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Engineering Design Process for Design Application for Hotel Management

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 Engineering Design Process for Design Application for Hotel
Management
Saeed Shuaib Hussain Abdu
438018158@[Link]
Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Quran University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world and daily lives. Technology has created amazing
tools and resources, putting useful information at our fingertips.

Modern technology has paved the way for multi-functional devices like the smartwatch and the smartphone. Computers are
increasingly faster, more portable, and higher-powered than ever before. With all of these revolutions, technology has also
made our lives easier, faster, better, and more fun. The existed system is in that hotel is manual working. Using this many
problems can occur, for this system they used some bill books. That time any passenger came for enquiry or reservation they
need to check every reservation in the book, that is surly time-wasting process. Also, the man who is searching also important,
sometimes he may do some problems in the process. The goal of the project is to create an electronic platform that collects all
Hajj and Umrah services, from booking a hotel, comparing prices, and helping to provide the best offers for the user. The user
can also browse pictures and other services for the hotel.

I. INTRODUCTION many cities, there may be a great difficulty in reserving a

Hotel Management System operates a global online hotel place to park the car without delaying or wasting the time of
reservation system for business and leisure travelers. To the driver. Looking at the statistics provided so far, we can
compete with the international e-marketplace, a great deal of conclude that better intelligent parking management systems
attention should pay towards the optimization of user based on mobile application will be required to handle the
requirements to generate recommended hotel alternatives volume of cars.
[1]. In general sense, hotel management is the way of The objective of this project is to design and develop a
maintaining different activities of a hotel where a number of mobile application that helps drivers to book vacant parking
staffs are engaged to perform a number of these activities. At spaces for their vehicles, while linking this to equipment and
first let us take a glance to an ordinary hotel. For hiring a technologies that are installed within each garage to ensure
room in this type of hotel, the client needs to meet with the that we know that this place is vacant and reserved for this
receptionist to collect the information of hotel facilities [2]. driver. It also helps owners of garages to know statistics
After that he is to fill up the pro forma provided by the hotel about their garages and manage all the parking spaces in their
authority, then he has to pay the defined amount of money garages
and is offered room key for his/her rented room. He/she is
then finishing the formalities a reception zone through these
B. RELATED WORK
undergoing customs. But client always wants greater privacy
Managing hotel service is very complex, hence it involves job
and reliable security. Koolmanojwong et al. [3] developed an
of dealing with customers directly, purchases made by
intelligent e-marketplace for the tourism based on fuzzy to
customers and room reservation. The manual hotel
serve the customers who wants to travel but has no idea about
management is subdivided into section with each section
the accommodation [4]. This system is global in the sense
having specific tasks. These tasks will however from time to
that anyone can use this to find the appropriate hotel
time interact operationally to achieve organizational
according to his/her affordable means [5]. The details of the
objectives. The mode of interaction consists of all
hotel management systems including the franchising, health
characteristics of a typical manual system i.e. communication
Spas, payroll, credit, accounting control etc. are well
through verbal means, documents etc. This now leads to
described in [6]
computerization of hotel management [9]. The proposed
intelligent hotel management (IHM) system is free from a
A. PROBLEM STATEMENT significant number of hotel staffs that provides those facilities
With the growth in automobiles and with the great crowding and fewer formalities. In mal-populated countries dearth of
in many cities, there is difficulty in finding a vacant place for manpower is increasing gradually. Therefore, they have to
the driver to park his car. Despite the number of garages in import manpower from other countries. In this condition the
IHM can be a permanent solution. Moreover, it possesses he then collects and fills the guest registration card. This card
adequate security [7]. This system provides hi-tech room will contain information such as the name of the customer, the
facilities including auto controlled door, automatic light address, profession, passport number(if any), date of arrival,
controlling, voice active devices etc. Apart from these, it date of departure, the place of arrival and destination etc. on
prevents the waste of electric power as well as excessive water the same card, some spaces are reserved for official use. These
