SP Degumming

Set Value MV
+- FIC FCV Process

PV FT

Mass Flow Control System of Degumming Process (greater than or equal to 50

ppm)

The closed-loop control system schematic of the crude soybean oil entering the tank

mixer is shown in Figure 3._. The study presents a simple closed-loop control approach for

monitoring the crude soybean oil and Phosphoric Acid (H 3PO4) that are entering the tank

mixer, regulating the mass flow to ensure that the incoming mass of crude soybean oil and

phosphoric acid are accurate to start the degumming process. A Flow Indicator Controller

controls the control system loop, sending a signal to the final controlling element to take

action.

SP Neutralization
Set Value MV
+- FIC FCV Process

PV FT
Mass Flow Control System of Degumming Process (less than 50 ppm)

Figure 3._ illustrates the schematic representation of the mass flow control

system designed for regulating the entry of crude soybean oil into the mixing tank.

The research introduces a straightforward closed-loop control method aimed at

monitoring crude soybean oil with less than 50 ppm, destined for direct entry into the

tank for neutralisation. A Flow Indicator Controller manages the control system loop,
 transmitting a signal to the ultimate controlling component to initiate necessary

actions.

SP
MV Crude Soybean
+- TIC 101 CV 101 Oil

PV
TT 101

Figure 3.4 illustrates the closed-loop control system schematic used to regulate and
monitor the temperature of crude soybean oil as it enters the mixing tank. A simple closed-
loop control system is described in the study for ensuring that crude soybean oil is at the
proper temperature to initiate the process. This control system's temperature transmitter is
intended to receive the required temperature input for crude soybean oil. It is the
responsibility of the Temperature-Indicating Controller to regulate and control the process.
By opening the control valve, the crude oil is permitted to enter the mixing tank.

CV-H
S 102
P M Neutralized
+- TIC V CV-M Soybean Oil
102 102
CV-C 102

PV
FT
102
The control system diagram of the neutralisation process in the batch reactor is depicted in
Figure 3.5. The utilisation of a multi-loop control system is proposed for regulating the flow of
incoming fluid in order to effectively maintain the desired temperature within the batch
reactor throughout the neutralisation process. The transmitter of this control system will
transfer a signal to the controller, enabling it to issue a command to the control valves.
These valves will then be opened, allowing the flow of liquid to regulate and maintain the
desired temperature.

S M Deodoriz
+- TI +- PI C ed

P PT

P TT
The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system is a feedback-based

mechanism that continually modifies the output parameter in order to align it with the

intended setpoint of the system. The control loop feedback mechanism is extensively

employed in industrial control systems. The PID controller utilises three distinct elements,

namely the proportional, integral, and derivative terms, in order to modulate the output of the

process with the objective of minimising the error and effectively converging the process

variable towards the desired setpoint.

The proportional component is only influenced by the disparity between the set point

and the process variable. The distinction in question is commonly denoted as the Error term.

The value of the proportional gain (Kc) governs the relationship between the output response

and the error signal. Consequently, the presence of a little error term will lead to a gradual

increment in the integral component. The integral response exhibits a persistent upward trend

over time unless the error is reduced to zero. Consequently, the outcome is the elimination of

Steady-State error. The steady-state error refers to the ultimate discrepancy that exists

between the process variable and the set point after the conclusion of a system's operation.

The derivative component has a negative relationship with the output, whereby an increase in

the process variable results in a drop in the output, particularly when the process variable is

experiencing rapid growth. The derivative output is directly proportional to the rate of change
of the process variable. The adjustment of the derivative time (Td) parameter will result in

heightened responsiveness of the control system to variations in the error term, hence

accelerating the overall response speed of the control system. The output of a proportional-

integral-derivative (PID) controller is defined by the summation of its proportional, integral,

and derivative components. In order to optimize the stability, precision, and response time of

the control system under any circumstances, the PID controller is adjusted by manipulating

its respective constants

The pid controller & theory explained. (n.d.). Retrieved November 09, 2023, from

[Link]

Edible Oil Standard

Edible oil quality—Oklahoma state university. (2016, January 1).

[Link]

American Oil Chemists Society, A.O.C.S. (2009). Official Methods and Recommended

Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society, Official methods and Recommended

Practices. AOCS [Link], Illinois, U.S.A.

Jiang, Y., Wang, X., Xu, X., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Effect of Tocopherols and Phytosterol

on Color Reversion of MCT. [Link]

P Tempe
rature
The feedback control loop diagram that is presented illustrates a general system that is used

to control temperature; it is not limited to a mixing tank. In this loop, the liquid's measured

temperature is represented by the process variable (PV), and the desired temperature is

indicated by the setpoint (SP). The error signal is produced by the difference between the

PV and SP and is sent to a controller so that corrective action can be taken. This particular

setup shows an on/off controller, where the output signal aims to eliminate the error signal
and align the PV with the SP by activating or deactivating the heating system based on its

polarity. The heating system receives the output signal from the controller and uses it to

warm the liquid inside the tank. A circulating pump makes it easier for heated liquid to move

around and mixes it with colder liquid from the bottom of the tank to ensure a consistent

temperature distribution. By returning data to the controller for ongoing adjustment, the

temperature sensor completes the feedback loop by keeping an eye on the temperature of

the mixed liquid.

Darla Jemina Wyne R. Ilao

Charliemae D. Mamongay
ICE 23-001

Earleen Jhovell V. Manalo

Deo S. Salvacion
ICE 23-001