Scribd
Upload
23 views18 pages

Matrices

Class 12 chapter 3

Uploaded by

sucessfulfamily
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
23 views18 pages

Matrices

Class 12 chapter 3

Uploaded by

sucessfulfamily
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ere ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 43 IFA =[aj}man and B=[ijlaxp be two matrices of orders mxn and nx p respectively, then their product AB is of order mx p such that h (AB)g = row of A) (j" column of B) fori=1, 2,.... mand j =1, 2, by = (AB)g =[55- 42---» Gn] fi = oy byj +49 bof + oot Bin Oyj by If A and Bare two matrices such that ABexists then BA may not exist. Even if both ABand BA exist, it is not necessary that AB = BA. Following are properties of the matrix multiplication: D a by ma (i) Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general. (i) Matrix multiplication is-associative’ite. A (BC) =(AB)C, whenever both sides are defined. (ii) Matrix multiplication is distributive over matrix addition ie. (i) A (B+C) = AB+ AC (i) (A+B)C =AC + BC, whenever both sides of equality are defined. (iv) IfAisanmxnmatrix, then ly A=A = Aly. (v) IfAis anmxnmatrix, then AO =Om xp 29d Op xm A =Opxn TRANSPOSE OF AMATRIX Let A =[qj]be anmx nmatrix. Then, the transpose of A, denoted by AT or A’, is annxm matrix such that (A )j =a, for alli=1, 2, ...,mand j=, 2r -y™ Following are some properties of transpose: (@ Forany matrix A,(A7)" =A i) For two matrices A and B of the same order, (A+ ByT =AT +B". (ii) IFA is a matrix and kis a scalar, then (kA)? =k AT. (iv) IFA and Bare two matrices such that AB is defined then (AB) =BT AT. [aj] is called a symmetric matrix if a = SYMMETRIC MATRIX A square matrix A = ii for alli, j A square matrix A is symmetric iff AT = A. /SKEW-SYNMETRIC MATRIX A square matrix A =[qj] is called a skew symmetric matrix, if 4j =m forall, j A square matrix A is skew-symmetric iff AT =A. Following are some properties of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices: (i) The diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are all zero. (i) If Ais any square matrix, then A+ AT is symmetric and A-AT is skew-symmetric. (ii) Every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as the sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew-symmetric matrix. iv) IfA and Bare symmetric matrices, then AB is symmetric iff AB = BA. (v) If Aand Bare symmetric matrices of the same order, then (a) A+ Bis symmetric (b) AB+ BA is symmetric (c) ABBA is skew-symmetric. Scanned with CamScanner oN 44 MATHEMATICS. (vi) All positive integral powers of a symmetric matrix are symmetric. (vii) All positive odd integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are skew-symmetre matrices and positive even integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix 4. symumetric matrices, (viii) A matrix which is both symmetric as well as skew-symmetric is a null matrix, _ SOLVED EXAMPLES | MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)_ EXAMPLE1 Total number of possible matrices of order 3x 3 with each entry 2 or 0 is (a) 9 (b) 27 (©) 81 (d) 512 Ans. (d) INCERT EXEMPLAR} SOLUTION A 3x 3matrix has 9 elements and each element can be 2 or 0i.e. each element can be chosen in 2 ways. Therefore, by using the fundamental principle of counting the total number of ways in which 9 elements can be chosen is 2° =512. Hence, total number of matrices is 512, 004 (POOMPLE2 The matrix P=|0 4 olisa 400 (a) square matrix (b) diagonal matrix (c) unit matrix (A) scalar matrix Ans. (a) INCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Clearly P is a square matrix of order 3x 3. 