2/13/24, 10:25 PM Python notes

These are the basic codes for python exam

preparation.

Note: These are just glance of the syllabus,

if you want full syllabus refer your notes
In [75]: #to print multiple numbers
a=2,3,4
print(a)

(2, 3, 4)

In [33]: #To print multiple values at a time

print(12,3.4,"icbm")

12 3.4 icbm

In [7]: #Variable c=2, in this "C" is a variable

#funtion = ()
#List = []

In [9]: #integers(numbers)
x=(1,2,3)
print(x)

(1, 2, 3)

In [24]: #strings(text which is under " ")

x=("abc")
print(x)

abc

In [25]: x=('abc','bce')
print(x)

('abc', 'bce')

In [12]: #float(numbers with decimals)

x=(10.2,5.2,3)
print(x)

(10.2, 5.2, 3)

In [13]: #type
type("ali")

str
Out[13]:

In [27]: #Example program to print as int

type(2)

int
Out[27]:

In [17]: type(2.4)

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float
Out[17]:

In [23]: #multiple types at once

x=("ali")
y=(22206)
z=(8.5)
print(type(x),type(y),type(z))

<class 'str'> <class 'int'> <class 'float'>

In [32]: # Example program to print the array location of particular value

# Id= will provide the memory location of a particular value or variable.

id(x)

2547355256768
Out[32]:

In [35]: # Arthemetic operators

# It means Addition, subraction, multiplication, division
# Note: we can do this with variable or without variable

# without a variable

2+4

6
Out[35]:

In [37]: #With ar variable

a=2+4
print(a)

In [39]: #All the functions of arthematic operators

a=4+2
b=4-2
c=3*2
d=9/2

print(a,b,c,d)

6 2 6 4.5

In [42]: #Modules (%) it gives the reminder

#example 12/5 it leaves the reminder 2

a=12%5
print(a)

In [50]: # Eample program to print as "Hello we are finance students"

a='are'
b='finance students'
c= 'Hello we {0} {1}'.format(a,b)
print(c)

#Note in this format is very important

Hello we are finance students

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In [57]: #Input function

#It is an inbuilt function it enables us to accept and input srting from the user
#without evaluating

#input function
x=input("salary")
print(x)

salary14500
14500

In [59]: #EVAL function

#it considered the string as value
eval('5+6')

11
Out[59]:

In [ ]: eval('10+4')

In [ ]: #Round function

a=round(10.653)
print(a)

In [1]: # Type conversion (important question)

#without type conversion

cost=input("enter the cost ")
profit=input("enter your profit ")
saleprice=cost+profit
print(saleprice)

enter the cost 12

enter your profit 24
1224

In [4]: #with type conversion, by adding "int"

cost=int(input("enter the cost "))

profit=int(input("enter your profit "))

saleprice=cost+profit

print(saleprice)

enter the cost 12

enter your profit 24
36

In [6]: #min max pow functions,

print(max(22,5,12))

22

In [8]: print(min(22,5,12))

In [10]: print(pow(2,3))

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In [12]: #Functions related to strings

x=('awais')
len(x)

5
Out[12]:

In [15]: #String are considered as compound data types.

#We can extract any character

x='icbm'
print(x[2])

In [19]: #String slicing: A segment of string is called slice

x='icbm sbe'
print(x[1:4])

#Remeber the index starts from zero in the Python

cbm

In [32]: # Starts with

a="awais"
print([Link]('a'))

True

In [35]: a="awais"
print([Link]('s'))

True

In [37]: #Alpha numeric = Combination of alphabet and number

p="iphone15"
print([Link]())

True

In [39]: #Find and count

x="we are icbm students "

print([Link]('e'))

In [49]: print([Link]('r'))

In [56]: #Case and align

print([Link]())

WE ARE ICBM STUDENTS

In [58]: print([Link]())

we are icbm students

In [60]: print([Link]())

We are icbm students

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In [62]: print([Link]())

We Are Icbm Students

In [66]: # Encode

y='hello'.encode('utf-32')
print(y)

b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00e\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00o\x00\x00\x0
0'

