Bitter-sweet in dapitan

The deportee could have stayed in the Dapitan

parish convent had he retracted his anti-
Catholic pronouncements and made a general
confession of his past life. Not willing to accede
to these main conditions Set by the Jesuits. Jose
Rizal instead opted to live at the commandant's
residence called Casa
RealThe commandant Captain Ricardo Carnicero
and Esse Rizal became such good friends that the
exile did not feel that the captain was actually
his guard. Later in his life in Dapitan, Rizal wrote a poem.
In September 1892. Rizal and Carnicero won in a lottery, The
Manila Lottery ticket no. 9736 jointly owned by Rizal,
Carnicero. and a Spanish resident of Dipolog won the second
prize Of Php 20.0000. Rizal used some part of his share (Php 6
200) in procuring a parcel of land near the coast of Talisay. a
near Dapitan.

On a property of more than 10 hectares. he put up three

houses made of and He lived in the house. which Was in
shape Another house. which was hexagonal was the barn
where Rizal kept his chickens In his octagonal house lived some
of his pupils—for Rizal also established a school teaching
young boys practical subjects. like reading writing,arithmetic,
geography, and Spanish and English languages. Later he
constructed additional huts to accommodate his recovering
out-of-town patients
 Dapitan life as an Exile

During his exile, Rizal practiced medicine, taught some pupils, and
engaged in farming and
horticulture.
The school he founded in 1893 started
with only three pupils and had about more
than 20 students at the same time his
exiled
ended.
Rizal would rise at five in the
morning to see his plants, feed his animals, and prepare breakfast.
Rizal would return to Talisay to take his
lunch. Teaching his pupils would begin
at about 2 pm and would end at 4 or 5
in the afternoon.

Talisay Forest
 Rizal then spend the night reading and writing.

Rizal and the Jesuits

The first attempt by the Jesuit friars top win back deporter Rizal to the
catholic fold was the offer for him to live in the Dapitan convent under
some conditions.

Just a month after Rizal was deporter to dapitan, the Jesuit order assigned to dapitan the
priest Francisco de Paula Sanchez Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo. Many times they
engaged in cordial religious discussions.
The priest Pablo pastells, superior of the Jesuit society in the
Philippines, also made some attempts by correspondence to win
over to Catholicism the exiled physician. Four times they exchanged
letters from September 1892 to April 1893. The debate was none
less than scholarly, and it manifested Rizal’s knowledge of the holy
scriptures for he quoted verses from it.
A
DAPITAN
C Rizal provided significant community services in
Dapitan. He contributed o lot to improve the
HI community.

EV - He serves as the town's doctor. He treats patients

E equally regardless of their economic status.

M -Rizal also helped in the livelihood of theabaca

farmer in Dapitan. And when he noticed that the
E locals fishing method was inefficient he teach them
NT new techniques.

S
 Rizal inspected Dapitan's rich
AS flora and fauna, providing a sort
of taxonomy to numerous kinds
AS of forest and sea creatures.
CI From his laboratory and
herbarium, he sent various
E biological specimens to scientist
NT in Europe, like his dear friend
Doctor Adolph B. Meyer in
IS Dresden .
From the collections he sent to European
T scholars, atleast three species were named
after him a: Dapitan frog (Rhacophorus
rizali), a type of beetle (Apogonia rizali),
and a flying dragon (Draco rizali)
 The Species and Emissary
Rizal learn that his “enemies” sent spies to gather
incriminating proofs that he was a
separatist and an insurgent. His conscience,a physician named
Matias Arrieta revealed his covert mission and ask for
forgiveness.

In March 1895, a man introduced himself to Rizal as Pablo

Mercado. Rizal relative this is stranger eagerly
volunteered to bring Rizal letter to certain person in
[Link]
interrogated him,turned out that his real name
was Florencio Nanaman of Cagayan de Mesamis,
But because it was raining that evening,Rizal did not
command Nanaman out his house but even let the spy
spend the rainy night in his play.
The next year, in June a different kind of
emissary was sent to Rizal. Doctor
Pio Valenzuela was sent to Dapitan by
Andres Bonifacio (the katipunan leader) who
believe that carrying out revolt had to be
sanctioned by Rizal.

