A spring A of force constant 6.0 Nm-1 is connected in series with a spring B of force constant 3.0 Nm-1.
One end of the combination is securely anchored and a force of 0.60 N is applied to the other end.
(a) By how much does each spring extend?
(b) What is the force constant of the combination?
(c) What is the total elastic potential energy stored in the system?
A string supports a solid iron object of mass 0.180 kg totally immersed in a liquid of density 800 kg m-3. If
the density of iron is 8000 kg m-3, calculate: (a) the upthrust acting on the object;
(b) the tension in the string
An ice cube of sides 2.0 cm floats in a cup of tea. One of its faces is 0.20 cm above the surface of the tea in
the cup. Calculate the density of the tea if the density of ice is 920 kg m-3.
A parachutist of mass 80 kg descends vertically at a constant velocity of 3.0 m s-1. Taking the acceleration
of free fall as 10 ms-2, what is (a) the net force acting on him?
(b) the upward force acting on him?
(a) A man throws a ball of mass 3.0 kg with a speed of 5.0 ms-1. If his hand is in contact with the ball for a
time interval of 0.20 s while throwing the ball, find the average force he exerts on the ball.
(b) If the man throws 4 balls in 2 seconds, find the average force exerted by him in one second.
(c) If the balls thrown by the man hit a wall and bounce back with speed 3.0 ms-1, find the average force
exerted by the wall on the balls.
An object of mass 1.5 kg is sliding with a velocity of 3.0 m s-1 on a frictionless surface towards another
object which is stationary and has a mass of 2.0 kg. This head-on collision is completely inelastic. If the
duration of the collision is 0.050 s, find the average force that is exerted between the objects during the
collision.
A particle which moves from rest is acted upon by two forces: a constant forward force and a retarding force which
is directly proportional to its velocity. Which one of the following statements about the subsequent motion of the
particle is true?
1. Its velocity increases from zero to a maximum.
2. Its acceleration increases from zero to a maximum.
3. Its velocity increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.
4. Its acceleration increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.
An aircraft in level flight is moving with a constant velocity relative to the ground. The resultant force acting on the
aircraft is equal to:
1. the weight of the aircraft
2. the resultant of the air resistance and the thrust of the engine
3. the resultant of the air resistance and the weight of the aircraft
4. zero
A steady stream of balls, each of mass 0.40 kg and speed 15 ms-1, hits a vertical wall at right angles. After hitting the
wall, the balls rebound with the same speed. Given that 600 balls hit the wall every 10 seconds, calculate the
average force acting on the wall. (You may assume that the incident and rebounded balls do not collide.)
A ball falls vertically and bounces on the ground.
The following statements are about the forces acting on the ball while it is in contact with the ground. Which
statement is correct?
1. The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal to the weight of the ball.
2. The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to
the force that the ground exerts on the ball.
3. The force that the ball exerts on the ground is always less than the weight of the ball.
4. The weight of the ball is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that the
ground exerts on the ball.
A man is standing on a beam which is resting on the ground. Which of the following pair forms an action-reaction
pair of forces?
1. Contact force on man due to beam and the gravitational force on beam due to Earth.
2. Weight of man and the gravitational force on Earth due to man.
3. Contact force on man due to beam and weight of man.
4. Gravitational force on man due to Earth and gravitational force on beam due to Earth.
A lorry and a motorcycle with different masses are involved in a head on collision, after which they travel in the
opposite direction. The speeds of the lorry and the motorcycle before the collision are 10.0 ms-1 and 13.0 ms-1
respectively, and after the collision are 5.0 m s-1 and 28.0 m s-1 respectively.
Which of the following statements about the collision is true?
1. Motorcycle experienced a larger force than lorry during the collision.
2. Magnitudes of impulses experienced by lorry and motorcycle during the collision are the same.
3. Individual momentums of lorry and motorcycle are conserved.
4. Total kinetic energy of lorry and motorcycle is conserved.
A mass of 0.20 kg is suspended from the roof of a lift by a light thread. The thread is cut while the lift is ascending
upwards at 3.0 m s-2. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the 0.20 kg mass at the instant the thread is cut?
A large box is pushed across a horizontal ground at constant speed. If the push is removed, the box will
1. stop at once.
2. start to slow down to a stop.
3. continue to travel at constant speed.
4. continue to travel at constant speed before slowing down to a stop
A 50 cm3 block of lead and a 50 cm3 block of copper are completely under water. Each is suspended by a thread so
that they both are at the same height in an aquarium filled with water. The volume of the aquarium is 300 [Link]
of the following is true?
