) od
Oy = Ma =) TeMiLs Staple grape write
were Seb, Uva and edge see & UE, |
dence by O, 0G, |
Representin'y gaaph § graph to Lusne
One
7 le represent a graph witout
eolges is Wage adjacency List ustuch speek,
ht vertus tee ane acljacents bs exch weili
ot he a7.
>le 2
UO pes are Lirect grr by Using alt CE
vores What are hz lerinimal woot of
Met Savting OF enth vale of ht goaph.
Aijecwnig venice
Sy-ppose OL, ) 18 © Simple grep were oreler of
Jar Suppese Wat (he vertices of are Listed
Arbiliarily o7€ Vi vg ~~ ++ Vy he. eGocny
matrn Ag,
2 Draw a vaph on te. aeeney mm alhirg
! a Wo d aa
> af Oto too a b
cl! © of e “4
q{o bre
Mote Uae, an adjateney onebrine of a gregh |
is besed on GG 0 veleringrn chase, Br the ver lies,
Yenee bere are ar oo nl facloral
UL fervent elf aterces malriw fora graph
withtne aejoteney retin fa srple gropl
Cee ee
Gi
7 AG atemey redone coy also be wnedtes
PIE inn allog clea graph ae hoops Invite
mrelein (y ely er a
A hoop ot ie Verte a fe mepres hal 6g 1
Cate Ge ye Pesiten ot Lt of a irr wy
relate Whe, multiple edger ave preent
he Aeliaceney amet bs ro lenges a Zerc-mme
wrednn, becarme the GD & entry ot uz
NI ciate te nernibes, OP eatyes Hanbe arre
ate water Laz, ay}.
Crrenrp le :
Use an aclfauniy matin ty Pep res ent ee
Psenrcle graph
Away
a, b a b cg |
ala 2 oy
“ie 6 ft 4
a €
clo ! { 92
a2 eo
be meta Bra limekd geaph ou
has @ 1 im iG Gj) “pesilies if ave (5
edge From ve vi, where “Vas coy, fs
bialrany Ais bi ny otf Le verlag et We
dived graph-bj! toe
Center
ae ae
Dee cles _reotnis
het = (©) be an Uncbirectid graph suppote
ae vy, Va,---' Uy are bi verlins wrod
“02,0 - em are i edges of Ohm the
imeiden ee mabn'n vith wrepek le his sadewing
civge ts ht Cha) matin
ae Oy lel
ey = i” ttn eee ef is Incident wie, Vig
: : DlLerusise
‘ tv, . & a ey ey
tee :
Pe °
‘5 ¢ ee ‘ tr
' t oO ° 5
Me ey ie faye 7 BX
¢ Ne] ° ° Vet
wee e 6 6
(aah ae &
Cy, “3
es
e
“e Vsy 7
€.e ©) Go Ge Ep es Ss
25x
“
°
8
s
° ° °
4%I_e 0 20 od a ° roy
“ele G ° ° t ! oe |
J
(Sommorplusmn of Onrepls
fhe Simrple graphs eo, 2%, &) anal’
= (%, Ey) ave fSomorplw'e ch han bs
a onets on, and Mls hernction r
ee vw Me wikk bennd bore Ode tat tn G, Lead erty 1¢
PAD ond FC ane
ee Los called
ar 50 mrovplusm, 4. ’
Vaan Le he are towne be ha A
woe ee oss veritas of ILC]
we Popls “au presernes oe eaineee
reletiion slp n
eA oe RS
+
emt
fin) Ae
ey, ae
“u y yy
45 ae | aera:
Foner FOND
i. Cury - £Cvy> }
Cus) -Ov29 '
SCH) -FC%4D“i Kt a lot igowno7 phe e
Botts 1 GH hare Fe Vere arnel fine
edges but h Kas a verted of ckegree /
Atrely e whew as OO bas no verledces of
Megree LLk blows bay © tee 1G
‘somnorplue, |
2 Denny
mt okt eg peath eter ets|
ove
Sommer pe
ry fe]
a . | :
) 4
Moof verlied . ¢
no. of cher
vo: of dea vee
he graph AEH boll: bare $ verlius g
to edges, leg olio lere dour wertlis
of degree 2 and four woliur of degree s
Horwer A EH are mot 'somonpli'c tinesl
degree of A = 2 mm sa -mat cornell
nd 03 ether E,u,% & y im tH Betamel
hoe are (he wrlus of degree 2 in H. |
- toHowenrir each of thei krveuigy im H 16 2 aee
WW anolkey veri of hegree 2 in H wlhuch is
mot Gur fox A inan,
To See wlithin P presemes ebges, We enannt!