that are the main ideas used in this paper. A short version of are the places where the staff of the hotel will fill some pieces
Additionally, we have integrated a new image processing of information about the customer such as the room number
approach which accurately ensures the presence and darkness eventually allocated, the number of guest accompanying him
of the room to be occupied. The co-ordination of these the deposit rate of the room, the bill number and the signature
activities is quite cumbersome. For instance, the receptionist of the staff etc.
has a lot of enquiries to make, and as such, a lot of paper works Method of Allocation
to do. Some facts may exist in several documents in many Having collected the necessary information about the
forms, so that information retrieved is dependent on the customer, the receptionist now uses from the reservation chart
document referred to, some details of the receptionists to confirm which of the room sort by the customer is vacant
transactions with customers have to be forwarded to other and then allocates it to the customer. However, some
directions, for example, details of the number of days of customers are given privilege to select not only the type of
reservation booked by a customer has to be forwarded to room sort, but also the particular room sort under that type.
account section for billing. The dinning section also keeps the The reservation chart is a very wide chart divided into rows
record of customers expenditures and communicate them to and columns. The row header bears the date and the day of the
the account section, for billing also for example during the month and the column titles bear the room numbers, the
lodging of the customer, all his expenses are recorded so that remaining space(between the rooms and columns) is divided
at the same time of exit, the document will be forwarded to the into small boxes. When a room is reserved or allocated or
account section for processing. The dinning section also booked in advance, the chart is marked by spelling (and
interacts with purchasing section by notifying them of their spreading) the name of the intending customer under the days
stock needs etc. The purchase section is responsible for the booked and against the room number sort. When eventually,
general stock control activities. They purchase all the goods the customer turns up for allocation that is assuming the
needed by the hotel and they rely mostly on the information reservation was made by telephone, after conducting the
from other sections to determine facts. With all these, there is booking procedure mentioned earlier, the information
need for hotel management needs to be computerized [9]. contained in the guest registration card is entered into a
However, we have designed an HMS system which is specific register kept by the receptionist. Other pieces of information
to a particular hotel, Satellite Motel Ilorin, Nigeria. It helps the entered into the register includes the actual time arrived, the
owner to serve the intended customers without directly departure time, thus register is normally used in monitoring
involving with them. This system has included the electronic guest movement especially when enquiries are made by
circuitry embedded with several sensors in integrated with the visitors
java programming [9]. The design of travel and tourism Customer Exit
websites has received substantial attention by scholars (e.g. The process of a customer’s exit varies from time to time, but
Schegg et al., 2002; Law and Leung, 2002; Law and 3 Wong, generally follows a particular pattern. The departing
2003; Landvogt, 2004; So and Morrison, 2004. Landvogt customers will submit the key to his room at the reception
(2004) evaluates several online booking engines over 23 section and proceeds to the accounts section to conclude the
different criteria, like overall user friendliness, payment financial aspects of transaction. At the account section, the
method, instant confirmation, reliability, and invoicing initial deposit of the customer is compared with his actual
function among others. Some of these criteria were considered (final) bill on the customer’s bill sheet, and if found to greater,
system’s functions and design principles in this paper. the customer pays the balance in cash. However, some special
Method of booking customers (mentioned earlier) are given the privilege of
With the computerization of Satellite Motel Ilorin, Nigeria, paying their bill with a bank cheque. On the other hand, if the
customers can now book reservation by telephone, letter or by initial deposit is less than the final bill the customer will be
direct contact with the hotel. When a customer decides to call refunded with the surplus.
personally and book, the reception will inquire the type of
room sort. There are three main types of rooms: i. Twin
Room(Double Suit) ii. Luxury Suit iii. Exclusive Suit The
C. LIMITATIONS OR SHORTCOMINGS OF EXISTING
receptionist presents the customer with a document known as PRACTICES
the tariff. This stipulates the type of rooms that are available
and their respective costs. It also consists of other information
Our proposed system built within the borders of Saudi
such as the cost per type of meal that is breakfast, lunch and