1. The buoyant force is greater on the lead than on the copper
2. The buoyant force is greater on the copper than on the lead
3. The buoyant force is the same on both blocks
4. More information is needed
A 5.00 kg object moves at 15.0 ms-1. It collides perfectly inelastically with a 10.0 kg object which was at
rest. How much kinetic energy is lost in the collision?
Two people are carrying a 2 m long couch with a mass of M = 20kg level with the horizontal by lifting it
from it ends. The centre of mass of the couch is 1 m from each end. While it is being carried, another
person with a mass m of 60 kg sits on the couch 0.5 m from one end. How much force will each person
carrying the couch have to exert upwards in order to continue carrying the couch levelly?
a) State Newton’s second law of motion.
b) A 80.0 kg man is parachuting and experiencing a downward acceleration of 2.5 m s-2. The mass of the
parachute is 10.0 kg. Calculate the upward force exerted on the system (parachute and man) by the air.
c) Upon reaching the ground, the man uses a pellet gun and fires one pellet per second with a speed of
483 m s-1 perpendicularly onto a wall. The pellet is stopped by the wall and the mass of each pellet is 2.14
g. (i) Find the initial momentum of each pellet. (ii) If each pellet is in contact with the wall for 1.25 ms,
calculate the average force exerted on the wall by each pellet while in contact.
(iii) Discuss qualitatively, what happens to the average force exerted on the wall by each pellet while in
contact if the contact time is increased.
A crane is used to raise a weight of 200 N at a constant speed through a vertical height of 8.0 m in 4.0 s.
The efficiency of the crane is 20%. What is the electrical power needed to be supplied to the crane?
A rescue plane is flying horizontally with a speed of 50 m s-1 and at an altitude of 200 m above the sea when
it drops a warning flare. Neglecting air resistance and assuming that the plane does not change its course,
speed or altitude, how far from the plane is the flare when it hits the water?
A boy throws a ball vertically upwards. The ball falls back into his hand 2.0 seconds later. Neglecting air
resistance, what is the speed at which the ball leaves his hand?
A ball was kicked over a 8.0m wall as shown below with a velocity u at an angle of 50° above the
horizontal. At the highest point of the trajectory, the ball managed to just go over the wall. It landed into a
depression 2.0 m deep.
a) Express the initial horizontal velocity and initial vertical velocity in terms of u.
b) Calculate the initial speed of the ball
c) Calculate the vertical velocity of the ball vy just before it hits the depression.
d) Hence, or otherwise, calculate the velocity of the ball v just before it hits the depression, and the angle it
makes below the horizontal.
e) Calculate the time of flight
The acceleration-time graph of an object moving in a
straight line is as shown. The object started its motion from
rest.
At which point is the body moving with the largest speed?
1) A rifle is aimed horizontally at a target 30 m away. The bullet hits the target 1.9 cm below the aiming
point. Calculate (a) the bullet’s time of flight. [62 ms] (b) its speed as it emerges from the rifle. [480 ms-1]
2) A skier leaves a slope at 20⁰ above the horizontal with a speed of 10 ms-1. The horizontal landing surface
is 3 m below the slope. (a) At what horizontal distance from the launching point does she land? [11.3 m]
(b) At what impact velocity will she land? [12.6 ms-1, 41.8⁰ below the horizontal]
3) A small ball rolls horizontally off the edge of a tabletop that is 1.2 m high. It strikes the floor at a point
1.52 m horizontally away from the edge of the table. Calculate
a) The time for the ball to remain in the air. [0.50 s]
b) Speed of the ball at the instant it leaves the table. [3.04 ms-1]
4) You throw a ball with a speed of 25.3 m s-1 at an angle of 42.0 degrees above the horizontal directly
towards a wall. The wall is 21.8 m from the release point of the ball
a) How long is the ball in the air before it hits the wall? [1.16 s]
b) How far above the release point does the ball hit the wall? [13.0 m]
c) What are the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity as it hits the wall? [18.8 ms -1, 5.55 ms-1]
5) In the 1991 World Track and Field Championships in Tokyo, Mike Powell jumped 8.95 m, breaking the
23-year long jump record by a full 5 cm. Assuming that Powell’s speed on take off was 9.5 ms-1 (about
equal to that of a sprinter) and that g is 9.80 ms-2 in Tokyo. How much less was Powell’s horizontal range
than the maximum possible range (neglect the effects of air resistance) for a particle launched at the same
speed of 9.5 ms-1? [0.25 m]
6) A home run is hit in such a way that the baseball just clears a wall 21 m high, located 130 m from the
home plate. The bat hits the ball when the ball is 1m above the ground. The ball is hit at an angle of 35⁰ to
the horizontal, and air resistance is negligible. Find (a) The initial speed of the ball. [41.7 ms-1]
b) The time it takes the ball to reach the wall. [3.81 s]
c) The velocity of the ball when it reaches the wall. [55.6 ms-1]
7) A rock is projected 20⁰ above the horizontal at 5 ms-1 from a cliff 50 m above ground. Find (a) the
horizontal distance from the base of the cliff that the rock lands. (b) the impact velocity.
