UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD
III. Complete the sentences with the correct tense or form of the verbs in the box.
master imitate simplify operate guess
translate look up pick up get by memorize
1. Each night I tried ______ long lists of verbs.
2. Would anyone like ______ what this word means?
3. She ______ Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
4. The key to ______ a foreign language is PRACTICE it as much as possible.
5. The word ‘fast’ can ______ as a verb, a noun, an adjective and an adverb.
6. I think it’s very difficult for an Englishman ______ a real American accent.
7. ‘Merci’ in French ______ as ‘thank you’ in English.
8. Some US spellings ______ over the years, e.g. color, harbor, program.
9. “If you ______ every new word you see or hear, you will spend your whole day with the dictionary in your
hand.”
10. My French is really hopeless, so I was glad to discover that I could ______ in simple English in Paris.
IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Learning the English parts of _______ is a must if you want to learn grammar.
a. speech b. accent c. dialogue d. tone
2. Your thesis wouldn’t get across if you used too many _______ terms in it.
a. legal b. technical c. general d. specific
3. Chinese and English are both _______ languages of Hong Kong under the Hong Kong Basic Law.
a. original b. foreign c. official d. first
4. Australian English is spoken as the _______ language by most people in Australia.
a. foreign b. first c. second d. international
5. In China, Japan and Vietnam, English is spoken as a(n) _______ language.
a. second b. foreign c. official d. primary
6. The college offers a five-week French _______ program in which the students will hear and use only French.
a. massive b. literacy c. long-term d. immersion
7. Another feature is _______ of vocabulary that allows English to admit words freely from other languages and
to create compounds and derivatives.
a. flexibility b. dominance c. openness d. establishment
8. _______ to the United States have to pass a test of competence in English.
a. Migrants b. Migration c. Immigration d. Immigrants
9. A _______ dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to
another.
a. monolingual b. bilingual c. trilingual d. multilingual
10. Besides Spanish, her _______ tongue, she can also speak Portuguese and English.
a. accient b. foreign c. first d. mother
V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense to form conditional sentences type 2.