Arabia. We will apply our system to one hotel only because
dinner. When the customer has decided on the room desired
of our need for parts, equipment, and software that we will
2
use to achieve our desired system. We can develop and occur. ii. Web server: Is the gateway application that enables
expand our system and then it can be generalized to all you and your applications to send/receive internet messages
garages of Saudi Arabia. Any gust or user who owns a laptop through internet devices to your computer. It has an easy to
can use this system. Also, every hotel owner can use his own use user interface, and an excellent internal architecture. The
web page to manage his room through his dashboard. designed system is a web based application, therefore, there is
a need to put up a web server. The web server used in this
D. OUR APPROACH
research work is Internet Information Service IIS. iii. Network
Signal: This layer is an intermediate layer between the
Methodologies are comprehensive, multiple-step
designed framework and the online client who is accessing the
approaches to systems developments that will guide
application from his own personal computer. The described
people’s work and influence the quality of the final product.
network can either be local area network LAN or the wide area
Most methodologies incorporate several development
techniques. The systematic procedure by which a complex network (WAN). iv. Users of the designed System: The user
or scientific task is accomplished is called techniques. of the designed system can access the HMS with either their
Techniques are particular processes that will follow by, to personal computers or their phones. Database design of Online
ensure that the work is well thought-out, complete and computerized Hotel Management System This helps to
comprehensible to others. The HMS is a mobile application manage or structure their data in a logical way. In addition,
where this system is connected to the internet. The detail of database design is a process to produce detailed data model of
the methodology and approach adopted are described as a data-base. The detailed data model consists of detailed value
follow. Architectural Framework of Online computerized parameters, attributes, primary key, foreign key and
Hotel Management System In this paper, an architectural relationship between entities. The designing of the database
framework for an online Hotel management system is needs an excellent developer’s understanding of two criteria
developed and presented in Figure 1. The framework which are the domain area and database development.
highlights the structure of the developed system together Effective database design can assist developer to perform well
with the way they interactions with each other. from the beginning. In addition, it can reduce costs and time
The architecture of the system shows constraints imposed during
by the user requirements and the available technology. development process. An excellent database development is
important to get an optimal performance and high
productivity. In order to achieve the quality of system, the
structure Figure 2 has to be properly presented which
representing information in the database design to ensure the
database works properly. Conceptual modeling of Online
computerized Hotel Management System The emphasis of
logical database model is on logic, which is a readable method
and useful for representing the knowledge. This can be done
through the conceptual modeling Conceptual modeling is a
process to model data of domain. Conceptual modeling is a
well-known technique of data modeling. It represents domain
entities, meaning of the data, concepts or terms used by
domain experts, function or relationship between concepts.
Conceptual model, also known as conceptual level schema as
shown in Figure 2, is a part of the process in database design
Figure 1 Architectural framwork of Hotel which determines information needs of user. It is able to
provide an accurate, complete representation of one’s’
The diagram shown in figure 3a is an architecture framework
understanding of the domain, with adaptation for different
of the designed system. The following components are
purposes. Figure 3 show the use case that list of steps, typically
noticeable: i. Database: The database is a fundamental part of
defining interactions between a role of each modules perform.
the system. It is also called as the working storage and it works
Figures 4 and 5 describes the interface used for room
hand in hand with both the knowledge base and the inference
reservation
engine as a means of storing data. It stores all important and
Comparative Evaluation Factors First, a pilot study, in which
detailed information of the HMS and that of the administrator.
a number of personal unstructured interviews with different
Besides, it stores the detail set of prerecorded messages
people of several occupational diversity such as Lecturers,
dropped by user, which are suitable for different guidance
Doctor, Business men, Actor/Actress and others, was
cases. In addition, the database server has both temporal
conducted. This was done to discuss the purpose of the
validity and precise timing constrains which allow it to store
the most recent data and effect instant changes as soon as they Figure 2 Objective tree for Hotel Management System