8) A soccer ball is kicked from the ground with an initial speed of 19.5 ms-1 at an upward angle of 45⁰. A
player 55 m away in the direction of the kick starts running to meet the ball at that instant. What must be
his average speed if he is to meet the ball just before it hits the ground? Neglect air resistance. [5.78 ms -1]
9) A ball rolls horizontally off the top of a stairway with a speed of 1.52 ms -1. The steps are 20.3 cm high
and 20.3 cm wide. Which step does the ball hit first? [3rd step]
10) During a tennis match, a player serves the ball at 23.6 ms-1, with the centre of the ball leaving the
racquet horizontally 2.37 m above the court surface. The net is 12m away and 0.90 m high. When the ball
reaches the net, (a) Does the ball clear it? (b) What is the distance between the centre of the ball and the
top of the net? Suppose that, instead, the ball is served as before but now it leaves the racquet at 5
degrees below the horizontal. When the ball leaves the net? (c) Does the ball clear it? (d) What now is the
distance between the centre of the ball and the top of the net?
11) (a) A body is projected from the ground level at an angle of 50⁰ above the horizontal has an initial
speed of 40 ms-1. How long will it be before it hits the ground? [61.8 s]
b) A body is projected at an angle of 30⁰ below the horizontal from the top of a building 170 m high. Its
initial speed is 40 ms-1. How long will it take before striking the ground? What is the velocity of the body
just before it touches the ground? [4.19 s, 61.3 ms-1]
12) a) A football is kicked at a speed of 20 m s-1 at a launch angle of 45⁰. Find its range assuming negligible
air resistance. [40.8 m]
b) A stunt driver leaves a ramp at an angle of 30⁰ and lands at the same height after travelling a horizontal
distance of 36 m. What was his take-off speed? [20.2 ms-1]
The mass M of the largest stone which can be moved by water of a flowing river is assumed to be
M = kvrpgs, where k = dimensionless constant, v = velocity of water flow, p = density of water
g = acceleration due to gravity, and r, s are dimensionless exponents. Find value of r.
The relationship between four physical quantities z, p, q and t, is given by z2 = p + qt, where t is the time in
seconds. If q has the units m s-1, then p must have the units
a) (i) By Newton’s Second law of motion, the resultant force F acting on a constant mass m is given by
F = ma, where a is the acceleration of the mass. A student expresses the unit for mass as N s2m-1.
Explain why its inappropriate to express mass in this unit.
ii) A student defines speed as “distance travelled per second”. Explain clearly why this statement is
technically wrong. Hence, write down the correct definition for this speed.
b) In an experiment to measure the diameter of a uniform wire using a micrometer screw gauge, a student
fails to notice that with the gauge fully closed, the reading is not zero.
i) State and explain clearly whether the omission introduces a random error or a systematic error into the
readings of the diameter.
ii) State the effect(s), if any, the omission has on the precision and accuracy of the readings.
c) A spinning ball moving with a speed v in air of density ρ experiences a difference in pressure Δp on its
sides. This causes its path of motion to e deflected.
i) By comparing the powers of the base units, suggest a possible relationship between the difference in
pressure Δp and the quantities v and ρ.
ii) Suggest a reason why the relationship that you have found in (c)(i) may not be physically correct.
A fixed mass of an ideal gas loses 2190 J of heat and expands under a constant pressure of 11 kPa from a
volume of 25 x 10-3 m3 to a volume of 50 x 10-3 m3.
What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?