1. If I _______ (be) you, I _______ (practice) English more often in order not to be rusty.
2. I _______ (forget) my worksheet at home if my mother _______ (not remind) me.
3. If Sara _______ (have) a good handwriting, I _______ (understand) her texts!
4. If my computer _______ (function) properly, I _______ (use) it more often.
5. If Amy _______ (can) speak two languages, she _______ (apply) for a job at the Multicultural Center.
6. If you _______ (lose) your Iphone, what _______ (you/ do)?
7. If Bill _______ (tidy) up his room every day, it _______ (not be) in a mess.
8. I _______ (travel) to the UK or another English-speaking country if I _______ (speak) better English.
9. Mark _______ (not get) such bad marks if he _______ (study) hard enough.
10. If Samatha _______ (not have) a job, she _______ (not pay) for the bills.
VI. Read the situation and write a sentence with "If".
1. You never check your writing, so you make a lot of mistakes.
If _________________________________________________________________________
2. I never do my homework, so my teacher always gets angry with me.
If _________________________________________________________________________
3. She doesn’t have any friends, so she feels lonely.
If _________________________________________________________________________
4. Katie is usually tired because she works too much.
If _________________________________________________________________________
5. This boy eats too much snacks. That’s why he is so fat.
If _________________________________________________________________________
6. We can’t attend English class because we don’t have time.
If _________________________________________________________________________
7. He doesn’t watch horror films because he has a weak heart.
If _________________________________________________________________________
8. I think you should spend more time reading English books.
If _________________________________________________________________________
9. Mai often talks to foreigners. That’s why she is fluent in English.
If _________________________________________________________________________
10. I can’t reply his email because I don’t know German.
If _________________________________________________________________________
VII. Choose the correct answers.
1. You will be fined heavily if you _______ the speed limit.
a. have exceed b. are exceeding c. will exceed d. exceed
2. If John _______ hard, he could pass the examination.
a. works b. worked c. has worked d. had worked
3. I can’t understand what he is saying. If he spoke clearly, I _______ more.
a. will understand b. wouldn’t understand
c. could understand d. didn’t understand
4. If the weather _______ fine tomorrow, we may go for a swim.
a. is b. were c. will be d. would be
5. You will fail your exams if you _______ working harder.
a. start b. will start c. don’t start d. didn’t started
6. If my modem _______ I would send you an email.
a. broke down b. didn’t break down
c. were broken down d. weren’t broken down
7. You can start looking at the next unit if you _______ Exercise 5.
a. finished b. have finished c. would finish d. will finish
8. If there _______ any water on the Earth, life _______.
a. isn’t - will not begin b. was - would begin
c. wasn’t - wouldn’t begin d. not be - won’t begin
9. If temperatures _______, forest fires _______ more frequent.
a. rise - will become b. will rise - become
c. rose - would become d. don’t rise - could become
10. If you _______ a plane to Neptune, it _______ nearly 290 years to get there.
a. would fly - took b. flew - would take c. fly - will take d. will fly - can take
VIII. Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun.
1. This is the town _______ I spent my summer vacation.
2. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
3. The student _______ father is a professor told us to register for this course.
4. I didn’t know exactly _______ I was working with on the project.
5. Enter the address of the person to _______ you want to forward the message.
6. The children, _______ are shouting in the street, are not from our school.
7. The neighborhood in _______ they have been living is a somewhat dangerous one.
8. I really enjoyed the time _______ we went to English class together.
9. I saw John in the shop _______ you bought your watch.
10. Nobody knows the reason _______ he tried to master his English.
11. Brussels, _______ I’ve visited several times recently, is a good place to spend a weekend.
12. I’ve never seen anyone _______ can kick the ball as hard as David can!
13. 1969 was _______ the first men went to the Moon.
14. After the port there is a row of fisherman’s houses, _______ lights can be seen from across the bay.
15. Kate love being in London, _______ there was so much to do.
IX. Make a defining relative clause from the two sentences.
1. Social media networks are an excellent tool. You can use them to promote your business.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high street.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last summer.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. That’s the hotel. We stayed there for our honeymoon.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. I couldn’t find the man. I’d taken his case by mistake.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. Jeanny phoned me yesterday. I was in conference with my clients then.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. The tree only grows in the rainforest. This drug is obtained from it.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. People often have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of leisure time.
____________________________________________________________________________
9. His refusal to tell her the truth is the reason. That’s why she is so angry with him.
____________________________________________________________________________
10. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this weekend.
____________________________________________________________________________
X. Make a non-defining relative clause from the two sentences.
1. Mr. Dean had a long list of misconducts. He had recently been fired.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. The victims are being identified by the US authorities. Most of them were adults.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Naxos is my favorite island. I’ve visited it several times recently.
____________________________________________________________________________
4. The football player doesn’t want to talk about his future. His contract finishes at the end of the season.
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Between 2000 and 2005 she wrote three novels. None of them were published.
____________________________________________________________________________
6. The village of Baydon has now become part of the town. I lived there as a child.
____________________________________________________________________________
7. The new boss seems to be a very capable woman. I met her yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________________
8. December is a summer month for the southern hemisphere. Christmas is celebrated then.
____________________________________________________________________________
9. Graceland Mansion was opened to the public as a museum on June 7,1982. It was once owned by Elvis
Presley.
____________________________________________________________________________
10. An Austrian naturalist discovered this particular orchid. I worked closely with him in the Eighties.
___________________________________________________________________________D.
READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.
nationalities power dialects derived
spread
The term "English" is (1) _______ from Anglisc, the speech of the Angles – one of the three Germanic tribes
that invaded England during the fifth century. The English language is the (2) _______ language of several
countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and many of its former colonies, and
the United States, and the (3) _______ language in a number of multilingual countries, including India, Singapore,
and the Philippines. It’s an official language in several African countries as well, such as Liberia, Nigeria, and
South Africa, but is spoken (4) _______ in more than 100. It’s learned around the world by children in school as a
foreign language and often becomes a common denominator between people of different (5) _______ when they
meet while traveling, doing business, or in other contexts.
According to Christine Kenneally in her book The First Word, “Today there are about 6,000 languages in the
world, and half of the world’s population speaks only 10 of them. English is the single most (6) _______ of these
10. British colonialism initiated the spread of English across the globe; it has been spoken nearly everywhere and
has become even more prevalent since World War II, with the global reach of American (7) _______.”