100 EXAMPLE3 The matrix] 2 0] is a/an oo4 (a) identity matrix (b) scalar matrix (c) diagonal matrix (d) none of these Ans. (c) SOLUTION We find that the given matrix is a square matrix whose all non-diagonal elements are zero. So, it is a diagonal matrix. -1 0 0 EXAMPLE4 The matrix] 0 -2 0|isa/an 0 0 -4 (a) identity matrix (b) symmetric matrix (c) scalar matrix (d) null matrix Ans. (b) SOLUTION Options (a), (c) and (d) are not correct. We find that the transpose of the given matrix is the matrix itself. So, it is a symmetric matrix. 100 EXAMPLES The matrix A=|0 2 0|isa/an 004 (@) identity matrix (b) symmetric matrix (c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) none of these [NCERT EXEMPLAR] Ans. (b) SOLUTION Clearly, matrix A is not an identity matrix. It is not a skew-symmetric matrix as its diagonal elements are not all zero. We find that A = A’. Hence, A is a symmetric matrix. Scanned with CamScanner MATHEMATICS.) ae Xt, UNCERT EXEMPLAR) Ans. (¢) Il other el SOLUTION We find that the diagonal elements of matrix A are all zero and all other elements satisfy qj =—aj; for alli, [Link], A is a skew-symmetric matrix, EXAMPLE 11 IfA =[aj]is a square matrix of order 3 such that a = (b) a symmetric matrix (a) an identity matrix. LP, then A is (a) a skew-symmetric matrix (©) a scalar matrix Ans. (a) SOLUTION We have, aj ay; for alli, j > a So, A is a skew-symmetric matrix. PSAMPLEI2 The number of elements below the diagonal of a square matrix of order n is =0 and 4 n(n+1) n(n) (n=1) (n-2) (n+1) (n+2) @ *e ® oe as Ans. (b) SOLUTION There aren” elements in a square matrix of ordermout of which elements are in the leading diagonal. So, the number of elements other than the diagonal elements is (n? -1).Half of these elements are above the diagonal and half are below the diagonal. Hence, required number n(n-1). of elements is} (2-1) = EXAMPLE13 [fA {i ob then A? is equal to O01 10 01 10 ® [; a] ® [i a © lc 1 @ [o fl Ans. (d) (NCERT EXEMPLAR] 0 eeu JE HE 01 SOLUTION We rave al) | ASAMPLE 14 matrix A Uj a, here ay = {1 itie) ofl A? sequal to @! OA 0 (A) none of these Ans. (a) INCERT EXEMPLAR, CBSE 2023] a M2] _[0 1 SOLUTION We have, az “-[ o|=!= Atsr [See example 13] AKAMPLE 15 IfA isa matrix of order mx nand Bis a matrix such that ABT and BTA both are defined, then order of matrix B is (a) mxm (b) nxn () mxn (a) nxm — Scanned with CamScanner er ALGEBRA OF MATRICES ar Ans. () [NCERT EXEMPLAR] n=q and p=m => Bisof ordermxn. PAMILEIS IFA and B are square matrices ofthe same order, then matrix (ABT -BA") isa (@) symmetric matrix (©) skew-symmetric matrix (0) mull matrix (4) unit matrix ‘Ans. (b) [NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION We find that (Bt —BAT)T = (ABT)? —(waT)T =BTVT AT (AT) BT = Ba ~ABT=-(ABT -BAT) ‘AB! -BA! is askew-symmetric matrix. EXAMPLEI7 If A isa square matrix such that A? =I, then (A-1)3 +(A+1)°—7< is equal to @A (b) I-A (I+A (a) 34 Ans. (a) INCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION We find that the identity matrix I commutes with matrix A ie. AI = A =A. (A-D° =A3-3A?43A-I and (A+D9=A9+3A7+3A41 = (A-D3+(A+#1N3-7A=243 +6A-7A =2(A7A)+ 64-7 f =2(IA)+6A-7A =2A+6A-7A=A ASAMPLEI8 For any two matrices A and B, (@) AB=BA (b) AB# BA (¢) AB=O (4) none of these Ans. (b) (NCERT EXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general. Therefore, AB + BA. EXAMPLE 19 If A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of the same order, then AB is symmetric if (@) AB=O (b) AB=-BA (0) AB=BA (@) BA=0 Ans. (0) SOLUTION Given that A and Bare skew-symmetric matrices F AT =-Aand BT =-B. Now, ABis symmetric (AB)? = AB @ BTAT =AB <= (-B) (~A) = AB e@ BA=AB {CBSE 2023] oa 3 EXAMPLE20 Ifthe matrix A =|2b 1 isa skew-symmetric matrix, then a+b +6 = c10 @s &) 0 5 (d) none of these Ans. (a) SOLUTION Aisa skew-symmetric matrix. —3=atb+e=-5 14% BAMPLen [fA=| z 2 y[isasymmetric matrix, then x + y+ 2s equal to -1 3 a) 10 ) 6 ©8 (d) 0 Scanned with CamScanner ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 49 MPLE2S Let M bea 3x 3 matrix satisfying 0} f-2 ypa 1] [0 MJ1J=| 2/,M/~1/=| 1 Jand,M=|1|=) 0). Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M, is Oy LS 6} [-1 1} [2 () 7 (b) 8 09 (6 | Ans. (¢) | abe | SOLUTION LetM =|x y z| . Then, | Iman oie | = |y|=| 2) = b=-1,y=2,m=3 | m 3 | 1 > 1) a-b=1,x-y=1,l-m=-1 = a=0,x=3,1=2 1 1 0 and, M|1|=| 0| > a+b4+c=0,x+y+2=0,l+m4n=12 > c=1,2=-1,n=7 1 12 Sum of diagonal elements of M=a+y+n=0+2+7=9 1 0 0 EXAMPLE26 If A=|0 1 0|, then A? is equal to a b-1 (2) anull matrix (b) aunit matrix (0) -A (@) A Ans. (b) SOLUTION We have, 10 o] f1 0 0] f1 0 oF A?=|0 1. 0| |0 1 Oj=|0 1 0 ab -1] [ab -1] |o 0 1 8). TL cost sinx camce27 For what oaue of [0 eaea =V3I, where ‘S one = Bs 0 (a) = (a) ' OF © (da) a Ans. (b) [CBSE 2023) SOLUTION Wehave, A+A™ =V3I cosx sinx] [cosx -sinx|_| V3 0 > [ *leinx cosx] [0 3. -sinx cosx, > 2eosx 0 J _[V8 9 |, acosx=V/3= cosx = 0 2cosx}"| 0 V3. Scanned with CamScanner [Link] 4.10 EXAMPLE28 If A [ ee a , then A = is true for x (a) 0=0 (b) o=F © o=5 (d) none of these Ans. (a) cos 20 sin 20] 2 SOLUTION We have, A’ ee 20 cos 20 A? 21 = cos 20=1 and sin 20=0 = 0=0. EXAMPLE29. If A isa square matrix A? = A, then (I +A)? 3A is equal to @1 A (2A (d) 31 Ans. (a) [CBSE 2023] SOLUTION We have, A? =1 (14.4)? -3A =(1+A) (I+.A)-3A =I +IA+ Al + AA~-3A =I+A+A+A?-3A =14+3A-3A=1 ASAMPLE 30 An nxn matrix is formed using 0, 1 and -1 as its elements. The number of such matrices which are skew- symmetric, is n(n) n(n-1) @ ©) (n-9? (22 @3 2 Ans. (4) SOLUTION All leading diagonal elements of a skew- symmetric are zero. So, to form a skew-symmetric matrix A =[qj] of ordernxn, we need to know the elements a; for i% Clearly, these two equations are inconsistent. Hence, there is no value of a satisfying A? = =1 anda +1=5 or ZOOMPLES If A La a] and (31+ 4A) (314A) = x21, then the value(s) of x is/are (a) v7 (b) 0 () £5 (a) 25 [CBSE 2023 Ans. (c) Jot 2_4a-[ 0 Nf 0 pa 0 sowon vetwe Auf? f]=ataaae[.? J] 9 Jal (31+ 4A) (31-44) = x71 => 91-121 +121 -16A? = x21 Scanned with CamScanner re | ALGEBRA OF MATRICES an | 91-124 +12A +161 =x? pe Atel) Py 5] =x71 = x2 =25 => x=45 or COMPLE SS yal 0] tten a2 ‘sequal to fd 0 00 20230 @ [0 4] &) le a © [0 a al a 103| pa [CBSE 2023] or soLuTION Wehave, 