A flask contains 300 g of water at 80°C. Initially, the flask is at thermal equilibrium with the water. 40 g of
ice at 0°C is added to the water in the flask. After some time, when all the ice had melted, the temperature
of the flask and its contents was found to be 50°C.
a) Neglecting any heat lost to the surroundings, show that Qflask = 0.040lf – 29400, where Qflask is the heat
lost by the flask and lf is the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1K-1
b) A further 65 g of ice was then added to the flask. After all the ice had melted, it was noted that the
temperature of the flask and its contents was 20°C.
Q’flask, the heat lost by the flask after 65 g of ice was added was found to be related to lf, the specific latent
heat of fusion of ice by the expression Q’flask = 0.065lf – 37380
i) Explain why the heat lost by the flask is the same for both situations in a) and b).
ii) Hence, find lf, the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
In an experiment with a continuous flow calorimeter to find the specific heat capacity of a liquid, an input
power of 60 W produced a rise in temperature of 10 K in the liquid. When the power was doubled, the same
temperature rise was achieved by making the rate of flow of the liquid three times faster.
The power lost to the surroundings in each case was
The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water at 20°C is appreciably greater than the value at 100°C. This
is because
1. the specific latent heat at 20°C includes the energy necessary to raise the temperature of
one kilogram of water from 20°C to 100°C.
2. more work must be done in expanding the water vapour against atmospheric pressure at
20°C than at 100°C.
3. the molecules in the liquid are more tightly bound to one another at 20°C than at 100°C.
4. the root mean square speed of the vapour molecules is slower at 20°C than at 100°C.
(a) (i) The First Law of Thermodynamics is in agreement with the Principle of Conservation of Energy. Give a
word equation stating the First Law of Thermodynamics.
(ii) A student suggests that when heat is supplied to a system, the temperature will always increase. Give an
example to show when the statement is not true.
b) When a system is taken from state a to state b in the diagram
below along the path acb, 90.0 J of heat flows into the system and
60.0 J of work is done by the system.
i) Show that the increase in internal energy for path acb is 30 J.
ii) Explain why the increase in internal energy for path acb is the
same as adb.
iii) Hence calculate the amount of heat that flows into the system
for path adb if 15.0 J of work is done by the system.
iv) If the increase in internal energy from a to d is 8.0 J, find the
amount of heat absorbed in the process db.
v) When the system is returned from b to a along the curved path,
the value of the work done on the system is 35.0 J. State whether
the system gained or lost heat and calculate this amount of heat
exchanged with the system?
c) i) State one assumption that can be made when a gas is assumed to be ideal.
ii) A rubber sphere has a fixed internal volume of 0.0120 m3 and is kept at a temperature of 25°C. What is
the amount of air in moles, that need to be supplied into the sphere to increase its pressure from 2.62 x 105
Pa to 3.23 x 105 Pa, without a change in temperature? (You may assume that air is an ideal gas.)
iii) Show that the internal energy of one molecule of air at a temperature of 25°C is 6.17 x 10-21 J. Assume
that the air behaves as a mono-atomic ideal gas.
iv) Hence, calculate the increase in internal energy of the air in the rubber sphere as a result of the increase
in pressure at constant temperature.
An ideal gas, contained in a cylinder by a frictionless piston, is allowed to expand from volume V1, at pressure
p1, to volume V2, at pressure p2. Its temperature is kept constant throughout. The work done by the gas is
1. positive because the volume has increased
2. zero because intermolecular forces are negligible in an ideal gas.
3. zero because it has been kept at constant temperature and so its internal energy is
unchanged.
4. negative because the pressure has decreased and so the force on the piston has been
diminishing.
a) State two quantities which increase when the temperature of a given mass of gas is increased at
constant volume.
b) A car tyre of volume 1.0 x 10-2 m3 contains air at a pressure of 300 kPa and a temperature of 17°C. The
mass of one mole of air is 2.9 x 10-2 kg. Assuming that the air behaves as an ideal gas, calculate
(i) n, the amount, in mol, of air, (ii) the mass of air, (iii) the density of the air
c) Air containing oxygen and nitrogen molecules. State, with a reason, whether each of the following
quantities are the same for oxygen and nitrogen molecules in air at a given temperature. (i) Average kinetic
energy (ii) Root mean square speed
Two containers of volume 4.0 m3 and 6.0 m3 contain an ideal gas at pressure 100 Pa and 50 Pa respectively.