The influence of the English language has also (8) _______ globally through American pop culture, music,
movies, advertising, and TV shows.
Just as the United States has regional (9) _______ and there are differences in pronunciation and words in
British and American English, the language has local (10) _______ around the world: American, British, Canadian,
Caribbean, Euro-English, Hinglish, Indian, Irish, Nigerian, Scottish, Singapore, Zimbabwean, etc.
II. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
English as a global language
People often talk about English as a global language or lingua franca. With more than 350 million people
around the world speaking English as a first language and more than 430 million speaking it as a second language,
there are English speakers in most countries around the world. Why is English so popular, though? And why has it
become a global language?
People often call English the international language of business, and it’s increasingly true as international trade
expands every year, bringing new countries into contact. Most multinational companies require a certain degree of
English proficiency from potential employees so in order to get a position with a top company, more and more
people are learning English.
If your ambitions lie in science or medicine, you can’t neglect English either. Much of the technical
terminology is based on English words, and if you want to learn about the latest developments and discoveries
from around the world, you’ll read about them in journals and research reports published in English, no matter
whether the scientists who wrote them are from China or Norway.
If you want a career in travel, English is absolutely essential. As the international language of aviation, pilots
and cabin crew all need to speak English. Even if you’re not up in the air, speaking English accurately will ensure
you are able to communicate with clients and suppliers all over the world.
So, what’s stopping you from learning this global language? With all the English resources available on the
internet and so many other English speakers around the world to practice with, there’s never been a better time to
start learning English. Pick up a book, learn a few words, or even start a course today and take your first steps
towards becoming one of nearly 800 million English speakers in the world.
(From [Link]/blog/english-in-the-real-world)
A. Choose the correct answers.
1. What is the best meaning of lingua franca?
a. A language that is most spoken around the world.
b. A language used mostly in academia and business
c. A language used for communication between people of different native languages.
d. A language used by particular groups of people, especially in their work
2. The word “proficiency” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
a. ability b. talent c. experience d. fluency
3. What does the phrase “technical terminology” mean?
a. The skills needed for a particular subject or activity.
b. The use of a system of communication which consists of written symbols.
c. Words and phrases used in special ways by particular groups of people.
d. Special words or expressions used in a particular subject or field.
4. The word "neglect" in paragraph 3 means .
a. to pay no attention to b. to not give enough attention to
c. to show no care or respect d. to be unable to remember
5. What is the best meaning of “aviation” as used in the sentence “As the international language of aviation...” in
paragraph 4?
a. flight b. travel c. instruction d. communication
6. The noun “steps” used in the phrase “take your first steps” means .
a. feet b. movements c. actions d. stages
B. Answer the questions.
1. How many people in the world speak English as their mother tongue?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Where is English spoken?
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Is English the global language of business?
____________________________________________________________________________
4. What qualification is required to work in most multinational companies?
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Why is English important if you want to pursue a medical career?
____________________________________________________________________________
6. What language do international pilots speak?
____________________________________________________________________________
7. Is speaking English fluently necessary if you are on the ground staff? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
8. Where can people get all the English resources?
____________________________________________________________________________II. Write the
second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word in capital.
1. This supervisor professor helped me a lot during my study in the College. (WHO)
This is________________________________________________________________________
2. Janet learned a few words of French when she was in Paris last year. (UP)
Janet_________________________________________________________________________
3. My best friend Ali can speak English fluently. (IN)
My___________________________________________________________________________
4. We met Dan for the first time at an Italian restaurant that we found eventually. (WHERE)
We eventually__________________________________________________________________
5. Cullen can speak both Chinese and English perfectly. (BILINGUAL)
Cullen________________________________________________________________________
6. Some of the many people we questioned gave us good description of the robber. (WHOM)
We questioned_________________________________________________________________
7. Matha has lived in Poland for two years, but she can only speak basic Polish. (GET)
Although Matha________________________________________________________________
8. The train was extremely crowded and stopped at every station. (WHICH)
The train,______________________________________________________________________
9. I haven’t practiced English for ages, so I’m not as good at it as I used to be. (RUSTY)
My English____________________________________________________________________
10. An doesn’t go abroad for higher education because he doesn’t have enough money. (IF)
An___________________________________________________________________________
TEST YOURSELF 3
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. a. session b. mission c. issue d. dessert