Rizal politely refused to approved the uprising

suggesting the peaceful
means was far better than violent
ways in obtaining the freedom. Rizal further
believe that revolution would be unsuccessful
without arms and
monetary support from wealth Filipino.
Like Antonio Luna who was an expert on military
strategy.
Visited his love Ones

Rizal was in Dapitan

when he learned
thathis true love
Leonor Rivera died
what some
whatconsoled his
desolate heart was the
visit of his mother and
Leonor
some sisiter.
Rivera

In august, 1893 Dona

Teodora along with
daugther Trinidad, Jose
Rizal in dapitan and
resided with his Casa
Cuadrada (square house)
the son successfully
seperated on his mother
In 1895 Dona Teodora left Dapitan for
Manila to be with Don Francisco who
was getting weaker. After his mother
left Josephine Bracken come to Jose's
life.
Josephine
Bracken
 Goodbye Dapitan
In 1895, Bluementritt informed
Rizal that the revolution ridden
Cuba, another nation colonized by
Spain, was raged by a yellow fever epidemic.
Rizal in December 1895 wrote to the then Governon
General Ramon
Blanco, volunteering to provide medical
services in Cuba.
But on July 30 1896, Rizal received a letter
from the governor general
sanctioning his petition to serve as volunteer physician
in Cuba. Rizal
made immediate preparations to leave, selling
and giving as
souvenirs to friends and students his various
properties.
 July 31, 1986
In the late afternoon of July 31, 1986 Rizal got on the “España”
with Josephine, Narcisa; Angelica a niece, three nephews, and
three of his students.
Many Dapitan folks, especially Rizal’s students, came to see
their beloved doctor for the last time. Cordially bidding him
goodbye, they
shouted “Adios, Dr. Rizal!” and some of his
students even cried. With sorrowing heart, He
waved his hand in farewell to the generous and
loving Dapitan folks, saying, “Adios,
Dapitan! The steamer departed for
Manila at midnight of July 31,
1896. With tears in his eyes,
Rizal later wrote in his diary onboard the ship, “I have been
in that district four
years, thirteen days, and a few hours.”
From dapitan to trial fort santiago

Various significant events happened during rizal’s

trip from dapitan to manila. Leaving dapitan fro
manila on july 31,1896 the steamer espana with
rizal as a passenger made some stopovers in
various area. In dumaguete, rizal had visited some
friends like a former classmate from Madrid and
had cured a sick Guardia Civil captain. In cebu, he
carried out four operations and gave out
prescriptions to many other patients. Going to
Iloilo, he saw the historical mactan island. He
 went shopping and was impressed by the molo
church in Iloilo. The ship then
IN MANILA
It is said that the steamer approached Luzon, there was an
attempt by the katipuneros to help rizal escape (bantug, p.135).
the katipunero Emilio jacinto, disguising himself as a ship crew
member was supposed to have managed to get close to rizal,
while another katipunan member. Guillermo masankay, circled
the ship in a boat. Firm in his aim to fulfill his mission in cuba,
rizal accordingly refused to be rescued by katipunan’s envoys.
Rizal arrived in manila on august 6. 1896. Aday after the mail
boat isla de Luzon had left for spain and so he had to stay in
manila until the next steamer arrived afraid that his one month
stay onboard the ship might bring him troubles he requested
docked at cavite.
the governor general that the (Rizal) be isolated from everyone
 except his family. The government reacted by transferring him
near midnight of the same day to the ctuiser
‘Castilla’
August 19, 1986
On august 19 the katipunan plot a revolt against the
Spanish authorities was discovered through
the confession of acertain teodoro patino to
mariano Gil. Augustinian cura of tondo this discover
led to the arrest ofmany katipuneros the katipunan
led by Bonifacio reacted by convening many of its
member and deciding to immediately begin the
armedc revolt as a sign of their commitment to the
revolution
they Katipunan first major aasault happened on august tore their
certificate)
cedulas (residence 29 and 30 when the katipuneros attacked
the civil guard garrison in pasig and more significantly the 100 spanish
soldiers protecting the powder magazine in san juan.
On the same day (august 30) blanco issued letters of
recommendation on rizal’s behalf to the Spanish minister of
war and the minister of colonies with a cover letter clearing
rizal of any connection to the raging revolution. On September
2 he transported to the ship isla de panay.
On September 7, 1896
Isla de Panay arrived in
G Singapore, Don Pedro

O and Don Camus (Rizal's co-passenger) urged

him I to stay in the British N controlled
territory.

G He refused to stay in Singapore because he trust Gen. Blanco. By refusing to

break his T word of honor in Singapore, Rizal sealed his

O own doom.
S
September 27, 1896, the steamer made a stopover at Port Said,

Egypt. Rizal had the P feeling that he had already been associated
AI with the Filipino Revolution.

