Conjunctions

Words used to join parts of a sentence clauses, or phrases.

1. After (Después de):
Main use: indica que una acción ocurre posteriormente a otra acción o
evento.
Examples:
 We finished dinner after watching a movie.
 After the rain, we went for a walk.
 I always brush my teeth after eating.
2. Although (Aunque):
Main use: Introduce una idea contraria a la principal, mostrando un
contraste.
Examples:
 Although I was tired, I went to the gym.
 Although it rained, the picnic was a success.
 Although I was scared, I jumped off the diving board.
3. And (Y):
Main use: Une dos elementos, acciones o ideas.
Examples:
 Maria and Juan went to the movies.
 I bought bread and milk at the store.
 We studied history and math for the exam.
4. As soon as (Tan pronto como):
Main use: Indica que una acción ocurre inmediatamente después de otra.
Examples:
  I'll leave the office as soon as I finish work.
 I'll call you as soon as I get home.
 As soon as I turned off the light, I fell asleep.
5. Because (Porque):
Main use: Explica la razón o causa de algo.
Examples:
 We didn't go to the park because it was raining.
 We couldn't make it on time because the traffic was terrible.
 I had a salad because I wanted something light.
6. Before (Antes de):
Main use: Indica que una acción ocurre previamente a otra acción o evento.
Examples:
 I studied a bit before going to the exam.
 I always wash my hands before cooking.
 We talked to the director before making changes to the plan.
7. But (Pero):
Main use: Presenta una idea contraria a la anterior.
Examples:
 I wanted to go out, but it was raining.
 The food was delicious, but the portion was small.
 He worked hard, but he didn't get the promotion.
8. If (Si):
Main use: Introduce una condición o suposición.
Examples:
 If it rains, take an umbrella.
 If you have time, we can go to the movies.
  If you study, you will pass the exam.
9. In case (En caso de que):
Main use: Indica una precaución o posibilidad futura.
Examples:
 Take a coat in case it gets cold.
 I left a spare key in case you lose yours.
 I bought extra food in case more guests come.
10. Or (O):
Main use: Ofrece una opción o alternativa.
Examples:
 Do you want coffee or tea?
 You can choose between chicken or beef.
 We can go to the movies or stay home.
11. Since (Desde que):
Main use: Indica el tiempo desde el cual una acción ha estado ocurriendo.
Examples:
 I have been a vegetarian since I was young.
 I haven't seen him since we graduated.
 We've been here since the doors opened.
12. So (Así que):
Main use: Indica la consecuencia o resultado de algo.
Examples:
 It was cold, so I put on a coat.
 I studied a lot, so I passed the exam.
 He woke up late, so he missed the bus.
13. Unless (A menos que):
 Main use: Indica una condición bajo la cual algo ocurrirá.
Examples:
 I won't go for a run unless it stops raining.
 You won't be able to enter unless you have your ID.
 I won't go to the concert unless I get a ticket.

14. Until (Hasta que):

Main use: Indica el tiempo que transcurre antes de que ocurra una acción.
Examples:
 I'll wait here until you come back.
 I won't go to bed until I finish this chapter.
 I won't know until you tell me.
15. When (Cuando):
Main use: Indica el momento en que ocurre una acción.
Examples:
 I go to the park when it's sunny.
 I feel happiest when I'm with my friends.
 I always study better when it's nighttime.
16. While (Mientras):
Main use: Indica una acción que ocurre al mismo tiempo que otra.
Examples:
 I read while I wait for the bus.
 I cook while listening to music.
 She talks on the phone while she drives.
 Indefinite pronouns and adverbs of place
A thing A person A place
+ Something (Algo):
 I need to buy something for dinner tonight.
 There's something strange about that house.
 Did you hear something outside just now?
 He said he had something important to tell us.
 There's something in the air tonight.
+Somebody (Alguien): More informal
 Somebody left their umbrella in the office.
 I think somebody is following us.
 Could somebody please help me with this heavy box?
 Somebody called for you while you were out.
 Did somebody order pizza?
+Someone (Alguien): More formal
 I think someone is knocking at the door.
 Someone must have taken my pen from the desk.
 Is someone singing in the next room?
 If someone asks for me, I'll be in the library.
 Someone is playing the piano beautifully.
+Somewhere (Algun lugar):
 Let's go somewhere warm for our vacation.
 I left my keys somewhere in this room.
 Can you meet me somewhere downtown?
 I remember seeing that book somewhere before.
 There must be a good restaurant somewhere around here.
-Anything (Algo / Cualquier Cosa):
 You can eat anything in the fridge.
 Is there anything I can do to help?
 I don't want to eat anything spicy tonight.
 You can ask me anything you want.
 She'll try anything once.
-Anybody (Alguien / cualquier persona): More Informal
 Does anybody know the answer to question number five?
 I don't think anybody is home right now.
 Can anybody here speak French fluently?
 Anybody can join the club if they pay the membership fee.
 If anybody needs me, I'll be in my office.
-Anyone (Alguien / cualquier persona): More formal
 I didn’t know anyone at the party.
 I'll talk to anyone who wants to discuss the project.
 Has anyone seen my glasses?
 I can't seem to find anyone willing to help.
 Can anyone solve this puzzle?
-Anywhere (En Cualquier lugar):
 "I can't find my keys anywhere in the house."
 "Is there anywhere I can charge my phone around here?"
 "We can go anywhere for dinner, I'm not picky."
 "She's traveled everywhere; there's nowhere she hasn't been."
 "You can sit anywhere you like."
Nowhere (Ningun lugar):
 I've searched everywhere, but my keys are nowhere to be found.
 There's nowhere I'd rather be than right here with you.
 We have nowhere to stay for the night.
 I looked in the cupboard, but there's nowhere to hide the cookies.
 She said she came from nowhere in particular.
Nobody (Nadie): More informal
 Nobody was at the party when I arrived.
 There's nobody here who can fix the computer.
 Nobody knows the truth about what happened that night.
 There was nobody on the bus except me and the driver.
 Nobody should have to go through that kind of pain alone.
No one (Nadie): More Formal
 No one should have to work on their birthday.
 I asked around, but no one has seen my dog.
 No one was listening when I tried to explain.
 She's the only one who can solve this problem.
 No one knows the recipe for Grandma's famous pie.
Nothing (Nada):
 There's nothing left in the fridge except some milk.
 I looked in the box, but there was nothing inside.
 He said nothing when I asked him what was wrong.
 Nothing good ever happens after midnight.
 It looks like nothing has changed since the last time I was here.