Their temperatures are equal. They are joined by a tube of negligible volume. The gas flows from one
container to the other with no change in temperature. The final pressure will be
a) i) Define power
ii) Hence, derive the equation P = Fv, where P is power, F is force and v is speed.
b) A motorized bicycle has a maximum of 0.23 hp, horse power. 1 hp = 746 W.
i) Along a horizontal road AB, the cyclist travels at a constant maximum speed of 33 km h-1. Calculate the
total frictional force exerted on the system (bicycle and cyclist), if the efficiency of the motor is 60%.
ii) The cyclist then travels along a road BC inclined at 10° to the horizontal. Is it possible for the cyclist to
move up the slope at the same constant speed of 33 km/h? Explain your answer.
iii) If the cyclist is to travel along the road inclined at 10° at the same constant speed of 33 km/h, calculate
the new power required in hp (horse power) of the motor. The total frictional force acting on the system is
now 0.8 times that in( b)i), and the total mass of the system is 90 kg.
A mass of 0.050 kg is attached to one end of a piece of elastic cord of unstretched length 0.50 m. The force
constant of the cord is 40 N m-1. The mass is rotated steadily on a smooth table in a horizontal circle of
radius 0.70 m. What is the approximated speed of the mass?
A 0.500 kg stone is moving in a vertical circular path attached to a string that is 75.0 cm long. The stone is
moving around the path at a constant frequency of 2.20 rev s-1. At the moment the stone is overhead, the
stone is released. What is the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the stone when it leaves the
circular path? Answer: 10.4 m s-1, horizontal
A 30.0 kg child swings on a rope with a length of 4.00 m that is hanging from a tree. At the bottom of the
swing the child is moving at a speed of 4.00 m s-1. What is the tension in the rope? Answers: 414 N
A storage battery, used for emergency lighting in the even of a power cut operates on 24V. The battery has
negligible internal resistance and is rated at 140 ampere-hour.
(a) What is the total energy stored by the battery?
(b) What external resistance would have to be connected to the battery if it were to be discharged in 14
hours?
(c) What power output is the battery giving at this rate of discharge?
The resistivity of the human body is low as compared to the resistivity of the human skin (given as 3.0 X
104 Ω m for dry human skin). For a layer of dry human skin 0.5 mm thick, and cross-sectional area of 1.0
cm2, determine the resistance of the skin.
In a particular cathode ray oscilloscope, the measured current of the electron beam is 20.0 µA. How many
electrons strike the oscilloscope screen every minute?
(a) How many joules are there in a kWh?
(b) A television set rated at 80 W is operated from 8 pm to midnight. How much energy is this in kWh and
in MJ?
A cell of e.m.f. 9.00V and internal resistance of 0.50 Ω is connected to a 8.50 Ω resistor.
(a) Explain what is meant by an e.m.f. of 9.00 V?
Calculate (b) i) the current in the circuit, ii) the p.d across the 8.50 Ω resistor,
iii) the output efficiency of the circuit
The terminal voltage of a battery is observed to change when the battery supplies a current to an external
resistor. What quantities are needed to calculate the change in voltage?
1. the battery’s e.m.f. and its internal resistance
2. the battery’s e.m.f. and the current
3. the current and the external resistance
4. the current and the internal resistance of the battery
Assuming the Earth to be a uniform sphere rotating about an axis through the poles, the apparent weight of
a body at the Equator compared with it’s apparent weight at the poles would be
1. greater, because the angular velocity of the Earth is greater at the Equator than at the pole
2. greater, because the weight at the Equator is given by the sum of the gravitational
attraction of the Earth and the centripetal force due to the circular motion of the body
3. smaller, because the gravitational attraction of the Earth must provide both the weight and
the centripetal force due to the circular motion of the body
4. smaller, because the gravitational attraction at the pole is greater than that at the Equator
a) The Moon is orbiting at a certain height above the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of 1.99 x 1020 N on the
Moon. Given: mass of the Earth = 5.98 x 1024 kg, mass of the Moon = 7.35 x 1022 kg,
radius of the Earth = 6.38 x 106 m
i) Find the height above the Earth’s surface where the Moon is orbiting.
ii) Using Newton’s Second Law of motion, calculate the linear velocity of the Moon.
iii) Calculate the centripetal acceleration of the Moon.
b) Most artificial satellites are placed in Low Earth Orbits (LEO), at a height typically around 200 km – 1200
km above the Earth’s surface. A 700 kg satellite is in the Low Earth Orbit at a height of 1200 km above the
Earth’s surface.
i) What is the change in gravitational potential energy of the satellite before it is launched and when it is in
orbit?
ii) Calculate the period of the satellite. Express your answer in hours.
iii) Satellites in LEO are used in telecommunications. State one difference between the LEO and
geostationary satellites, and an advantage of using LEO satellites in telecommunications.