N A day after, he realized that he was fooled by the

Spanish official, that made him to write a letter to his

friend Bluementritt- informing him that he
received an information of order to arrest him by
Blanco.
Before reaching Malta at September 30, 1896 he was
officially ordered to stay in his cabin.
 On October 30, 1896, the Isla de Panay arrived with
Rizal as a prisoner. He was heavily guarded by the
then Military Commander of Barcelona Gen. Eulogio
Despujol.
October 6 ,1896 on the said year he was transported
to Monjuich prison- fortress early in the morning and
was brought to Gen. Despujol in the afternoon.

Rizal was taken aboard on the ship Colon at 8 pm.

Surrounded by Spanish soldiers & their families
Last homecoming
NOVEMBER 3,1896

Arriving in Manila as a prisoner on November 3, 1896. Rizal was

detained in Fort Santiago where he had been imprisoned four
years ago. To gather pieces of evidence against him, some of his
friends, aquiantances, members of the La Liga and even his
brother Paciano were tortured and forcibly questioned.
Fiftheen pieces of documentary evidence were presented.
Rizal's letters, letters of his compriots, like Marcelo del Pilar
and Antonio Luna, a poem (Kundiman), a Masonic document
two transcripts of speech of Katipuneros (Emilio Jacinto and
Jose Turiano Santiago) and Rizal poem A Talisay.
Olive submitted the reports to Blanco on November 26, 1896 and
Captain Rafael Dominguez was assigned as a special judge
Advocate in Rizal's case.

After examining the case, Pena recommended that:

(a)Rizal be instantly brought to trial

(b)He kept in jail
(c) An order of attachment be issued against his property, and
(d) A Spanish army officer, not a civilian lawyer, be permitted to
defend him in court. DECEMBER 8, 1896
On December 8, 1896 Rizal was given the restricted right to choose his
lawyer from a list of 100 Spanish army officers. He choose Lt. Luis Taviel
de Andrade who turned out to be the younger brother of his body guard
friend in Calamba in 1887, Jose Taviel de Taviel de Andrade. Three days
after (December 11) the formal charges were read to Rizal in his prison
cell with Andrade on his side.
DECEMBER 13, 1896

On December 13, the day

Camilio G. de Palavieja
replaced Blanco as
governor general, papers
of Rizal criminal case were
sent to Malacañang.
Concerned about the
welfare of his people.

DECEMBER 15, 1896

Rizal on December
15,1896 wrote a
manifesto appealing to
the revolutionaries to
discontinue the uprising
and pursue to attain
liberty instead by means
of education and of labor.
 The Rat in the Kangaroo
On December 26, Rizal's criminal case proof s that he could have not
Filipino patriot who was followed by the taken part in the revolution. Lt.
once lengthy speech of Col. Arjona declared the trial over.
figuratively referred to by Prosecuting Attorney
Spanish officials as a Enrique de Alcocer. At the
"trapped rat end, Alcocer
Governor General Polavieja sign the
appeared in petitioned for a death
court decision and decreed that the
kangaroo court sentence for Rizal
guilty be
inside the military and an idemnity of
executed by firing squad at 7
building , Cuartel de twenty thousand pesos.
a.m. of December 30 ,1896 at
España. Lt. Col. Afterward , Rizal was
Bagumabayan (Luneta).
Jose Togores Arjona allowed to read hisy
Because Rizal was also required to sign
acting as a president. complementary
the verdict, he stoically signed his own
Judge advocate defense consisting of
Death Sentence.
Dominguez presented logical

Court Summary
 From 6 am to 12 noon

Standard biography states that at 6 a.m. of

December 29, Judge Advocate Dominguez formally
read the death sentence to Rizal.
At about 7 a.m. he was transferred to either his "death
cell or prison chapel." He was visited by Jesuit priests.
Miguel Saderra Mata and Luis Viza. They brought the
medal of the Ateneo's Marian Congregation of which Rizal
was a member and the wooden statue of the Sacred Heart
of Jesus he had carved in the school. Rizal put the wooden
image on his table while he rejected the medal saying 1m
little of a Marian Father." At 8 a.m. the priest Antonio
Rosell arrived. after his co-priest Viza left Rizal Shared his
breakfast With Rosell Later Lt. Andrade came and Rizal
thanked his defense lawyer Santiago Mataix of the Spanish
newspaper E/ Heraldo de Madrid
 interviewed Rizal at about 9

Then Carne the priest Federico Faura at about 10

am He advised Rizal to forget
about his resentment and marry Josephine
canonically the two had a heated
discussion about religion as witnessed by
Rosell Two other priests Vilaclara and
Vicente Balaguer (missionary in also visited Rizal
at about 11 a.m.
m

The Jesuits tried to convince Rizal to write a

retraction Though still believing in the
Holy Rizal supposedly refused to retract his anti-
Catholic views. exclaiming.
Fathers if should assent to all you and sign all you
want me to. just to please you
neither believing nor feeling. I would be a
 hypocrite and would then be offending
God

From noon to 7 pm
At noon, Rizal was left alone in his cell. He had his lunch, read the
Bible, and meditated.