4=[9 a] 2_ 44 -J0 1] J 1]_[o 0 a =aa-[ a] [2 al-[0 0| A203 -(42)10114 0A =0 Each of the following examples contains STATEMENT~1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason) has following four choices (a), (b), () and (A), only one of which is the correct answer. Mark the correct answer. (a) Statement-1is true, Statement-2is true; Statement-2isa correct explanation forStatement-1. (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1. (0) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. Hence, x00 200 xa 0 0 AOE ss Statement-1 (A):IfP =|0 y OlandQ=|0 b 0|,thePQ=|0 yb 0}. 002 00c 0 0 zx 1-2 (R): The product of two diagonal matrices of the same order is a diagonal matrix of that order whose diagonal elements are the products of corresponding diagonal elements of the given matrices. Statemen Ans. (a) SOLUTION If A =diag (ay 43 43 . then sad) and B= diag (by By b3 -..bp) are two diagonal matrices, AB = ding (05 By, 42 ba, 8539-8 bn) So, statement-2 is correct. Using statement-2, we obtain PQ =diag (xa yb zc). So, statement-1 is ement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. Hence, option (a) is correct. oie 2023 = BA, (5 oh then A%™23 B= BA, alsocorrect and stat wort ss Statement-1(A): IFA (E 1-2(R); If Aand Bare two square matrices such that AB = BA, then A"B = BA". ‘Statement Ans. (a) SOLUTION If AB=BA, then A(AB) =A (BA) [Pre-multiplying by A] > (AA) B =(AB) A = A?B=(BA) A [+ AB=BA]) Scanned with CamScanner 7 412 MATHEMATICS.x), > A? B=B(AA)= A? B=BA? Similarly, it can be shown that A"B = BA" (using the principle of mathematical induction). So, statement-2 is true. A B= BA%®. So, statement-l is true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. Hence, option (a) is correct. (AXAMPLE 36 Statement=1 (A): If A is a square matrix such that A? = 1, then (I+ A)? -3A =1. Statement-2(R): If A is anmxnmatrix, then Aly = In A =A. Ans. (c) SOLUTION Statement-2 is correct (See theory in class XII book). Since AI = A = IA. Therefore, (1+.A)* =*Cy 14 FCA + FC, A? +...4 Cy AK Using this result, we obtain (I+ A)? 3A =1+2A4A?-3A =142A+1-3A=21-A [be A? =I] So, statement-1 is not correct. Hence, option (c) is correct. ee 201 PSOMPLE 37 Statement-1 (A): IfA=|3 -1 5|andB=|2 3 4], then BTABis a symmetric 1-5 4 156 matrix. Statement-2(R): The matrix BT A Bis symmetric, if A is a symmetric matrix. Ans. (a) SOLUTION Statement-2, being a standard result, is true. We find that AT =A, so A is a symmetric matrix. Therefore, by using statement-2, statement-1 is also true. Thus both the statements are true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. PAAMPLE 38 Statement-1 (A): If A isa symmetric matrix, then A? is a skew-symmetric matrix. Statement-2 (R):_ If A is a skew-symmetric matrix, then A? is a symmetric matrix. Ans. (d) SOLUTION All positive integral powers of a symmetric matrix are symmetric matrices. So, statement-1 is not true. All positive even integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are symmetric matrices. So, statement-2 is true. Hence, option (d) is correct. 