3
 approach? (v) How easy is it using online HMS and the
conventional manual Hotel Reservation? The Study Area and
Sample Size The population of the study comprises of the
entire health service providers and patients at the Satellite
Motel situated in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The
correspondents are of various occupational diversities which
are: Lecturers, Doctor, Business men, Actor/Actress and Other
(Nurse, Teacher, General Merchant etc.). Consequently, there
was adoption of a purposive technique to determine those to
be interviewed (sample size) because the population in the
study area is large. Purposive sample is drawn to aid the ease
of data collection or special features of the members of the
research study. Since all factors to investigate users preferred sample. Therefore, the selection of the respondents was based
platform to accessing HMS could be numerous, it implies that on identification made by the occupation with travelling and
given an objective to ensure quality of hotel service and lodging description in the study area of those who can serve
applications, much emphasis must be channeled to the critical the research purpose. A total of one hundred (100) copies of
factors. These factors are the most important measures relative questionnaire were distributed to these respondents from
to high turnaround time, efficiency of service and user diverse educational background while ninety(90) copies were
satisfaction; therefore preference must be accorded them. returned, representing a response rate of 90% as follows: i.
These basic factors are independent of one another and can Doctor = 12 ii. Lecturer = 20 iii. Business Expert=5 iv.
significantly influence the user’s choice of a platform to access Actor/Actress = 15 v. Others (Nurse, Teacher, General
HMS. They include: (a) Privacy: A system should offer Merchant etc.)=38 J. of Computation In Biosciences And
privacy in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability to Engineering Volume 1/ Issue 2 ISSN: 2348 – 7321 5 The
authorized entities. A computational system that ensures respondents were asked to indicate the factor (s), according to
privacy for both users and applications in term of intrusion how strong each feels, that can significantly influence the
prevention is always preferred. (b) Security / data protection: choice of Online Hotel Management System (HMS) or
When resources in a system come from different, possibly Conventional Manual Method of booking. Data Collection
competing, vendors, the openness of the system implies that Instrument A well-structured questionnaire and oral
the level of trustworthiness of information obtained through interviews were used to gather primary data for the study. The
interactive environment would be low and strong security questionnaire was validated and tested for reliability. A
measures have to be in place to protect devices from one Cronbach alpha reliability co-efficient of α = 0.72 was
another. Complex system interactions might substantially achieved. Method and Tools for Data Analysis Microsoft
complicate tracing the information flows to its origin, thus Excel was used to capture and analyze the data obtained from
preventing users to judge the reliability of acquired the duly-filled copies of questionnaire while frequency and
information. Security can be used to measure how reliable and percentage distributions were the descriptive techniques used.
acceptable a system will be. (c) Cost: Cost can be used to The descriptive survey was adopted to obtain the opinion of a
evaluate a number of models. A cost-effective model that is representative sample of the target population so as to be able
functional in nature can be preferred over an expensive one. A to infer the perception of the entire population
model which does not require infrastructure purchase will
II. REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS
lower maintenance. (d) Accessibility/Mobility: User mobility
The marketing requirements for this project are as follows:
refers to the freedom the user has to move about when
Keeping user satisfaction as at most priority.
interacting with the system. Object mobility is required to
Scheduling the allotment of user with room to make it
move services around a network for better load balancing,
convenient for user.
fault tolerance and high-availability. (e) Usage Simplicity: A
Keeping records of user registration details accurately
well-structured graphical user interface and tool tips to guide
arranged order so that the treatment of
the users is highly important. Help files are also tools to help
Customers becomes quick and satisfactory.
the user get familiarized with the application environment and
Keeping details about the users, their needs and payment detail
aid usage knowledge of the technical part of the system.
reports etc.
Research Questions (i) Is accessing online HMS via web more
Keeping the best hotel facilities.
cost-effective than the conventional manual approach vice-
Give the user choices from the cheapest rooms between the
versa? (ii) Is online HMS more secured in practice than the
hotels.
conventional manual approach or vice-versa? (iii) What is the
Keep the user connected by the hotel to receive the
level of privacy when using web or mobile to access EPAs?
confirmation.
(iv) What is the level of mobility (accessibility & availability)
Send the confirmation letter to the user about his bill and date.
of the HMS deployed on web and the conventional manual
4
Table 1 compares the project’s engineering requirements real-time updates on
with the marketing requirements they cover as well as their availability of rooms.
respective justifications. Meaning they wouldn’t
have to worry about
Requirements
arriving at the hotel and
Marketing Engineerin Requireme Validation Rationale
then realise that the
g nts Type
room wasn’t theirs after
robust cloud-based Hotel
all!
Reservation System will
In this era where
Powerful have the best-in-class
Have an ‘customer is king’, you
Reporting constraint reporting options for you
easy to use really have no other
options which will include
interface alternative but to listen
everything relating to
to the ‘king’. Not just
your hotel.
that, it is also wise to
The mobile revolution is
proactively reach out to
here, and here to stay,
the king and seek
from the looks of it. It is
feedback because therein
no surprise that more
lies a goldmine which
and more guests prefer
could potentially drive
using their smartphones
Be small, your success. Guest
to make bookings. With
portable Mobile App reviews are not to be
constraint changing times, it is
and treated lightly but you
inevitable to adapt to the Guest
lightweight non- must deal with them
needs of the generation Have an Review
easy to use verifiable with utmost sincerity
to stay relevant in the Manageme
interface and urgency. A good
market. Therefore, it is nt.
Hotel Reservation
crucial for your Hotel
System allows you to
Reservation System to
reach out to your guests,
be mobile friendly.
so you can engage with
Having an Online Hotel
them and earn their
Reservation System
loyalty. It also throws at
linked to a channel
you all the reviews
manager gives you a lot
they’ve left about their
of benefits. The two-way
experience at your
connectivity between
property on review sites.
your HRS and the CM
And whether you like it
helps in real-time update
or not, responding to it is
Have an of inventory and rates
Channel ideal the only way to go about
easy to use across several OTAs.
Manager it!
interface This, of course, is such a
The best Hotel
boon for hoteliers and
Reservation System is
guests [Link] former Be small,
one that simplifies your
saves time, witnesses portable
One-view world. You need to look
improved staff efficiency and constraint
dashboard at a system that gives
& gets rid of lightweight
overbooking hassles. you all the necessary