In [73]: y='123'.encode('utf-32')
print(y)

b'\xff\xfe\x00\x001\x00\x00\x002\x00\x00\x003\x00\x00\x00'

In [76]: #Decode

s=b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00e\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00o\x00\x00\x
print([Link]('utf-32'))

hello

In [79]: #String concatination

# Example program to join two strings

a="icbm"
b='sbe'
c=a+"-"+b
print(c)

icbm-sbe

In [102… # To get output as we are "finance" students

x="we are \"finance\"student"

print(x)

we are "finance"student

In [108… #Conditional statement (if statements)

age=int(input("age "))
if(age>=18):
print("eligible")
else:
print("not eligible")

age 15
not eligible

In [2]: #for three variables

a=int(input('first number '))
b=int(input('second number '))
c=int(input('third number '))

if(a>b and a>c):

print('first number is bigger')
elif(b>c):
print('second number is bigger')
else:
print('third number is bigger')

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first number12
second number15
third number10
second number is bigger

In [1]: # while loop

#statements are executed repeatedally as long as the value of expression
#remains non-zero

i=1
while(i<=5):
print(i)
i=i+1

1
2
3
4
5

In [2]: i=5
while(i>=1):
print(i)
i=i-1

5
4
3
2
1

In [19]: #for loop

for x in range(0,6,2):
print(x)

#in this zero to six with 2 difference

0
2
4

List methods
In [22]: #type list

x=['you','450']
type(x)

list
Out[22]:

In [25]: #len method

print(len(x))

In [28]: #negative indexing

x=['you',450,'me',900]
print(x[-2])

me

In [30]: print(x[-1])

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900

In [33]: #mutable sequence

#Replacing
x1=["icbm","sbe","pgdm"]
x1[0]="school"
print(x1)

['school', 'sbe', 'pgdm']

In [42]: #deleting the item

x1=["icbm","sbe","pgdm"]
[Link]()
print(x1)

[]

In [51]: #APPEND
x1=["icbm","sbe","pgdm"]
[Link]("Awais")
print(x1)

['icbm', 'sbe', 'pgdm', 'Awais']

In [53]: #insert
#this insert a item
v=['icbm','sbe', 'school']
[Link](1,"books")
print(v)

['icbm', 'books', 'sbe', 'school']

In [57]: #extend: it joins two lists

v=['icbm','sbe', 'school']
x=["array",'rows']
[Link](x)
print(v)

['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']

In [59]: #index
v=['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']
[Link]('sbe')

1
Out[59]:

In [64]: #list using for loop (important)

v=['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']
for v1 in v:
print(v)

['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']

['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']
['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']
['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']
['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']

In [67]: #sort method: it sort alphabeitically

v=['icbm', 'sbe', 'school', 'array', 'rows']
[Link]()
print(v)

['array', 'icbm', 'rows', 'sbe', 'school']

In [71]: #for reverse sort

[Link](reverse=True)
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print(v)

['school', 'sbe', 'rows', 'icbm', 'array']

In [72]: #Note: List will accept indexing, ordering, mutable, dublicates.

Sets
In [74]: #An object of type set array be created by enclosing the elements
#of the sets within loops "{}" => sets
#note: The element of a set required to be imutable objects
#it is a concept not a data type

#Note: Set types does not support indexing, slicing, additions & mulitplication
#It will allow dublicate value ex: {'icbm','icbm'}

In [77]: #example program on set

x={'icbm','ise','cse'}
print(x)

{'ise', 'icbm', 'cse'}

In [80]: # we cannot decide the order of output

a=set('aeiou')
print(a)

{'a', 'o', 'i', 'u', 'e'}

In [81]: # very very important, high chance of 10 marks

#example program to create a set with strings

# a) Chech with help of condition wheather a string is available or not
# b) Chech with help of loop wheather a string is available or not

In [83]: # a answer
a={'sbe', 'icbm', 'cse'}
if "sbe" in a:
print('available')
else:
print('not available')

available

In [85]: # b answer
for a1 in a:
print(a1)

sbe
icbm
cse

In [87]: #len method

print(len(a))

