Kysie Marie P.
Talatayod April 01, 2024
BS Psychology Psychological Statistics
1. A sample of n = 9 individuals participates in a repeated-measures study that produces a sample
mean difference of MD = 4.25 with SS = 128 for the difference scores.
a. Calculate the standard deviation for the sample of difference scores.
128/8
S2= 16
S= 4
b. Calculate the estimated standard error for the sample mean difference
S=4
N=9
4/√ 9
1
4/3
1.33
2. When you get a surprisingly low price on a product do you assume that you got a
really good deal or that you bought a low-quality product? Research indicates that
you are more likely to associate low price and low quality if someone else makes the
purchase rather than yourself (Yan and Sengupta, 2011). In a similar study, n = 16
participants were asked to rate the quality of low-priced items under two scenarios:
purchased by a friend or purchased yourself. The results produced a mean difference
of MD = 2.6 and SS= 135, with self-purchases rated higher.
a. Is the judged quality of objects significantly different for self-purchases than for
purchases made by others? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05.
STEP 1:
Ho: Md = 0 (There is no significant difference on the judged quality between self-
purchases and friend’s purchases.)
H1: Md ≠ 0 (There is a significant difference on the judged quality between self-
purchases and friend’s purchases.)
STEP 2:
t(15)= ±2.131(at α = .05, two tailed)
STEP 3:
t= Md -μd/Smd
2.6-0
135/15
S2=9
S=3
3/√16
3/4
0.75
2.6-0/.75
t=3.47
STEP 4
:
The t statistic is in the critical region, so we reject Ho.
There is a significant difference on the judged quality between self-purchases and
friend’s purchases, t(15)=3.47, p< 0.05, two tailed.
c. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the treatment effect.
Cohen’s d=Md /s
2.6/3
0.87 (Large Effect)
3. The stimulant Ritalin has been shown to increase attention span and improve
academic performance in children with ADHD (Evans et al., 2001). To demonstrate
the effectiveness of the drug, a researcher selects a sample of n = 20 children
diagnosed with the disorder and measures each child’s attention span before and
after taking the drug. The data show an average increase of attention span of MD =
4.8 minutes with a variance of s2 = 125 for the sample of difference scores.
a. Is this result sufficient to conclude that Ritalin significantly improves attention span?
Use a one tailed test with α = .05
STEP 1:
Ho: Md = 0 (The treatment has no significant effect)
H1: Md ≠ 0 (The treatment has a significant effect)
STEP 2:
t(19)= 1.729(at α = .05, one tailed)
STEP 3:
t= Md -μd/Smd
4.8-0
S2= 125
S= 11.18
11.18/√20
11.18/4.47
2.50
4.8-0/2.50
t=1.92
STEP 4:
The t statistic is in the critical region, so we reject Ho.
The treatment has a significant effect, t(20)=1.92, p< 0.05, one tailed.
4. Research results indicate that physically attractive people are also perceived as being
more intelligent (Eagly, Ashmore, Makhijani, & Longo, 1991). As a demonstration of this
phenomenon, a researcher obtained a set of 10 photographs, 5 showing men who were
judged to be attractive and 5 showing men who were judged to be unattractive. The
photographs were shown to a sample of n = 25 college students and the students were
asked to rate the intelligence of the person in the photo on a scale from 1 to 10. For
each student, the researcher determined the average rating for the 5 attractive photos
and the average for the 5 unattractive photos, and then computed the difference
between the two scores. For the entire sample, the average difference was MD = 2.7
(attractive photos rated higher) with s = 2.00.
a. Are the data sufficient to conclude that there was a significant difference in
perceived intelligence for the two sets of photos? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05.
STEP 1:
Ho: Md = 0 (There is no significant difference on the perceived intelligence between
attractive and unattractive faces)
H1: Md ≠ 0 (There is a significant difference on the perceived intelligence between
attractive and unattractive faces)
STEP 2:
t(24)=2.064 (at α = .05, two tailed)
STEP 3:
t= Md -μd/Smd
2.7-0
S=2
2/√25
2/5
0.4
2.7-0/.4
t= 6.75
STEP 4:
The t statistic is in the critical region, so we reject Ho.
There is a significant difference on the perceived intelligence between attractive and
unattractive faces, t(24)=6.75, p< 0.05, two tailed.
b. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the treatment effect
Cohen’s d=Md /s
2.7/2
1.35 (Very Large Effect)
5. The following data are from a repeated-measures study examining the effect of a
treatment by measuring a group of n = 6 participants before and after they receive
the treatment.
a. Is there a significant difference between the two sets of scores? Use a two-tailed
test with α = .05. Compute using Jamovi, show 4 step procedure with jamovi output
(make sure hypothesis is correctly chosen – one tailed or two tailed, click mean
difference, effect size, and descriptives) pasted in step 3.
STEP 1:
Ho: Md = 0 (The treatment has no significant effect)
H1: Md ≠ 0 (There treatment has a significant effect)
STEP 2:
T(5)=±2.571(at α = .05, two-tailed)
STEP 3:
Paired Samples T-Test
Paired Samples T-Test
Mean SE Effect
statistic df p
difference difference Size
Before After Student's Cohen's
-3.00 5.00 0.030 -3.00 1.00 -1.22
Treatment Treatment t d
Note. Hₐ μ Measure 1 - Measure 2 ≠ 0
Descriptives
N Mean Median SD SE
Before Treatment 6 4.33 4.50 1.75 0.715
After Treatment 6 7.33 7.50 1.21 0.494
STEP 4:
The t statistic is in the critical region, so we reject Ho.
The treatment has a significant effect, t(5)=-3.00, p< 0.05, two tailed.
6. A study showed that students had more academic problems following
nights with less than average sleep compared to nights with more than
average sleep (Gillen-O’Neel, Huynh, & Fuligni, 2013). Suppose a researcher
is attempting to replicate this study using a sample of n = 8 college freshmen.
Each student records the amount of study time and amount of sleep each
night and reports the number of academic problems each day. The following
data show the results from the study.
a. Is there a significant difference between the two sets of scores? Use a two-
tailed test with α = .05. Compute using Jamovi, show 4 step procedure with
jamovi output (make sure hypothesis is correctly chosen – one tailed or two
tailed, click mean difference, effect size, and descriptives) pasted in step 3.
STEP 1:
Ho: Md = 0 (There is no significant difference on the number of academic problems)
H1: Md ≠ 0 (There is a significant difference on the number of academic problems)
STEP 2:
T(7)=±2.365(at α = .05, two tailed)
STEP 3:
Paired Samples T-Test
Paired Samples T-Test
Mean SE Effect
statistic df p
difference difference Size
Above Below
Student's Cohen's
Average Average -1.21 7.00 0.264 -2.00 1.65 -0.429
t d
Sleep Sleep
Note. Hₐ μ Measure 1 - Measure 2 ≠ 0
Descriptives
N Mean Median SD SE
Above Average Sleep 8 7.00 6.50 3.12 1.10
Below Average Sleep 8 9.00 7.50 3.78 1.34
STEP 4:
The t statistic is not in the critical region, so we accept Ho.
There is no significant difference on the number of academic problems between
student’s with above average sleep and below average sleep, t(7)=-1.21, p< 0.05, two
tailed.