While guests get what information with as little

they see! In other words, navigation as possible.

5
 One quick look at the We chose to use angular because of the speed, availability
management dashboard and developed by Google, Also its TypeScript-based
should be sufficient for
JavaScript framework and Dependency injection also High
Community with High Performance, Powerful Ecosystem,
you to understand just
how many reservations
you have for the day,
how many have
checked-in, how many
are yet to, if there are
any no shows, how
many rooms are
available still and this is
just the booking angle of Figure 2 Angular Architecture
things!
Type Strength Weakness

The front desk view of • developed by Google

• Steeper learning
• TypeScript-based JavaScript
Hotelogix’s cloud-based curve
framework
• Limited SEO
Hotel Reservation • Dependency injection
Capabilities
Angular • High Community
• Too many versions
System is at once smart • High Performance
• Decline in popularity
• Powerful Ecosystem
as it is convenient. It • Lot of boilerplate
• MVC Architecture
code
gives you just the • Limited SEO Options
• Less
amount of data you’ll • Small
Plugins/Components
• Easy to Understand
need to know at a • [Link] Evolving Fast
• Simple Integration
VueJs • Flexibility
• Small Community
glance. • More Flexible than
• Two-Way Communication
Table 1 Engineering Requirements with Justification Needed
• Great Tooling
•
• Community Support • Immaturity
A. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS • Optimal Performance • Difficult to Learn
• Code Reusability and Pre-
• Low Security
Developed Components
User Creation:- • Hot Reloading • Complex UI
In this module we are Registration the username, password, React • Cost-Effective Solution • Longer Initialization
phone and card id’ are user creations. • Simplified UI Time
Native • Third-Party Plugin Support • Memory
Booking Room:- • Modular Architecture Management
In this module we are Registered the Customer Name, hotel • Increased Stability and • Time and cost
number, room price as well as paying the money. Reliability
efficiency
• Access to Libraries and
Submission Module;- Ready-made Solutions
In this module the admin is confirmed the order and before Table 2 Frontend Strengths and Weakness
registering the Customer name, order no and phone
backend
B. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
We chose to use python because it It is one of the fastest
The platform must be available at any time and serve the
programming languages as it requires very few lines of code.
highest number of users at the same time.
Its emphasis is on readability and simplicity, which make it
C. POWER REQUIREMENTS a great choice for beginners.
The app must be available at any time and serve the highest
number of users at the same time