ha HAG ating rrely'ad of G & ICG dp ctemey
Wreter'ai of H with sou & clunns hebetd
by Wi Images of li corresportliong veritas i]
Go. uf aq = a, follows bet #£ presences Ges
and "Fig an fsomoplign -
uw
7 \ a vy
we
vw
Ma Ws 5 v4
a
, fp
+4 at Moe Mg Ue Uy
Pep eve. “fO lo too
f Lud vy wll et eo}
£4 = vy wf o 1 Ol oo
Hua) + V5 vf l Ot 08]
°
fludey, ur} 6 Oo get
alo! oeor.e
f(ubecv.
a ve YS Ve Ve My vy
Mur euf 2! 2 loo
; FO) = us \ OA -O -O..)
MHS IS en flup=ve} 01010 7
£0 mnampleg flue vel (oO 60 to
Groep. Clune eo oe wero")
° ° °vy n
fed ew
FX) evCONNECTIVITY
NNUAL , bist
a® senlernret
Lede, for wnolivetil gongh ‘PTO
Les nm be a mgd nee -
hi reeled te os
Gn om reelcd Yrop I Pete of S
fra (0 V Im Go 1s @ seg tot on ages
Cr ba, + -- ey FO Suh at e, Hs onsoetatisf
wr {xo, «.J Sy 1S enrsorald ore fx, ea} and
$0 OW wie a eomouakhd owt fens, xn} cod
WER Koa Vv tnd My eV. JEL Is a Peisa
Etynenu of hat begins af a vodeit
oe gph and brarwts For verter lo
vee atong tela os of be grt : |
fhe pore is a orate of ih begins ond
trds wt bi Sone wee uu, if u=v
theo Lengtt, gresters Cow 0. A pote of Li
Unort §8 binnple F te doernl Orting Whe
Same clge more ler enu.
eg: a t
am z if
ed) &
2) apbe,h, a,b.
Path of Lint = 5 Ht hos © pate.
Brown a (6'
€ toe
r oe &
4b hasmot a path
because Kare 1s no edge
frm ce toc
eee a Gr cusl Jey he
Cincect of Lemp te =4
2 Ode fe > cbis a Simple pete
Simple path of Lendl: 4
> 9,6%d,0,6 > 1b han path.
But 1b is met & Simplk
pate becanre vepealiler
from a Vo b.
Pes. Br hime chet pate. :
eet ne Oe Cee eae \ ae ant |
a dhivecbal groph A pase of Langit» |
fmm « BV im fa |
edges %, ey--- e, of G
amouctew wit, feo $e
ie, tab eel
ote
nS emoc
th
OW Hee emo ali
fra, tn f Were wreuw end my -v.
Whar Hive are no w LoinWi lire keel goaph Wis past rs densud by
Kok, -- 5 ey a pre ot L Z greeted
Wernw © Wet begins ond tro at Same
vert 5 cotid a Urenit [egele.
A pate of clawwt % “catid
Sirmaple if
ig cloernot cwoxtain Ci S$ ane edge
b
Urpin Orne: Lp
Unolimedeit Graph 4 -
An andiredid graph & cated comveckd
tf bere (8 & path bj exery powr oF oishinn
verUius of be gro
a
4, samostad _toresporscnd ob a gry ON
: pe OS met ae
a connected subg rph of Ge at ;
proper seb geoph of another comeeeld,
subgraph. of a ‘ ‘tS -a Siemple pate bhi
Priv cf Usb vertius of a COnmniuhke
neki ne elicn! graph.