35 -7 AR aMPLe 39 Statement-1 (A): Let A=| 1 3 5 | and B=A-AT. Then, B72 is a symmetric 5 7 9 matrix. Statement-2 (R): B® is skew-symmetric, Ans. (b) Scanned with CamScanner yr Ee ‘ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 4.13 soLUTION If Ais a square matrix, then B= A-AT is a skew-symmetric matrix. All positive even integral powers ofa skew-symmetric matrix are symmetric matrices. Therefore, B™™? is a symmetric matrix. So, statement-1is true. All positive odd integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are skew-symmetric matrices. Therefore, B22! is a skew-symmetric matrix. So, statement-2 is true, But, itis not a correct explanation for statement-1. FXOMPLE, 40 Statement-1(A): Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3. A(BA) and (AB) A are symmetric matrices. Statement-2 (R): AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication of A and Bis commutative. Ans. (b) SOLUTION We have, (a(Ba))? =(BA)T AT =(ATBT) AT =(AB) A=A (BA) and, (AB) A)” =AT (AB) = AT (BT AT) =A (BA) =(AB) A A (BA) and (AB) A are symmetric matrices. So, statement-1 is true. If matrix multiplication of A and Bis commutative. Then, AB = BA. (AB)? =BT A? =BA=AB => ABis symmetric matrix. So, statement-2 is true. But, itis not a correct explanation for statement-1. (CASE STUDY BASED EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 41 A manufacturer produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he sells in two markets. Annual sales are indicated below: NEW DELI Stationery nar STATIONERS -~ PrucrErs a Products (in numbers) be Pencil Eraser Sharpener A 10,000, 2,000 18,000 B 6,000 20,000 8,000 If the unit sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are ® 2.50, @ 1.50 and & 1.00 respectively, and unit ost of the above three commodities are € 2.00, % 1.00 and ® 0.50 respectively, then [CBSE Question Bank] Scanned with CamScanner ON MATHI 418 EMATICN, 2 34 If A and B are two matrices such that AB =A and BA = B, then B? is equal to (a) B () A 1 @o CIF AB = A and DA =B, where A and Bare square matrices, then (a) B?=BandA2=A (b) B? ¥ Band A? =A (© A? #A, Be =B (@) A? # A,B? 4B $e If A and B are two matrices such that AB=B and BA =A, then A? + B? is equal to (a) 24B (b) 2BA () A+B (d) AB cos2% gg 2k 6. If Ze 7,| = [o 1] , then the least positive integral value of k is sin cos 2% 7 7 fa) 3 (b) 4 (©) 6 (d) 7 2€7f the matrix ABs a null matrix then (a) It is not necessary that either A =O or, B=O. (b) A=Oor B=0 (©) A =OandB =0 (4) all the above statements are wrong 200 8. wala a | ena 00a ao 0 a 0 9 na 0 0 0 @ 0] ©@lo # of @lo nao 00 a 00 0 0 na a0 9 @lo @ o| @ 00,4 9. IfAand Bare square matrices of the same order, then (A +B) (A~B) is equal to (a) A?-B (b) A? -BA~AB~B? (c) A2~B? + BA—AB (d) A2-BA+B?+AB (NCERT EXEMPLAR] nm 0 0 a ay a3 WUEA=|0 n OlandB=|b, by by , then AB is equal to 00 n ee cg. (a) B (b) nB (©) B" (d) A+B i. wel i} then A” (wheren € N) equals 2 @) la al ) fs re © fa ) @ iF "| 1 2x 1-2 y 12. IfA=|0 1 OjandB=|0 1 O|and AB=13, thenx+yequals 001 o o1 (@ 0 (b) -1 2 (4) noné of these 13. wa-[ eff i and(A + B)? = A? + B?, then values of aandb are (a) a=4,b=1 )a=1b=4 ()a=0b=4 (d)a=2,b=4 Scanned with CamScanner Gea OF MATRICES nN 4A9 a p a WA (; Ji Jissen that A? = 1, then 2 2 OMe ieee © 1-2 apy 20 ea eS () 1402 py=0 [NCERT] [sy] is a cal i w eae @ scalarmatrix such that 5, = kand Aisa square matrix of the same order, then t 0 OATS (9), ka (@) ks 46, If Aisa square matrix such that A2 =A, then (I+ A)3 74 is equal to en lee 1 (@ 3A [NCERT] 