III. CONCEPT GENERATION AND EVALUATION

Front end

6
 Operating System:

We chose to use Ubunutu server because is Free and it’s can

Be Updated Without Restarting also its Open-Source

Figure 3 Payton Comparison

Type Strength Weakness

Java takes less time to

develop although it is
expected to run slower than • Steeper learning curve Figure 4 operating system
Java programs • Limited SEO Capabilities
Java Due to Python high-level data • Too many versions
types and its dynamic typing • Decline in popularity Type Strength Weakness
programs are shorter than • Lot of boilerplate code
Java programs IIS is not robust and can
easily be made to 'hang'
Python is a high level object- so that the server must
oriented, programming be rebooted to recover.
language. It has built-in data It is certainly
• Less
structures, combined with unacceptable for an NT
Plugins/Components
dynamic typing & binding Service to fail in this
• [Link] Evolving Fast
which makes it an ideal way.
python choice for rapid application
• Small Community
IIS can only be
development. Python also • More Flexible than configured using the
Needed GUI, which can be a
offers support for modules
and packages, which allows • complex and laborious
system modularity and code manual process in a The graphical user
reuse production interface (GUI) helps new
PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-
Internet environment. There users. IIS has good
processor. It is a server-side Information seems to be no way to
encapsulate all of the
integration
with Performance Monitor,
scripting language. It is used
to develop a dynamic website • Immaturity Services settings in a single which provides for easy
or web application. PHP can • Difficult to Learn configuration file, as you access to extensive usage
easily integrate with all major • Low Security (IIS) can with Apache, which statistics.
web servers on all major • Complex UI is essential for
operating systems. configuration
php PHP is the widely-used, free,
• Longer Initialization
management.
and efficient option to Time IIS lacks flexibility in
competitors such as • Memory Management many areas. For
Microsoft's ASP. Non- • Time and cost efficiency example, there is almost
technical users can easily no way to control how
learn a few useful tricks to URLs are parsed.
make their web pages easier Remote administration
to manage, and more useful. and configuration
Table 3 backend Strengths and Weakness of IIS is almost
impossible, as this can
only
Ubuntu is Free. I guess
you imagined this being
the first point on our
• Less
list. ...
Plugins/Components
Ubuntu is Completely
• [Link] Evolving Fast
Customizable. ...
Ubuntu server Ubuntu is More
• Small Community
• More Flexible than
Secure. ...
Needed
Ubuntu Runs Without
Installing. ... •
Ubuntu is Better Suited
for Development. ...

7
 Ubuntu's Command optimizing your lot of data since
Line. ... website there are other
Ubuntu Can Be Updated • No need for prior websites on the
Without Restarting. ... knowledge about server
Ubuntu is Open-Source Windows or Linux • Servers can get
LINUX IS VERY STABLE! • MANY WINDOWS • No need for an overloaded and
administer since user freeze up the
PROGRAMS WILL
LINUX IS LESS interfaces such as website
NOT RUN IN LINUX.
VULNERABLE TO cPanel makes it simple • Customer service is
COMPUTER MALWARE! • to manage your own more of a “walk-
• THERE IS A SMALLER website through” with
LINUX TYPICALLY DOES SELECTION OF • Even though server is shared hosting
NOT SLOW DOWN OVER PERIPHERAL shared, email goes to plans meaning
TIME! your domain name you’ll be doing most
Linux HARDWARE DRIVERS
of the trouble-
• Can have more than
FOR LINUX.
LINUX CAN BREATHE one database shooting yourself
NEW LIFE INTO OLD • • MySQL and PHP
COMPUTERS! • THERE IS A support from most
LEARNING CURVE web hosting providers
WITH LINUX, YOU HAVE FOR PEOPLE WHO
SO MANY CHOICES IN A • Faster speed,
ARE NEW TO LINUX. connectivity and
WIDE VARIETY OF
DISTROS! upload time
• Ability to manage
Table 4 Operating System Strengths and Weakness
large amounts of • Higher price than
traffic without shared servers
Server: interrupting service • Need to administer
• More storage and the server so prior
We chose to use Dedicated Hosting and Completely Dedicated data options knowledge (or
Customizable. With high Secure More security and difficult
to hack, making this ideal for companies with lots of
Hosting • Total control of your
own server
outsourcing the job)
is needed
• More security and • Diagnostics and
customer information or large corporate accounts difficult to hack, problem resolution
Ability to run software and utilities of your own choosing making this ideal for is more difficult
companies with lots of
customer information
or large corporate
accounts