In [93]: #remove
a={'sbe', 'icbm', 'cse'}
[Link]('sbe')
print(a)

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{'icbm', 'cse'}

In [97]: # use discard instead of remove to avoid effors for non-availability of the element
a={'sbe', 'icbm', 'cse'}
[Link]('sbe')
print(a)

{'icbm', 'cse'}

In [100… #add element

a={'sbe', 'icbm', 'cse'}
[Link]('bike')
print(a)
#NOTE: order cannot be decided

{'sbe', 'bike', 'icbm', 'cse'}

visualization
In [103… # first installation
!pip install matplotlib

Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-pac

kages (3.7.2)
Requirement already satisfied: contourpy>=1.0.1 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\si
te-packages (from matplotlib) (1.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-p
ackages (from matplotlib) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\s
ite-packages (from matplotlib) (4.25.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\s
ite-packages (from matplotlib) (1.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.20 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-pa
ckages (from matplotlib) (1.24.3)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\sit
e-packages (from matplotlib) (23.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-
packages (from matplotlib) (9.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing<3.1,>=2.3.1 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\l
ib\site-packages (from matplotlib) (3.0.9)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\li
b\site-packages (from matplotlib) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-packa
ges (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib) (1.16.0)

In [109… import [Link] as plt

[Link](3,2,'ro')
[Link]()

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In [111… import [Link] as plt

x=[1,3,5,6,10]
y=[2,5,10,12,15]
[Link](x,y,'ro')
[Link]

<function [Link](close=None, block=None)>

Out[111]:

In [124… import [Link] as plt

x=[1,3,5,6,10]
y=[2,5,10,12,15]

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[Link](x,y,'b*--')
[Link]
# for title
[Link]('sample chart')

#x axis title
[Link]('numbers')

#y axis title
[Link]('age')

#for adding legend

[Link]('fin')

<[Link] at 0x28592bd9890>
Out[124]:

In [127… #bar chart

import [Link] as plt

x=[1,3,5,6,10]
y=[2,5,10,12,15]

#this code is important for creating a bar chart

[Link](x,y,color='green')

[Link]
# for title
[Link]('sample chart')

#x axis title
[Link]('numbers')

#y axis title
[Link]('age')

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#for adding legend
[Link]('fin')

<[Link] at 0x285929a8850>
Out[127]:

In [10]: import [Link] as plt

x=[1,3,5,6,10]
y=[2,5,10,12,15]

[Link](x,y,'r*--')
[Link]

<function [Link](close=None, block=None)>

Out[10]:

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In [20]: #to increase marker size

[Link](x,y,'r*--',markersize=25)

[<[Link].Line2D at 0x20846452810>]
Out[20]:

In [2]: #Numpy is a numerical package in python

#In this library we can extract numbers as arrays as index numbers
#which starts with array

!pip install numpy

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Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-packages
(1.24.3)

In [4]: import numpy as np

arr=[Link]([1,2,3,4,5])
print(arr)

[1 2 3 4 5]

In [7]: import numpy as np

arr=[Link](5)
print(arr)

In [10]: import numpy as np

arr=[Link]([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
print(arr)

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]

In [13]: #extracting an element by using numpy

import numpy as np
arr=[Link]([1,2,3,4,5])
print(arr[2])

#as it is starts from '0'(zero)

In [15]: print(arr[1]+arr[2])

In [41]: import numpy as np

arr = [Link](1,51).reshape(5,5, 2)

#5 sets, 50 rows and 2 coloumns

print(arr)

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[[[ 1 2]
[ 3 4]
[ 5 6]
[ 7 8]
[ 9 10]]

[[11 12]
[13 14]
[15 16]
[17 18]
[19 20]]

[[21 22]
[23 24]
[25 26]
[27 28]
[29 30]]

[[31 32]
[33 34]
[35 36]
[37 38]
[39 40]]

[[41 42]
[43 44]
[45 46]
[47 48]
[49 50]]]

In [42]: # "T" to tranpose

arr=arr.T
print(arr)

[[[ 1 11 21 31 41]
[ 3 13 23 33 43]
[ 5 15 25 35 45]
[ 7 17 27 37 47]
[ 9 19 29 39 49]]