17, Wamatrix A is both symmetric and skew-symmetti then to) Aisa diagonal matrix (6) Asa zero matrix © ne ee (4) Aisa square matrix INCERT] ~7 18. Thematrix|-5 0 11fis 7-11 Oo (a) a skew-symmetric matrix (©) adiagonal matrix 47 If Aisa square matrix, then AA is a (@) skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix (©) diagonal matrix (@) none of these 20. If A and Bare symmetric matrices, then ABA is (2) symmetric matrix (©) diagonal matrix (b) a symmetric matrix (4) an upper triangular matrix (b) skew-symmetric matrix (a) scalar matrix a wa} dent = 7, then @) x=0,y=5 9 by xty=5 |) xay (@) none of these [CBSE 2023] BIE A is 3x 4 matrix and Bis a matrix such that ATB and BAT are both defined. Then, Bis of the type @ 3x4 (b) 3x3 (9 4x4 (@) 4x3 >, then 23. If A =[qj]is a square matrix of even order such that 4 (a) Aisa skew-symmetric matrix and| A|=0 (b) Ais symmetric matrix and| Ais a square (©) Ais symmetric matrix and| A|=0 (4) none of these. tA “(Re ser then A? +A=1z if sin@ cos 0 @) O=nxnez ©) 0 = Qn+E mez © 9 = Inn4F mez (d) none of these Scanned with CamScanner 420 MATH, 2 0-3 . 25. If A=| 4 3. 1] is expressed as the sum of a symmetric and skey, -5 7 2 matrix, then the symmetric matrix is 2 2-4 2 4-5 4 4-8 1 0 9 @|2 3 4| om} o0 3 7/@| 4 & 8@jo 1 go -4 4 2 -3 1 2 -8 8 4 0 0 4 26. Out of the following matrices, choose that matrix which is a scalar matrix: 0 0 0 20 0 00 @ [ ] [ | (lo o (4) Jo 02 ]o 00 00 0 27. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 x 3with each entry 0 or 1 or~1 is (@) 27 1 () 36 (©) 81 @ 3° 28. Which of the given values of x and y make the following pairs of matrices equal? 3x47 5 af? 472 y+1 23x] 18 4 @ x=-L ya? @y=7,22-2 (9 x=-1,4=-2 (@) Notpossiblets 3° eB 3 5 fi 29. A = lB -4] anata-[,, | then the values of k, a,b, are respectively (a) -6,-12,-18 — (b) -6,4,9 (©) -6,-4,-9 (d) -6,12,18 _f1 oO) ,_fou _[ os6 sin 0 gent =[) thre [a 4 and 8 =| Seta So] then Bequals (@) Icos 0+] sin @ () Isin 0+ cos 6 (0) Tos @-J sin @ (4) -Tcos 0+ J sin 8 1-5 7 31. The trace of thematrixA =| 0 7 9lis n 8 9 (a) 17 (b) 25 ©3 (d) 12 32. IfA =[qj]isa scalarmatrix of ordern x nsuch thata; =k foralli, then trace of A isequal!? (a) nk (b) n+k © t (d) none of these 2 3 -1 3 33. IFA= 2 and B=|4 ~2] , then 4 5 1 15 (a) only ABis defined (©) only BA is defined () ABand BA both are defined (4) ABand BA both are not defined 1 [NcERT EXEMF yer 100=[35 4 then f(ax) =f(3) is equal to (a) (@-? xh OEVrh © @-yy @ xb ud Scanned with CamScanner yr i geBRAOF ‘MATRICES. 421 A 4 x+27. ; 3. tapes x+2 |! 2 Symmetric matrix, then x = @3 os ©2 @4 ee efi y _ 36. os ott 1 |then ay = @ -1 0 ©1 (@ 2 x 1 Ae such that A? = Jy , then the value of xis 37. 10 (1 (b) 2 ©3 (d) 0 J Matrix theory was introduced by (@) Newton (b) Cayley-Hamilton (c) Cauchy (4) Euclid @& if Aand B are two matrices such that A+B and ABare both defined, then (a) Aand Bare not necessarily of the same order. (0) Aand Bare square matrices of the same order. (c) Number of columns of A =Number of rows of B (a) none of these ah gfx 40, Theorder of the matrixle y al]h b f|lylis sf cllz (@) 3x1 (b) 1x1 (© 1«3 (@ 3x3 oata-l' J sen that a? =O, then = (a) 0 (b) #1 (©) -1 @i 42. Ifm,nare natural numbers such that frm} rl = [25] and m Scanned with CamScanner ON 4.22 MATHEMATICg, At), 46. Consider the following statements In respect of matrix 1-1) SpA? s-A; 8): A9 AA Which of the above statements is/are correct? (@) only (b) S only (¢) both §, and § (d) neither $ nor 5, i) x 0 An As = = B, equa [: 1} [i Jona B?, then x equals (a) 41 (b) -1 (1 (d) 2 [CBSE anny b}fa -v 48. Th ° equa cron, "Jf ome Par 9 (a+b)? 