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Integrated SecGuard (ISG): An Arduino-based Monitoring and Warning System

for Crime Prevention and Mitigation

Executive Summary

The main objective of this study is to develop an innovative AI based Arduino

to mitigate or lessen the incidents of crime. The focus of this proposed system is to

create a robust and adaptive security system that will effectively deters

unauthorized entry. The study will involve designing, implementing, and evaluating

a crime incidence management system. The proposed system will utilize reliable

power sources, including sustainable options, and incorporate a warning system

mechanism to promptly alert residents and authorities. The study seeks to enhance

crime incidence management by increasing advanced technology for real time

monitoring and intervention, contributing to improved community safety.

I. Background

A crime is an act committed by a person in violation of national ground or

when someone breaks the law overtly or through an omission or neglect, which

may lead to a penalty (Alvarez et al., 2021). A person is considered to have

committed a criminal offence when they break the law or a regulation (Montaldo,

2021).

In the US, in terms of property crimes, which include larceny, theft,

burglary, and theft of motor vehicles, the rate increased to 1,954.4 incidents in

2022 from 1,832.3 incidents in 2021. Since the rate had been declining nearly

constantly since the 1990s, this was the first increase in many years. While the

number of burglaries continued to decline, since 2020 and 2021, respectively, the

rates of motor vehicle theft and the more common category of larceny-theft have

been rising (Buchholz, 2023). While, in the Philippines, a data published by

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Statista Research Department, 2023, there were roughly 30,200 crime incidents on

file as of September 2023. The National Capital Region (NCR) and Region 4-A had

the highest number of crime incidents among all the regions. Additionally, the

crime, violence, and terrorist rate in the Philippines is moderately high. In

addition, the Philippines was among the nations with the highest rate of

incarceration per 100,000 people (Statista Research Department, 2023).

Furthermore, in Davao, according to the year-end data provided by the Police

Regional Office-Davo Region (PRO-Davao), the region recorded a total of 23,366

index crime incidents. This includes murder, homicide, physical injury, rapee,

robbery, theft, and carnapping.

Current approach to mitigate and lessen the crime incidents include the use

of closed-circuit television or CCTV to monitor and record a building's activities as

well as those in its immediate vicinity. Stealing and vandalism are the main crimes

that these systems are meant to prevent. However, security cameras won't stop

those who are adamant about committing crimes (Wilson, 2022).

This study addresses the problem of inadequate crime prevention. Crime

incidences have become rampant, especially in today's society, and existing

prevention methods often lack warning systems. The absence of proactive

measures increases the vulnerability of communities. The study seeks to tackle this

problem by proposing the development a crime incidence management system. This

system aims to fill the existing gaps in traditional approaches by using motion

sensors, camera, GPS, and other advanced technologies to provide apt data and

warning systems, reducing the incidence of crime.

The proposed system is an AI-enabled Arduino based solution that

incorporates motion sensor for detecting movement, cameras for recording. The

system also integrates an AI-enabled Arduino for data analysis and interpretation,
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while an early warning system disseminates alerts. To sustain continuous

operation, a power supply, including batteries and solar panels is implemented,

thereby enhancing the system's effectiveness in preventing landslides and

contributing to community's security and safety.

II. Beneficiaries

Residential Users. Residents are the primary beneficiaries of the proposed

system. The proposed system contributes to enhanced security measures,

providing up-to-date warning systems, reducing the risk of unauthorized entry, and

improving overall safety within their homes.

Commercial Establishments. Businesses can secure their premises more

effectively, protecting valuable assets and minimizing potential losses due to

crimes.

Institutions and Organizations. By utilizing this system, schools,

hospitals, and other institutions can create a safer environment for everyone,

ensuring the security of both physical properties and individuals.

Government and Emergency Responders. Faster and more accurate

detection of security incidents aids government and Emergency Responders in

preparing and responding effectively to situations that require their intervention.

Future Researchers. This proposed system is a useful reference for future

Researchers, it will serve as a starting point for comparing and improving security

solutions. The proposed system also addresses ethical considerations, contributing

industry standards providing a concise roadmap for Researchers exploring

advancements in integrated security systems.

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III. Proposed Solution to the Problems Presented

This paper aims to develop a crime incidence control monitoring and

warning systems using motion sensor, magnetic door switch and camera to provide

timely data. By utilizing such a system, crime incidents, becomes easily monitored,

issue warnings, and provide appropriate measures to reduce the incidents of crime,

especially burglaries.

Integrated SecGuard (ISG) is a modern solution against Crime Incidence.

This is the general outline of the proposed solution:

Integrated SecGuard
(ISG:

AI-Based Arduino

Data Analysis

Warning System

Improved Crime
Response
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Figure I. Conceptual Diagram of the Proposed Solution

System Design and Setup

Choose a suitable Arduino based on the project requirements.

Choose the appropriate monitoring sensors to detect unauthorized entry.

Connect the sensors to the Arduino board using suitable interfaces and wiring.