Pooot
Rib av tt ted dislinccl verlieds ot
WA worrectid wnlirnetil greph G=%O
Smee is Conncey here ($ atluct ou
potrh beluwin uEerv
ae ace
- bet xe, Me Ayer ee
& Xn=V be Li wren Segeemes
eto polls of Lent Aerglle: - bha's pats #
hemot - MS Simple $y es
; x : wept) Seppese ils wot
Simple res He Hy
CLK Gi IS ee ge 8
ee CO
hor L0Omnn— ay wit
‘ge pall: bom
of shor henglle wile verte
Seq nine MEM Mey Re ee ety 7 =
dileblingg he edges Cor~resp 0 ob ma G
Ct wt Seqprence ye ~Dehimibor
eC
Wf i removal of a wert and all edges
Irruldemt coils ib prodius a Subgregl wile mere
Owen ha to the orginal greph
buch wills ore ltr! cut vested or abeidalon
port Ihe removal of eo cus vein fon Fe
Oreph Precducs a subgraph Unit is mot conmecbid
anol govoly an eclyer whee removal predic
a graph will rere tworneclcol Compo rnin
han im thé orginwet gph 48 celled a cue
edge 00 bridge.
a dh £ 4
b ¢ € w
Cle a CUb-werlen
CM a Wh-wiee @
eee
fab} is a brvdge
devon
Tr ee Corned graph Gr a ce -—set th a see
oF edges whose memevat fom 0 Leave, fo
Uscomned Provided removal of mo proper
Subse of Mite edges litconnmedi G.-
iG 2), cs eo ee xh
£1) @s Go} 16 a teb- See
* £0429, @3>, G,59,@92 is wok a cancer, Homer
£610, Ga, Gn] ie a proper subeet of [0496.5 en)
atrch is a uk- set
Muttiplicalion of nds bbe
fn ) a
A= t 2 } . a oe
} = 72 »
{2 :
2 1 0 r
2
Az f{\ 2 © [Fa 0
2 oO to |
b > |
° z10 x |
rere 4 3 |
ete LYO4 OXD vat Leo! oe hed axe
Ort KOteKe ova tiers BOO Soe Ere
Ce Ot Oy eh 2)t ee VrOrxIXL + Ore
. .
# ™pere Goa
ce 4 :
Sn WP he Ponhere ph
2 dooBcos dalCommedidnus of divedéd graph.
A dived graph 13 thongly omnechd “f
fue (8 © pall: frm alb and hom bla
whineer & and b ave vetrus mm he greph
a b
>
e a ~ ib
Gq
G xs Shoomrngly
cone did
a ge gee ere, a
: : H
© A dineckd gouph is In ga cnet aboaet i
meekly wine ld if Y Comin clad. Blente. a4
dare is a pelle belueen | me olimerk petts pak
bSo vetieds jm hi wod-! Sede m4
: aaa pee ete
se dpongy. rol rekest tem
Jap.