0 a+b? 0 a 0 (a) (b) (d} BSE | 0 ait{ lasne 0) [ara 0 of 4 oa 49. IEA=[1 2. 3], then AA’ is equal to 100 Te2ms (a) 14 )]o 20 @]2 31 (4) 114] CBSE 2023) 003 312 3 Ve) pr ool Te 16 (a) 3 (b) -3 (©) -4 (d) 4 [CBSE 2023) 51. If matrix A iE “onda? ten the value of k is @1 (b) -2 () 2 (@) -1 [CBSE 2023] 527 For any 2 x2 matrix P, which ofthe following matrices can beQ such that PQ=QP? 1 0 11 @ efi] © fa] {4) No such matrix exists as matrix multiplication is not commutative, 53° and Q are matrices such that both P *+Qand PQ are defined. Which of the following is true about P and Q? (a) P and Q can be any matrices but of the same order (b) P and Q must be square matrices of the same order (©) P and Q must be square matrices not necessarily of the same order (4) Order of P and Q must be of the formmx k and k x™ respectively, with no condition ofmandn ASSERTION-REASON BASED MCQs Each of the following questions contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason) and has following four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), only one of which is the correct coon Bt Scanned with CamScanner nae ,uGeBRAOF MATRICES 423 statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-L statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement-1. © Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (@) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true, pi-Bratement-1 (A): Statement-2 (R): 587 Statement-I (A): Statement-2 (R): 56 Statement-I (A): Statement-2 (R): 57. Statement-1 (A): Statement-2 (R): 58. Statement-1 (A): Statement-2 (R): 59<“Statement-1 (A): Statement-2 (R): 60. Statement-1 (A): Statement-2 (R): 61. Statement-1 (A): Statement-2 (R): 3 5 75 A= 2g 2030 _ 2030, (i pana e=| atten 48 0 = BPA, If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB = BA, then, AB" = B'A for alln e N. 0-3 4 123 1fAs| 3. 0 SlandB=|2 1 3) thenB™ABisa skew-symmetric -4 5 0 463 matrix. Let A and B be square matrices of the same order. Then, BTAB is skew-symmetric when A is skew-symmetric. If Ais a symmetric matrix, then B” AB is also symmetric. (asc)? =CTBTAT If Aand Bare symmetric matrices of the same order, then ABBA is a skew-symmetric matrix. If AandB are any two square matrices of the same order, then (ABT =BTAT If A and Bare symmetric matrices of same order, then ABis symmetric iff AB =BA. If A and B are any two square matrices of the same order, then (AB)" =A7BT. 0 -4 3 The matrix A2™ is a symmetric matrix, whereA=| 4 0 7) -3 7 0 Even positive integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are symmetric matrices. 3-2 5 iA=|1 49 and B=A+AT, then B™ is a symmetric matrix. 