Data Acquisition and Processing

Program the Arduino board to read and convert the data collected by the sensor to

understand.

Store the obtained data in the Arduino's memory and transmit it to the external

device.

Data Visualization and Analysis

Create a user-friendly interface to present the acquired data seamlessly.

Utilize sophisticated data analysis techniques to analyze patterns of sensor to

triggers over time to distinguish between regular activities and potential intrusions.

Power Supply and System Reliability

The proposed system will utilize battery (Lithium Polymer batteries) to store energy

collected by the solar panels.

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IV. Methodology

A. Materials

Arduino Mega. Arduino Mega will be used for this proposed system.

Figure II. Arduino Mega

GSM Module. This device will be used to communicate and provide alerts to the
residents via Short Message Service (SMS)

Figure III: GSM Module

LED. These will be programmed to activate when certain conditions, such as

movement are detected, signaling a potential crime risk.

Figure IV: LED

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Solar Panel. A device that convert light from the sun into electricity that can be

used to power electrical loads. This will be used to power the proposed system.

Figure V: Solar Panel

Lithium Polymer Batteries. This will be used to store the energy acquired from the

solar panels.

Figure VI: Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries

Infrared PIR Motion Sensor Module. This device allows you to detect the movement of

a person within a 6-meter range.

Figure VII: Infrared PIR Motion Sensor Module

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Camera Module. It is designed to capture images and videos when an intruder is

detected.

Figure VIII: Camera Module

Magnet Door Switch. This device is designed to alert you when doors, drawers, or

any other aperture opens.

Figure VIII: Camera Module

GPS Module. This device connects to GPS satellites to retrieve its location. Also

provides the current time and date.

Figure IX: GPS Module

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B. System Design

a. Determine the appropriate arduino board and necessary components based

on the project’s requirements such as, camera module, motion sensors (e.g.,

Infrared PIR Motion Sensor Module), and communication modules (e.g.,

GSM).

b. Create a circuit design and schematic layout for the component connections,

considering the integration of the communication module, power supply

needs, and sensor interfaces.

C. Hardware Implementation

a. Begin by assembling the components of the crime incidence system based on

the specified schematic diagram. This involves setting up cameras, magnetic

door switch, and movement sensors in accordance with the design.

b. Calibrate and test each sensor to guarantee precise measurements. For

motion sensors, verify their accuracy in detecting movements. Additionally,

ensure the magnetic door switch and cameras are calibrated to provide

reliable information.

c. Connect and configure a GSM module for establishing communication with a

central server or monitoring station to ensure that the collected data can be

transmitted in real-time, enabling prompt analysis and response.

Figure X: Schematic Diagram of the Arduino’s components and sensors

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D. Software Implementation

a. Develop an Arduino program that interfaces with motion sensors,

cameras, and magnetic door switch, transforming their raw signals into

meaningful data. This code ensures precise measurements for effective

potential crime monitoring.

b. Configure the system to transmit data using the selected communication

module. Modify the Arduino code to guarantee smooth delivery of sensor

information to a central control unit or monitoring station.

c. Integrate functionalities into the Arduino code that manage errors and record

data. This addition helps in identifying and resolving issues during data

collection and transmission.

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <TinyGPS++.h>

// Pin definitions
#define MOTION_SENSOR_PIN 2
#define BUZZER_PIN 3
#define DOOR_SWITCH_PIN 4
#define RED_LED_PIN 5
#define BLUE_LED_PIN 6
#define CAMERA_TRIGGER_PIN 7 // Pin to trigger image capture

// GSM module settings

#define GSM_RX_PIN 8
#define GSM_TX_PIN 9
#define GSM_RESET_PIN 10
#define GSM_BAUD_RATE 9600
#define RECIPIENT_NUMBER "+1234567890" // Replace with your recipient number

// GPS module settings

#define GPS_RX_PIN 11
#define GPS_TX_PIN 12
#define GPS_BAUD_RATE 9600

// Time thresholds
#define MOTION_TIMEOUT_MS 5000 // 5 seconds
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#define DOOR_TIMEOUT_MS 5000 // 5 seconds

// Initialize objects
SoftwareSerial gsmSerial(GSM_RX_PIN, GSM_TX_PIN);
TinyGPSPlus gps;

// Function prototypes
void sendSMS(String message);
void activateAlarm();
void deactivateAlarm();
void captureImage();

// Variables to track sensor states

bool motionDetected = false;
bool doorOpened = false;

// Timestamps for sensor triggers

unsigned long motionTriggerTime = 0;
unsigned long doorTriggerTime = 0;

void setup() {
pinMode(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(DOOR_SWITCH_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RED_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(BLUE_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(CAMERA_TRIGGER_PIN, OUTPUT);

// Initialize GSM module

[Link](GSM_BAUD_RATE);
[Link]("AT+CMGF=1"); // Set SMS mode to text
delay(1000);