Table 5 Server Strengths and Weakness

database :
We chose to use NoSQL databases are gaining large
popularity these days due to their capacity to integrate big
data, low cost, easy scalability, and open source features.
However, it is still a relatively young technology and lacks
standardization, unlike SQL

Figure 5 Server

Type Strength Weakness

• S Limited security
• Extremely affordable
features due to
because the resources
shared server
of the server are
• Higher incident of
shared, meaning the
hacking, though a
web hosting company
good web hosting
can cut discounts to
provider will be able
users
to prevent this
Shared • Ideal for small
businesses, blogs and
• Cannot run any
Hosting personal websites
other software
programs or utilities
• All technical issues Figure 6 SQL vs NOSQL
other than the ones
with server are taken
either supported or
care of by the web
provided by the
hosting company,
web hosting
meaning you can just
focus on running your
company Type Strength Weakness
• Websites can be
business and
slow if you have a

8
 • It is highly suitable it saves time and
for relational effort.
databases. Table 6 database Strengths and Weakness
• Has a predefined
schema which is IV. FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION
helpful in many
cases. Functional decomposition is a recursive process that
• Normalization can be iteratively describes the functionality of all system
greatly used here, • The process of components.
thus it also helps in interfacing is
removing complex.
redundancy and • As SQL is an A. LEVEL 0 DIAGRAM
organizing data in a object, it
better way. occupies space.
• Transactions in SQL • Handling Big
databases are ACID data is very
SQL compliant, thereby costly as you
guarantees security will have to
and stability. increase the
• Follows well-defined hardware for
standards like ISI and scaling.
ANSI which are • When a table is
accepted worldwide. dropped, the
• Code-free. view becomes
• Unbeatable speed in inactive.
retrieving database
records with great
ease. Figure 7 LEVEL 0 DIAGRAM
• Uses single
standardized Module Application For Hotel Management
language i.e SQL
across different
RDBMS. Input Booking Room .. User Creation ..
Submission Module
No • Capable of handling
Output Hotel Management
big data.
SQL • As it is schema-less • The benefits of
Functionality User Creation,Booking Room , Submission
and table free, it NoSQL come at Module , Relation database schema
offers a high level of the cost of
flexibility with data relaxing ACID
models. properties. Table 7 Level 0 Hotel Management
• It is a low-cost NoSQL offers
database and the only eventual B. LEVEL 1 DIAGRAM
open source NoSQL consistency.
databases provide • Relatively less Module User Creation
very affordable community Input first name – last name – password –
solutions to small support. license plate – mobile number – payment
enterprises. • Lacks method
• Easier and low-cost standardization,
scalability. You don’t unlike SQL,
Output User information
need to increase the which in turn
hardware for scaling. creates some
Functionality User enter his information and then can
You just need to add issues during
more servers to the migration. use the platform
pool as NoSQL is • Inter-operability
schema-free and is also a Table 8 Level 1 User Creation
built on distributed concern in the
systems. case of NoSQL
• Detailed database databases.
modeling is not
required here. Hence
9
 C. LEVEL 2 DIAGRAM

Figure 8 LEVEL 1

Booking Room
Module

Input Name, hotel number, room price

Output Booking Room Figure 9 LEVEL 2 DIAGRAM

V. SYSTEM BEHAVIOR
Functionality Receive information about hotel.
A mobile application will normally be structured as a multi-
Table 9 Level 1 Booking Room layered application consisting of user experience, business,
and data layers. When developing a mobile application, you
may choose to develop a thin Web-based client or a rich
client. If you are building a rich client, the business and data
services layers are likely to be located on the device itself. If
you are building a thin client, the business and data layers
will be located on the server. Figure 5 illustrates common
rich client mobile application architecture with components
grouped by areas of concern.
Module Submission Module Our application will be a thin client mobile application
because it can depend on server processing and it will always
Input - be fully connected with the server
Output confirmed the order
Functionality In this module the admin is confirmed the
VI. CONCLUSION
order and before registering the In this paper, user preferred online hotel management
Customer name, order no and phone system (HMS) to conventional Manual Hotel Processing as
investigated. Privacy, mobility, ease-of-use, security and
Table 10 Submission Module cost are preferential critical assessment factors considered
to impact user’s choice decision
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