6 23. If Aisa square matrix, then A~AT is a skew-symmetric matrix. Every square matrix can be uniquely written as the sum of asymmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix. If Aisa square matrix, then A + A? isa symmetric matrix and A —AT is a skew-symmetric matrix. Scanned with CamScanner wae ,.ae0RA OF MATRICES 426 (v) The total requirement of proteins (In gms) of two families Is (a) 880 (b) 888. (©) 980 (d) 808 4g. Two farmers Ravi and Ramu cultivate only three varieties of pulses namely Urad, Masoor and Mung; The sale (in €) of these varieties of pulses by both the farmers in the month of geptember and October are given by the following matrices A and B. Fig. 4.3. Urad Masoor Mung A 10000 20000 30000) Ravi tember sales : As September sales Gn.) [Foon 30000 ino Ramu Urad Masoor Mung 5000 10000 6000] Ravi tober sales (in®): A= Mesa Tao eC Mc [zro0 10000 st00| Ramu Using the above information, answer the following questions: () The estimated sales of Masoor in September and October for farmer Ramu, is (a) 780,000 (b) % 90,000 (©) % 40,000 (d) % 135,000 (i) The combined sales of Urad in September and October for farmer Ravi, is (a) €20,000 (bv) & 30,000 (©) © 36,000 (a) & 15,000 (iii) The decrease in sales of Mung from September to October for farmer Ravi, is (a) €24,000 —(b) % 10,000 (©) © 30,000 (@) no change (iv) Ifboth the farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, then the profit for each farmer and for each variety sold in October, is ‘Urad Masoor Mung Urad Masoor Mung (a) 100 200 220) Ravi (b) 100 200 120) Ravi 400 300 200 | Ramu 400 200 200 | Ramu Urad Masoor Mung Urad Masoor Mung (F150 200 220] Ravi (a) [100 200 120] Ravi a 200 280 | Ramu 250 200 220 | Ramu (¥) Which variety of pulses has the highest selling value in the month of September for the farmer Ramu? (a) Urad (b) Masoor (©) Mung — (d) allof these have same price Scanned with CamScanner a 4.26 MATHEMATICA yy A Wiile workitg with excel, we need to switch or rotate cells. You can do this by copyn, Dusting, and using the Transpose option. But doing that creates duplicated data, Ifyou dog Want that, you can type a formula instead using the TRANSPOSE function. For example, the following picture the formula = TRANSPOSE(A1:B4) takes the cells A1 through BA ang arranges them horizontally. AG fr (*TRANSPOSE(AL:B4)} rot Lee 1 Jan A Tre 200 T]he a0 tr 3 ; Sa | CR TT Fol at ayn 3 Fig. 4.4 @) A square matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and then symmetric part of A is, @ Ftasaty ) Zt -A7) par =A) (d) none of them (i) A square matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and then skew-symmetric part of A is (a) 314447) a haat) © F(AT-A)—(@) noneofthem 125 (ii) Symmetric part of A=|3 2 1] is 457 59 5 9 59 5 9 1 = 1-2 2 o2: o> = | 5 2 2 522 7. a)|2 23 = 2 es (a)| -2 3 M5 ©) -> 3] ©} 0 3 @)-5 0 9 9 9 9 537 = -307 230 = 300 2 73 2 a. 125 (iv) Skew-symmetric part of A=|3 2 1/is 457 at 11 1. 1A ott o> - o> oof 3.22 fe 122 122 a) | — 2 +0 2 = - @| > 0 ) |-5 O}-7 0 2) @/> 02 “l 1 1 a = 20 > 2 -> 5 20 5 5 0 aoe Oo 72 Scanned with CamScanner ES {ALGEBRA OF MATRICES 6a (v) When writing square matrix A as the sum of symmetric and. shew-symenetric metrices, is symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are unique? (a) Yes (b) No 1.0 20 3 4. (a) 5.) 6) 7@ 20 20 n® 20 24 BO HO BO BO 7 we y@) 2.@) 2© 2) 23) 24 © 3@® 22 7@ 3 @ 2 © 3@ 3.4 2@ BO HO % xo 37. @ 38) 39.) 40.) 41.) o) 30) #2) &e 0) 47. 48.@ 49.4) 50. @ 20 20 30 #@ 5 (@) 36.0) 37.0) 586) 59.2) 60.0) 6) 2) BaaAa@™O MO MO Me £000 @ GO MO We 6 )90MO@ MAO WOH Me 6.07000 HO WMA ™ @ Scanned with CamScanner

You might also like