Oe on liaected: gop What routs Po,
ignemng divections Krowo of edges i$ catted
hia enderlifing undiveclial gooph of i
divectral qreph- i
Pesbs FHa ond tonel Momorpl enn
Maw owe sevrnal wns eet pokes cn
Cneuils tem Aihirinniote \whha hoe
Grophs are (sowmorplic. fo, (i
Ne enisenu of & Siomnple Uruk of &
Pot tan Aenglls 15 6 ureht Imvariente
hat- Can be wreel We thew thir hieon oe seeumnnnelieeine
goaphs ATE mot Ssomnesple In adolition
pols tw be wed be wl omepp ings
hens be (some rplismas
9 Odlermime whulhes Gand Hore Momoplee
»
Ms “9. “4
“s Ys vs 3,
a) ws
Im Hw uy He, U, IF & ome
of engi: 5 BurGr doen
btrawe
o Gout of seg 3:
ae - ad
Kelemen bates hr grep ye y show
Beton ave isomorp We:
Bolle ARH Were 5 verter arol 6 edger
hols howe 2 ventias of digree 3 and
Berar of Ayre? and boil hoe *
Sinmple drat of Ling 3, a sinrplecant of Leng: 5. Became ou “4s
isome wpluc tN Vemen te
isornorplhre: To tind a
ree, On & Hee be
possible jserverphs 479
we tan drilow paths Ibhext- ge hein gh ott veh,
So hake thar C1 Porndimng vediin *m the boo
Pep bewe bi Same higree Br enernply
4,, 44,43, 4a ,46 im 1 Ord Va vo, “VE, Vat
4 boils ga Niro ugl. oweny wee tn Le ope:
Sort ot a verter of agree 3 x Mori Agl. verkins
A degre 23 and 2 reper and wh ch a
vesi%i of gree 2 By folle wing Ibese paths
(haw iif. hg grapes we defivmre We oe
fa) = v3,
Flug =Vva
Flus=y
Flugeys
F Cag) =
COemty | ea (s0mn0» pliers blu GA &
¥, Wa “yg Ue “US 4% WM. ve
“W@ @ gf) jj 4 WBrlOr Oy 4
“410 06 1 o lu! “sl 0° ott 1
27 | | ° 10 we 1°
"io | 6 6 lt O81 oc 6
Mar | eee ear: Vet \,a0 76 ow
=~
Coummtiong Poths belwees Vetius
Teoreme
|
ety be a graph wrlle adj army conebing
‘AY wit respect Ww Me oveleniong 1,94 3:-.
C wile chimera oF Cnrolimectioh edges
elger & Aeops atlo wed >.
wills mrutiplePhe meerben of hiflerent palla of Linge
Y Prom & le j where ¥ Ms a pesilive Ihages
qe le Ci, joue eng of. AZ
BF Hoy nary partes of Anyth ave sere
Frown 6 loch im hi fimple Joaph @
a b eb ec 8
afoe 1 170
G
As. Pl. Oe)
e]1 0 6,
ale. 1o
A c
2 io
1 e@ oy
no oO
o\ to
a
A 2002 aie ee
022 of ; AO
o2 2 0 ot © Oo
ao So 2 Qo og
Ke tose 1g proved by mrnthinnabtat oda
on henge of the “pate
het G be a pets wills adj acemey noel A-
heb VY, Va -~- Vn be he 0- orclered veri of ©
for Lumnglls 4 pols hb verte is Inte 5 Smee Ie
nunbor of paths from va Ww Vi of Langit: 4 is
Oe 4S embry FA. Becae Me entiy it he
number of ge favre vy ls vy.
|Assume Lat le reontk 's lui ha paths of hong
Vike he PMs enbey of AP is hg nrunber %
Afferent peths of Legit y fw of va ls ye
Now we bare be prove that the reste fs lve
dr Tt
Now if
te Ona arn
Az | Mat tat: evihen
i \
An ana ano
and if
bia bin
ba, ban ban :
bra bon
Iku Ibe Ci, ls en WE EE 45
Atl gr
= AA 7s
bi ait bearajt - ++ + ben Maj 7
A path ot dings: at frore va le vj is wade up !
ote potl of Aung ile a drome Va ls some Snr
mascots vers vy andan edye trom Vy le ye
Ay mo. of Such path is the pr decet- of mo-of
othe ef Leng + Trova Va lo Vy wlvch 16 bch
and of edges Loom Yew Wy namely 4K)
So thi bh mo. of patl> of Lenghic vt Reon ve lo’
vy is
bg iby t+ bea Oats by any which Fs the
seacinaanaaaiaa ial iii ellCe pris embry of 47"!