 We use nothing, nobody, no one and nowhere before or after positive

verbs.
 We can use else after something, anybody, nowhere etc.
 We can also use an adjective after something, anything etc.
 Present perfect
Use:
the present perfect is used to talk about actions that occurred at a non-specific time
in the past but have relevance in the present. it is also used for actions that began in
the past and continue in the present.
Structure:
Sujeto + have/has + participiopasadodelverbo
Examples:
 I have seen that movie before.
 She has lived in Paris for five years.
 They have not finished their homework yet.

Past perfect
Use:
The past perfect is used to indicate that an action occurred before another action in
the past. It is useful for talking about the order of past events.
Structure:
Sujeto+had+participiopasadodelverbo
Examples:
 I had already eaten when she arrived.
 She had never seen such a beautiful sunset before.
 By the time we got to the station, the train had already left.

Linking words in English

Emphasis
Undoubtedly (Sin lugar a dudas)
Main Use: enfatizar que algo es cierto o seguro, sin ninguna posibilidad de
duda.
Examples:
 Undoubtedly, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
 Undoubtedly, this restaurant has the best food in town.
 The talent of this artist is undeniable; undoubtedly, he will be famous
someday.
Indeed (De hecho)
Main Use: Se utiliza para confirmar o reafirmar algo que se acaba de decir o
para introducir información adicional que respalda lo mencionado
anteriormente.
Examples:
 She was, indeed, the one who solved the problem.
 Indeed, it was a remarkable achievement for someone so young.
 The company has, indeed, grown significantly over the past year.
Whithout a doubt (Sin dudas)
Main Use: Se utiliza para enfatizar que algo es cierto o seguro, y que no hay
ninguna duda al respecto.
Examples:
 Without a doubt, she is the most talented musician in the band.
 The team's hard work has, without a doubt, paid off this season.
 Without a doubt, this is the best book I've ever read.
It should be noted (Debe quedar claro que)
Main Use: Se utiliza para introducir una información importante o relevante
que se quiere resaltar.
Examples:
 It should be noted that the deadline for submissions has been extended.
 It should be noted that the company achieved record profits last quarter.
 It should be noted that the new policy goes into effect next month.

Addition
Furthermore (Ademas)
Main Use: Se utiliza para agregar información adicional a lo que ya se ha
mencionado.
Examples:
  She speaks three languages fluently. Furthermore, she is learning a
fourth language.
 The company has increased its profits by 20% this year. Furthermore,
they plan to expand into new markets.
 The report highlights the environmental benefits of the new technology.
Furthermore, it also emphasizes the cost-saving advantages.
As well as that (Tanto como)
Main Use: Agregar información adicional que apoya o amplía lo que se ha
dicho anteriormente.
Examples:
 She's an excellent cook. As well as that, she's a talented painter.
 The company is known for its high-quality products. As well as that,
they offer exceptional customer service.
 The school has a great reputation for academics. As well as that, it has a
strong focus on extracurricular activities.
Along with (Junto con)
Main Use: indicar que algo está incluido o se encuentra junto con otra cosa.
Examples:
 She packed her books, along with her laptop, for the trip.
 The team, along with their coach, celebrated their victory.
 They ordered pizza, along with some salads and drinks, for the party.
Besides (A parte de:) -Va al inicio
Main Use: Agregar información adicional o para mencionar algo aparte de lo
que ya se ha dicho.
Examples:
 Besides studying for her exams, she also works part-time.
 He enjoys playing soccer. Besides that, he's also an avid reader.
 Besides being a talented musician, she's also a skilled painter.

Contrast
Unlike (A diferencia de)
Main Use: hacer comparaciones o destacar diferencias entre dos cosas o
situaciones.
Examples:
 Unlike his brother, he prefers tea over coffee.
 The new model is, unlike its predecessor, much lighter and faster.
 Unlike traditional methods, this approach is more cost-effective and
efficient.
Nevertheless (Sin embargo) (inicio-correct, correct and bad)
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Nonetheless (Sin embargo)(inicio-correct, correct and bad)
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On the other hand (Sin embargo) Shorter

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Despite / in spite of (A pesar de)
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Whereas(Mientras-Al mismo tiempo, diferente situacion)
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Conversely (Por el contrario)
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Even so (A pesar de)
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Order
Above all (Sobre todo)
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Last but no least (Al ultimo pero no)
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First and foremost (Primero que todo) Al inicio
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Result
Therefore (Por lo tanto)
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Thus (Asi) more formal
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Hence (Por lo tanto)
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Due to (Debido a)
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Contrast
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