// Initialize GPS module

[Link](GPS_BAUD_RATE);
}

void loop() {
// Check motion sensor
if (digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN) == HIGH) {
motionDetected = true;
motionTriggerTime = millis();
} else if (millis() - motionTriggerTime > MOTION_TIMEOUT_MS) {
motionDetected = false;
}

// Check door switch

if (digitalRead(DOOR_SWITCH_PIN) == HIGH) {
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doorOpened = true;
doorTriggerTime = millis();
} else if (millis() - doorTriggerTime > DOOR_TIMEOUT_MS) {
doorOpened = false;
}

// Intrusion detection
if (motionDetected && doorOpened) {
activateAlarm();
String message = "Intruder detected at your property!";
sendSMS(message);
captureImage();
delay(5000);
}

// Check GPS data

while ([Link]() > 0) {
if ([Link]()) {
String message = "Your property is located at: " +
String([Link](), 6) + ", " +
String([Link](), 6 + "," + String([Link]()) + "/" +
String([Link]()) + "/" +
String([Link]() + "," + String([Link]()) + ":" +
String([Link]()) + ":" + String([Link]());
sendSMS(message);
}
}
}

void sendSMS(String message) {

[Link]("AT+CMGS=\"");
[Link](RECIPIENT_NUMBER);
[Link]("\"");
delay(1000);
[Link](message);
[Link]((char)26);
delay(1000);
}

void activateAlarm() {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(BLUE_LED_PIN, HIGH);
delay(1000);
}

void deactivateAlarm() {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
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digitalWrite(RED_LED_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(BLUE_LED_PIN, LOW);
}

void captureImage() {
digitalWrite(CAMERA_TRIGGER_PIN, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(CAMERA_TRIGGER_PIN, LOW);
}

Figure XI. Arduino code for the device and its sensors

E. System Integration and Testing

a. Bring together the physical and digital parts of the system by integrating the

hardware and software components.

b. Verify that the system does what it's supposed to by running different tests.

This includes checking if the sensors give accurate readings and ensuring

that the data gets transmitted correctly.

c. Record how the tests are done, what the results are, and if any changes are

needed to be done.
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F. System Architecture

Crime Property

Heat from Sun

GPS Module

Magnet Door Switch Solar Panel

Camera Module

Infrared PIR
Motion Sensor
Module
Arduino Mega

LED

GSM Module Lithium Polymer Batter

Smartphone
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G. Block Diagram
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V. Cost Analysis

Table I.

Material Cost Estimates

Materials Cost

Arduino Mega 2560 R3 ₱2,315.82

PIR (motion) sensor ₱550.73

GSM Module ₱1,500.00

Solar Panel ₱500.00

LED ₱60.00

Magnetic Door switch ₱163.28

DC Converter ₱400.00

Rainfall Sensor ₱55.00

Lithium Polymer Battery ₱462.00

Accelerometer ₱1,672.00

₱1,315.00
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LCD

Miscellaneous Fees ₱7,500.00

TOTAL ₱16,493.80

Table II.

Research Activities and Cost Estimates

Tasks Start Date End Date Duration Cost

Research
Planning
22/02/24 08/03/24 15 ₱500.00

Expert
Consultation
08/03/24 24/04/24 47 ₱2,000.00

Data
Acquisition
10/03/24 18/03/24 8 ₱800.00

Device
Calibration
19/03/24 01/04/24 13 ₱16,493.80

Interpret the
Results
02/04/24 08/04/24 6 ₱500.00

Disseminate
the Results
09/04/24 12/04/24 3 ₱500.00

Interpret the
Feedback
13/04/24 13/05/24 30 ₱500.00

TOTAL 122 ₱21,293.80

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References

Alvarez, J. K., Hadjiri, F., Alfaro, R. G., Book, C., Pelisan, C. K., Bechavez, R. C.,
Molina, R., & Kong, J. (2021). Crime Rate in Zamboanga City: Before and
During Quarantine Period. International Journal of Academic Research in
Business and Social Sciences, 11(3), 1184-1199.

Bird, C. (2023, February 27). What is CCTV? and Its Applications. OHEAP Fire &
Security. [Link]
%20systems%20are%20typically%20used,referred%20to%20as%20video
%20surveillance.

Buchholz, K. (2023, October 18). Violent crime rates fall in the U.S. Statista Daily
Data. [Link]

Katharina Kiener-Manu. (2019, March). Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Module
2 Key issues: 2a- Detailed explanation of Tonry and Farrington’s typology.
[Link]
issues/[Link]

Montaldo, C. (2021, July 15). What constitutes a crime? ThoughtCo.

[Link]

Statista.(2023, December 21). Crime in the Philippines.

[Link]

Statista. (2024, February 28). Number of crimes incidents Philippines 2023, by

region. [Link]
crimes-by-region/#:~:text=As%20of%20September%202023%2C
%20about,focus%20and%20non%2Dfocus%20crimes.

Wilson, M. (2024, January 3). Advantages and disadvantages of using security

cameras. A1 Security Cameras.
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[Link]
using-security-cameras/