Alemee, (he mes. is rue for all values
Eee
No of pally of Aumalk Promo Va LO vy
C
CA, Pls erty of AX
Fudin smc Wenitliory Pats
ON
On enter circuit tor oe graph ik & Sinmmpl
Gruut tm & graph Ge @ Simple Ciresai |
fOr Binning every edge f O A ergs, pads
& ise Simple pale Comba every edge
Fa :
bee b
& abeedea
iS Om enter ArH inn G&
|
e et |
(ay
& b
adbaedch
oem enlin pak ima
@ a ©
a
a b
BY RUILE Kare an enter pais
- MOT Om euler ume
¢ 4
(€)agebghedhfa
g
ts jane euler -cires &
t a
e a
(Ad
a be ‘i NI
vies haretan enix polk ror
On enler Ure
|
a . * i
@® . i
at b |
adeabe :
Som enter, pale
a c tt
(2)
Theorem a
O Comme edd mrttigonph will atleast bso
Ss
a zt : : ; degree ~
abdghj bkghacbeifea
é
Thtorein 2
A connre cdial me groph ban om coher
po: bat mot an exter cient if avrol onty
Bit ban Laie verlias of colldg ree.A curd 6 ave bio vers of
odd deg ree end mo obey
vertiin Lene odd degree trmphie,
é ee hen on enti pail:
Abadceh is an enter pelt.
ov veges
o
{ e
band d Arve ocd vetivs, |
b9abegladfed 1s ha
Oa done Kee om toler patle
Slonee every wile ber odd degre.
Euler cinnili and pala wi Some al
>
Sirnp & goephs
4) Compl graphs Ckr)
euler pow
ko| ai
Qe —
ks
» Cycler (Co? : |
Cher Oh ntwil
\
eur Uren
&
cS
i oe
|
cf i
D Wheel» (wn) a
neiler bane ew erbew path nov
enter cient
Ws
Reith Reve em enter pete nor erlin
athe:
wa
RU Wwe Om cuter potk roy,
Ubin canulA) n- bes (9)
eo x
me os \ Cokes pathy
Den
02 0°}
eatin cineuil
io ' cc j
> j
asa 216 |
7 ' 3 4
& graph G (het panes Morocigl every vesen
enerctly Orie 1S calles! 2 Hawillen Crwta
he Simnnple peu roms, ay. -- Rrdp, de, ber
he geoph = (2) tse Hallon a if
Ve { xo, x, ° yar, Mn} and ace +2; hor og nee
and Me sinnrple arent HO, k), Ba. - nen
Ayan, Ka, Ay (6 & bewillenr ean F
Mee My 6+ yet, %n "We a Keni Lhe pohabedea i562 Harillen aacsit
abcdis a Howler poll
c
a b 4
neiher hove Horntlonm
bret NOT Hans Ler
Pol.
a e e +
Dirar's Tromens
LO 1s w dimple gor wille m-verbus wile
N23 ath Sadr thar bhr digrec of every wero
im is ot Lean rfp, em bene Hows blo Cree
Beer of Mirads Wrertire.
Dene of veslius ;
aza, \ ne me
a 7) v éV,RAZ]
a
GQ Setushe: othe comilors xf Dirac
Lavreve Hence & bier & Herr tionrs Cun.
n=8
a4
By
Acad e+ dCb)>4
fAchebagf (Sa Hellen elatuk:
Ores thawreng
Eis 6 simnple goeph wills nm verliod , wit
N23 sued. that dlu+ dtw an Le oveny
Para of mon-atjatent wiliur u &V ImG
hen Gr har © Hartley Crenrit
Alar +ACA)- 4435924
ALA Ale) = 9
Altbrdced= 9
ACb) + ACg)= 8 27
4Ce)+ alad= 2
Ade) eAch)=t Sd
f Vo dca aacane
aCe) & aC =9Ihe & Sclishy ote consli Ulows of Ove's heorere
Here O fern Yew blo etanuk