Rizal also wrote to Blumentritt his last letter in which he called the Austrian
scholar “my best, my dearest friend” He then had a talk with priest Estanislao
March and Vilaclara at about 2 pm.
m

Rizal then wrote letters and dedications and rested shortly.

At 4 pm, the sorrowful Doña Teodora and Jose’s sisters went to see the sentenced
Rizal. The mother was not allowed a last embrace by the guard, but her beloved son,
in quiet grief,
 managed to press a kiss on her hand. Dominguez was said to
have been moved with compassion at the sight of Rizal’s kneeling before his
mother and asking for forgiveness.
Jose handed over Trinidad an alcohol cooking
stove, a gift from the Pardo de Taveras,
whispering to her in a language which the
guards could not comprehend, “There is
something in it.” “That something” was Rizal
elegy now known as Mi Ultimo Adios.

The Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez

Tuñon, went to see Rizal to exchange some views
with him at about 5:30 pm. Balaguer and March then
left, leaving Vilaclara and Tuñon jn Rizal’s cell.

As Rocell was leaving at about 6pm., Josephine

Bracken arrived in Fort Santiago. Rizal called for her,
and they emotionally talked with each other.
 The night of december 29
At 7 pm
Faura returned and convinced rizal to trust him and some other
“ateneo professors. After some quietmoments Rizal purportedly
confessed to faura
(“Rizal Last Hours n.d para 17)
At 8 PM
Rizal then took his last supper at about 8 pm and attended to his
m personal needs he then told Dominguez that he had forgiven his
enemies and the military judges who sentenced him to death.
At 9 pm
At about 9 or 9:30 pm. Manila Royal audencia Fiscal Don Gaspar Cestano arrived
and had an amiable talk with rizal
 At 10 pm
Historians Gregorio and Sonia zaide alleged that a 10 pm Rizal and some
catholic priests worked on the hero’s cretraction (1984. pp 265-266).
Rizal thene spent the night resting until the crack of dawn of December
30 perhaps
EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER 30

At 3:00 a.m., the Zaides alleged that Rizal listened to the Mass,
confessed sins and took communion.

4:00 a.m. he read and meditated and the book Imitation of Christ by
Thomas á Kempis.

5:00 a.m., Rizal washed up and read the Bible and had breakfast.
m
Rizal wrote letter addressed to his family, "I ask you for
forgiveness for the pain I cause you... I die resigned, hoping
that with my death you will be left with peace"
To his sisters " I enjoin you to forgive one another... Treat
your old parents as you would like to be treated by your
children later. Love them very much in my memory".
 To Paciano "I am thinking now how hard have you worked
to give me a career... I know that you have suffered a lot on
my account and I
At 5:30 a.m. Josephine Bracken (Rizal's wife) and Josefa
(Rizal's sister) came. And they have their last embrace as a
couple. Rizal gave the book of the Imitation of the Christ in
which he wrote "To my dear, unhappy wife/ December
30th, 1896/
Jose Rizal".

Before he start his death march to Bagumbayan, he

m managed to pen his last words to his father " Pardon me for
the pain which I repay you. Good bye Father, goodbye.."

Perhaps told by the authorities that the march was about to

begin Rizal managed to write only
"To my very dear Mother,
Sra. Dña. Teodora Alonso
 6 o'clock in the morning, December 30, 1896 Jose
Rizal
SLOW WALK TO DEATH
Rizal walked with his lawyer Andrade in the early
morning at Bagumbayan with the two priest March
and Vilaclara. Then, they heard a sound of a trumpet
that signaled to start the death [Link] people
specially the Spaniard wants him to die but others felt
[Link], they passed through Intramuros where the
place he remembered his childhood. Studying in
m Ateneo and gaining knowledge.
After hours, yes, they arive in the place
where the execution may occur. The venue
of death and the place of killing. After
some sweet talk, Rizal decided to turn his
back at the firing soldiers on the condition
that he would like to shot in head instead
in the back. Maybe to show his integrity
and dignity towards the beloved Country.
Later on, when the firing is done, Rizal yelled
at heaven and said "Consummatumes"
means it is done. He effortless turn his back
facing the bullet and faced the sky while
falling on the ground then died in that
morning.
 ThankYou
for
Listening!!