[[ 2 12 22 32 42]
[ 4 14 24 34 44]
[ 6 16 26 36 46]
[ 8 18 28 38 48]
[10 20 30 40 50]]]

In [47]: arr=[Link]([1,2,3])
arr1=[Link]([4,5,6])
con=[Link]([arr,arr1])
print(con)

[1 2 3 4 5 6]

In [49]: #Pandas is data library to analyse the data from external

#file like .csv, .xlxs, tsv

!pip install pandas

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Requirement already satisfied: pandas in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-package
s (2.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.2 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3
\lib\site-packages (from pandas) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-p
ackages (from pandas) (2023.3.post1)
Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.1 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site
-packages (from pandas) (2023.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.21.0 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-
packages (from pandas) (1.24.3)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in c:\users\mdawa\anaconda3\lib\site-packa
ges (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas) (1.16.0)

In [57]: import pandas as pd

a=[Link]([101,'finance'])
print(a)

0 101
1 finance
dtype: object

In [66]: import pandas as pd

a=[Link]([101,'finance'],index=['subject_code','subject_name'])
print(a)

subject_code 101
subject_name finance
dtype: object

In [72]: import pandas as pd

a=[Link]({'sid':[1,2,3],'sname':['sid','azam','barak']})
print(a)

sid sname
0 1 sid
1 2 azam
2 3 barak

In [78]: import pandas as pd

a=[Link]({'Countires':['India', 'Pak', 'Aus', 'Eng'], 'Runs':[101, 96, 25, 25
print(a)

Countires Runs
0 India 101
1 Pak 96
2 Aus 25
3 Eng 25

In [82]: # Example program to get output as

# Day First_Hour subject
#0 mon H-1 IF
#1 tue H-1 BV
#2 wed H-1 RM

import pandas as pd
data=[Link]({'Day': ['mon','tue', 'wed'], 'First_Hour': ['H-1','H-1','H-1'],
print(data)

Day First_Hour subject

0 mon H-1 IF
1 tue H-1 BV
2 wed H-1 RM

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In [87]: #to extract index data 1:

import pandas as pd
data=[Link]({'Day': ['mon','tue', 'wed'], 'First_Hour': ['H-1','H-1','H-1'],

print([Link][1])

Day tue
First_Hour H-1
subject BV
Name: 1, dtype: object

In [91]: #example program to get age coloumn

k=[Link]({'Ename':['Adam', 'Awais'], 'Age': [22,24]})

ages=k['Age']
print(ages)

0 22
1 24
Name: Age, dtype: int64

In [115… import pandas as pd

pnb = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\mdawa\Desktop\[Link]")
print(pnb)

#note this data is my own

Date Open High Low Close Adj Close Volume

0 2019-09-03 62.000000 62.400002 59.049999 59.400002 57.381382 68369998
1 2019-09-04 59.900002 60.349998 58.700001 59.900002 57.864388 34213414
2 2019-09-05 61.650002 61.900002 60.500000 61.099998 59.023605 30641680
3 2019-09-06 61.349998 61.599998 60.799999 61.299999 59.216808 19597727
4 2019-09-09 61.299999 62.849998 60.650002 62.599998 60.472630 21700960
5 2019-09-11 62.599998 65.000000 62.599998 64.849998 62.646172 24414845
6 2019-09-12 64.550003 65.500000 64.250000 64.550003 62.356365 21906448
7 2019-09-13 64.550003 65.199997 62.799999 64.900002 62.694469 21379499

In [112… print([Link][5])

Date 2019-09-11
Open 62.599998
High 65.0
Low 62.599998
Close 64.849998
Adj Close 62.646172
Volume 24414845
Name: 5, dtype: object

In [114… #to get the type

print(type(pnb))

<class '[Link]'>

In [117… #To get all the data types

print([Link])

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Date object
Open float64
High float64
Low float64
Close float64
Adj Close float64
Volume int64
dtype: object

In [119… #to get info

print([Link]())