2. a. bowl b. narrow c. owner d. vowel
3. a. bilingual b. flexible c. variety d. versatile
4. a. recipe b. official c. accent d. celery
5. a. varied b. dipped c. picked d. sliced
IV. Complete the sentences with the words/ phrases from the box.
simmer breathtaking garnish bilingual native speaker
voyage break the bank derivative full board dialect
1. The views of Ha Long Bay from Bai Tho mountain are truly ______ .
2. Since she is ______ she has written them in both English and Spanish.
3. Cover the skillet and ______ gently for 10 minutes until the fruit is plump and soft.
4. The word “Childhood” is a ______ of “child.”
5. If you book ______ you will receive breakfast, lunch and dinner.
6. Her English accent is so good, you would think she was a ______ .
7. With her southern ______ , the young woman’s way of addressing her friends was by saying “ya’ll.”
8. Place the steaks on a hot serving plate, pour over the sauce and ______ with mint.
9. Discount hotel coupons are a great way to go away at a price that won’ t ______ !
10. The ______ from England to India via the Cape of Good Hope took six months at least.
V. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. The cave was created by river water eroding ________ the limestone underneath a mountain,
a. over b. from c. through d. away
2. Some people seem to ________ a second language with relative ease, while others have a much more difficult
time.
a. go for b. break out c. get by with d. pick up
3. When we were in ________ New York City, we went on ________ one-day sightseeing tour around ________
city.
a. the/ a/ the b. Ø/ an/ the c. Ø/ a/ the d. the/ a/ Ø
4. The epic film ‘Dances With Wolves’ was directed by Kevin Costner, ________ plays Lt. John J. Dunbar.
a. that b. who c. which d. whose
5. The video shows how to break a ________ of cauliflower into individual pieces.
a. bunch b. stick c. head d. clove
6. These tourists can speak ________ English, so it’s very difficult to communicate with them.
a. some b. little c. a little d. not any
7. If our ________ makes it difficult for others to understand us, then we should seek ways to improve our
pronunciation.
a. accent b. tone c. dialect d. language
8. ________ they are delicious, hamburgers and French fries are too high in fat.
a. Although b. Because c. Despite d. However
9. ________ the meat into small cubes about 2cm square and put it into a stewpan with the water.
a. Slice b. Chop c. Mince d. Peel
10. “Do you find it interesting to travel alone?” “ ________”
a. You’re welcome, b. Never mind. c. What a pity! d. No, not at all.
VI. Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. Son Doong Cave ______ (find) in 1991 by a local man named Ho Khanh.
2. Gershman ______ (visit) Paris many times, but never lived there.
3. I ______ (enjoy) my book so much that I ______ (not notice) that the train had stopped.
4. They ______ (just/ start) their walk when it ______ (begin) to pour with rain.
5. If we ______ (not respect) the environment, we ______ (have) a lot of problems in the future.
6. Give my jacket back, you ______ (always/ wear) my clothes!
7. Nobody ______ (visit) Rome without going to see the ruins of the Roman Forum.
8. Sheila and I ______ (work) on a project all day.
9. In Vietnam, English ______ (teach) as a foreign language for a long time.
10. If I could live wherever I wanted to, I ______ (choose) to live on a Scottish island.
11. Janet is a vegetarian and she would rather ______ (eat) vegetables than meat.
12. You’ve probably spent years ______ (try) ______ (learn) how to speak English.
X. Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.
Do you skip breakfast most mornings? If you’re (1) _______ most kids, you probably do! A new school year
can be a good time to get (2) _______ the habit of eating a healthful breakfast, say experts. Recent studies show
that eating breakfast (3) _______ both your health and your brainpower. "Breakfast supplies children with the (4)
_______ they need and fuels them for a day of learning," nutrition expert Virginia Campbell told Weekly Reader.
Did you know that the word breakfast means "break the fast"? (5) _______ you’re asleep at night, you’re
fasting, or not eating. You "break the fast" when you eat a morning meal. Breakfast (6) _______ , or restores, the
energy that is lost after a night’s sleep. That is (7) _______ it is often called the most important meal of the day.