A +3.0 C point charge is initially stationary at a point X in a uniform electric field of
strength 5.0 V m-1. It is then moved within the field 3.0 m parallel to the field and
then 4.0 m perpendicular to the field lines to point Y as shown in the diagram below.
Calculate the work done in moving the charge along the path from X to Y.
Sound from a small loudspeaker L reaches a point X by two paths which differ in
length by 1.8m. When the frequency of the sound is gradually increased, the
resultant intensity at X reaches a maxima when the frequency is 1000 Hz. Given the velocity of sound is 360
m s-1, at what next higher frequency will a maximum be detected?
A parallel beam of white light (range of wavelengths from 4.5 x 10-7 m to 7.5 x 10-7 m) is incident normally
on a diffraction grating. Red light in the second order spectrum is observed to be diffracted through an angle
of 60° from the direction of the incident beam.
How many lines per metre are there on the grating?
A taut wire is set into resonance with a node at either end and another single node at the centre of the wire.
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
1. The wavelength of the wave on the wire is equal to the length of the wire.
2. All points to one side of the centre vibrate in phase with one another.
3. Any two points on either side of the centre have a phase difference of 90°.
4. Two points equidistant from the centre on either side of the centre have the same
amplitude of vibration.
A small pipe opened at both ends is partially submerged in water as shown below.
A tuning fork vibrating at frequency 850 Hz is placed over the top of the pipe. The
pipe is slowly raised until the first loud sound is heard when the length of pipe
above water is L.
The experiment is repeated with another tuning fork of unknown frequency f and
first loud sound is heard when the length of pipe above the water is 2L.
What is the value of f? You may assume the speed of sound is 340 m s-1.
The diagram shows part of a rollercoaster ride.
The carriage and passengers, of total mass 500 kg, is moving horizontally at A with a speed of 5.0
ms-1. The length of the track from A to B is 30 m. In practice, the speed of the carriage at B is
actually 13 ms-1. Calculate (a) the speed of the carriage and passenger at B if air resistance and
other frictional forces can be ignored, (b) the average frictional force acting on the carriage and
passengers as it moves from A to B.
(a) Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101 kPa on average. The density of air at sea level is 1.2 kg m-3.
Calculate the height of an atmosphere of constant density equal to 1.2 kg m-3.
(b) The atmosphere extends to a height of more than 100 km above the Earth. What does your calculation
in (a) tell you about the atmosphere?
A flat-bottomed can, partially filled with sand, floats in water (density 1000 kg m-3) at a depth of
0.10 m. The can with the sand weighs 50 N. What weight of sand should be added for the can to
float at the same depth in a liquid of density 1200 kg m-3?
A 1 kW electric motor is used to lift a load of 300 N with the aid of a simple pulley system. A force
of 200 N applied by the motor will just lift the load.
(a) Explain why the force needed to lift the load is less than 300 N.
(b) Calculate the efficiency of the pulley system.
(c) The motor lifts the load 8.0 m in 5.0 s. What is the overall efficiency of the motor and pulley
system? State any assumptions you make.
A steel ball of mass 0.25 kg hanging from the end of a thread at rest, is in contact with
a steel ball of mass 0.15 kg which also hangs from a thread. The heavier ball is raised
through a height of 0.10 m with the thread taut, by drawing it aside. It is then released and it
strikes the lighter ball, causing the lighter ball to gain a height of 0.05 m. Use the principle of
conservation of momentum to calculate the velocity of the heavier ball just after the impact. Hence
calculate the height gain of the heavier ball as a result of the impact.
An empty, flat-bottomed iron barge of weight 450 kN floats with the base of its hull 1.5 m below the
water line. Calculate (a) the area of the base of the boat, b) the maximum weight of cargo it can
carry if it can float no more than 2.0 m lower in the water. The density of water is 1000 kg m-3
A flat-bottomed ferry boat floats at rest in sea water of density 1050 kg m-3 with the underside of its
hull 1.20 m below the water line. When it carries its maximum permitted load of 40 000 N, it floats
0.05 m lower in the water. Calculate (a) the weight of the ferry boat when unloaded, (b) the depth
of the hull below the water line in lake water of density 1000 kg m-3 when fully loaded.