<class '[Link]'>
RangeIndex: 8 entries, 0 to 7
Data columns (total 7 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Date 8 non-null object
1 Open 8 non-null float64
2 High 8 non-null float64
3 Low 8 non-null float64
4 Close 8 non-null float64
5 Adj Close 8 non-null float64
6 Volume 8 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(5), int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 580.0+ bytes
None

In [122… #Extracting from subset method

subset=pnb['Date']
print(subset)

0 2019-09-03
1 2019-09-04
2 2019-09-05
3 2019-09-06
4 2019-09-09
5 2019-09-11
6 2019-09-12
7 2019-09-13
Name: Date, dtype: object

In [128… subset=pnb[['Date','Adj Close']]

print(subset)

Date Adj Close

0 2019-09-03 57.381382
1 2019-09-04 57.864388
2 2019-09-05 59.023605
3 2019-09-06 59.216808
4 2019-09-09 60.472630
5 2019-09-11 62.646172
6 2019-09-12 62.356365
7 2019-09-13 62.694469

In [131… print([Link](n=3))

Date Open High Low Close Adj Close Volume

0 2019-09-03 62.000000 62.400002 59.049999 59.400002 57.381382 68369998
1 2019-09-04 59.900002 60.349998 58.700001 59.900002 57.864388 34213414
2 2019-09-05 61.650002 61.900002 60.500000 61.099998 59.023605 30641680

In [136… #descriptive stats

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print([Link]())

Open High Low Close Adj Close Volume

count 8.000000 8.000000 8.000000 8.000000 8.000000 8.000000e+00
mean 62.237501 63.099999 61.168750 62.325000 60.206977 3.027807e+07
std 1.619469 1.911805 1.913847 2.236707 2.160696 1.620360e+07
min 59.900002 60.349998 58.700001 59.400002 57.381382 1.959773e+07
25% 61.337498 61.825001 60.137500 60.799999 58.733801 2.162059e+07
50% 61.825001 62.625000 60.725001 61.949998 59.844719 2.316065e+07
75% 63.087499 65.049999 62.649998 64.625002 62.428817 3.153461e+07
max 64.550003 65.500000 64.250000 64.900002 62.694469 6.837000e+07

In [146… #Get the mean of a particular coloumn

print([Link]('Date')['Low'].mean())

Date
2019-09-03 59.049999
2019-09-04 58.700001
2019-09-05 60.500000
2019-09-06 60.799999
2019-09-09 60.650002
2019-09-11 62.599998
2019-09-12 64.250000
2019-09-13 62.799999
Name: Low, dtype: float64

In [155… print(pnb['Open'].plot(kind='line'))

Axes(0.125,0.11;0.775x0.77)

In [169… import [Link] as plt

import pandas as pd

a=[Link]({'emname':['Smith','Rock','Boss'], 'Salary':[10000,12200,15000]})
print(a)
[Link](x='emname',y='Salary',kind='bar',color='pink')
[Link]()

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2/13/24, 10:25 PM Python notes
emname Salary
0 Smith 10000
1 Rock 12200
2 Boss 15000

In [182… mean=pnb['Open'].mean()
median=pnb['Open'].median()
var=pnb['Open'].var()
print(mean,median,var)

62.237500624999996 61.825001 2.6226814321474157

In [183… sum_by=[Link](['Open']).sum()
print(sum_by)

Date High Low Close \

Open
59.900002 2019-09-04 60.349998 58.700001 59.900002
61.299999 2019-09-09 62.849998 60.650002 62.599998
61.349998 2019-09-06 61.599998 60.799999 61.299999
61.650002 2019-09-05 61.900002 60.500000 61.099998
62.000000 2019-09-03 62.400002 59.049999 59.400002
62.599998 2019-09-11 65.000000 62.599998 64.849998
64.550003 2019-09-122019-09-13 130.699997 127.049999 129.450005

Adj Close Volume

Open
59.900002 57.864388 34213414
61.299999 60.472630 21700960
61.349998 59.216808 19597727
61.650002 59.023605 30641680
62.000000 57.381382 68369998
62.599998 62.646172 24414845
64.550003 125.050834 43285947

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2/13/24, 10:25 PM Python notes

In [ ]:

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