Studies show that kids who eat a (8) _______ breakfast learn better, pay (9) _______ attention in class, and are
less likely to miss school. Experts also say that kids who eat breakfast are less likely to overeat later in the day.
That is good news. (10) _______ regular exercise, eating breakfast can lower the risk of becoming obese, or
severely overweight.
1. a. alike b. likely c. like d. likable
2. a. over b. on c. into d. by
3. a. maintains b. deteriorates c. recovers d. boosts
4. a. nutrition b. nutrients c. nutritionists d. nutritious
5. a. While b. Since c. Though d. Whether
6. a. reassures b. restrains c. replaces d. replenishes
7. a. why b. which c. when d. where
8. a. hearty b. healthful c. quick d. cooked
9. a. some b. greater c. much d. more
10. a. Thanks to b. Because of c. Involved in d. Along with
XI. Read the text carefully, then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) and choose the
correct answers.
The coronavirus pandemic could cut up to 50 million jobs worldwide in the travel and tourism industry. This is
according to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). The tourism industry could shrink by up to 25 per
cent. Many people are staying at home and not travelling. Many people cannot travel as more and more countries
are taking action to fight COVID-19. This action includes closing borders, requiring people self-quarantine for 14
days after arriving in a country, and banning flights from other countries. The head of the WTTC said the
pandemic, "clearly presents a significant threat to the industry as a whole, to those employed within it, and those
wishing to continue travelling".
The tourism industry makes up 10 per cent of the world’s GDP and jobs. It is one of the industries hardest hit
by the COVID-19 virus. Airlines, cruise ships and hotels have suffered big losses. Korean Air has warned that the
coronavirus could threaten its survival. Australia’s Qantas has reduced its international flights by nearly 25 per cent
because of the outbreak. World-famous sites are deserted. This could cause restaurants and cafes to go out of
business as tourists stay away from crowded places. Tourism is a key industry in Hawaii. Experts there predict that
over half of Hawaii’s hotel rooms will be empty over the next few months. The WTTC said that tourism would
take 10 months to recover after the virus.
(From [Link]
1. Over 50 million jobs have been lost in the tourism industry.
2. The WTTC said the tourism industry could become 25 per cent smaller.
3. Countries are asking people to self-quarantine for 14 weeks.
4. The head of a tourist organisation said the virus won’t threaten tourism.
5. Ten per cent of the world’s GDP and jobs comes from tourism.
6. Korean Airlines is confident it will survive the coronavirus crisis.
7. Qantas airlines is only putting on 25% of its international flights.
8. Tourism could take 10 months to recover after the virus has gone.
9. What does the text mainly discuss?
a. The global spread of the deadly coronavirus outbreak
b. Factors contributed to the decline in tourism
c. Coronavirus’s effect on the travel and tourism industry
d. The industries hit by the COVID-19 pandemic
10. What are countries banning from other countries?
a. borders b. people c. tourists d. flights
11. The word "deserted" in the second paragraph means ________.
a. empty of people b. left and no longer used
c. extremely dry and sunny d. full of tourists
12. It can be inferred from the passage that the travel and tourism industry _______.
a. has been slightly affected by the spread of coronavirus
b. is severely damaged due to coronavirus outbreak
c. will be recovered in ten months’ time
d. is expected to emerge stronger in the future
[Link] the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word(s) in
capital.
1. We study an ancient Greek writer Homer in translation. (WHO)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
2. Jan wasn’t late for his music lesson. (TIME)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3. Carol thought the accident was less serious than it was. (MORE)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
4. Have you decided where you’re going for your holiday this year? (MIND)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
5. "I won’t open my present until my birthday," Keith said. (PROMISED)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
6. Sitting too long at the computer will make your back and arms ache. (IF)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7. My aunt and uncle used to work in that company. (THAT’S)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
8. Some people prefer going abroad for holidays to traveling in their own countries. (WOULD RATHER)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
9. "Did anyone notice anything unusual?" asked the police officer. (WANTED)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. I’m learning English because I want to get a good job when I finish my studies. (SO THAT)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________