Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Acknowledgement
we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and
assisted us in the preparation of this research proposal. Their guidance,
encouragement, and contributions have been invaluable.
we would like to extend big respect and acknowledgment to our supervisor, for his
guidance and expertise throughout this process. Their insights and feedback have
been immensely helpful in shaping this proposal.
We also would also like to acknowledge the support of all Institution/Organization
and people for providing the necessary resources and facilities for conducting this
research.
Lastly, we are grateful to our familes, friends, and loved ones for their unwavering
support and understanding during this endeavor.
Thank you. all
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Abstract:
This research paper examines the challenges associated with Megenagna Square,
a significant public space located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Megenagna Square
holds cultural, social, and economic importance as a bustling hub in the city.
However, it faces various challenges that hinder its potential as a vibrant and
functional public space. Through an urban analysis approach, this study explores
the challenges of Megenagna Square, including urban planning issues,
infrastructure limitations, social dynamics, economic considerations, and
environmental factors. The findings of this research provide insights for urban
planners, policymakers, and stakeholders to address the challenges and transform
Megenagna Square into a thriving public space.
By analyzing the challenges of Megenagna Square, this research paper provides a
foundation for effective urban planning, design, and management interventions.
The outcomes of this study can assist urban planners, policymakers, and
stakeholders in revitalizing Megenagna Square, enhancing its functionality, and
creating a vibrant and inclusive public space that meets the needs and aspirations
of the local community.
Keywords: Megenagna Square, Addis Ababa, challenges, urban planning,
infrastructure, social dynamics, economic considerations, environmental factors.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Chapter One
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Roundabouts, or traffic circles, were first developed over in the United Kingdom in the 1960s,
but are now widely used across the world, including in the U.S. It is, essentially, a circular
intersection where cars yield upon entering. The design is intended to foster efficient traffic flow
as well as make intersections safer. If you haven’t had much experience or exposure with
roundabouts, however, the unfamiliar design may be daunting. Here, we will discuss some of the
safety benefits and challenges that come with roundabouts.
Round abouts are often used at intersections that have a history of high crash rates or large traffic
delays. The vehicles travel around counterclockwise and the curved design pushes vehicles to
slower speeds. Once in the roundabout, drivers proceed to the exits they need. The design of the
roundabout makes it innately safer than other, traditional intersections that use traffic signals and
stop signs to manage traffic flow.
Roundabouts have also proven to be safer for pedestrians as well as motorists. As pedestrians
walk around the sidewalks which line the perimeter of the traffic circle, they only need to cross
lanes of one direction of traffic at a time, since all drivers are moving in the same direction.
Additionally, the crossing of lanes is usually shorter and the vehicles are traveling at lower
speeds than they would be at traditional intersections.
Roundabouts are a safer alternative to traffic signals and stop signs. The tight circle of a
roundabout forces drivers to slow down, and the most severe types of intersection crashes —
right-angle, left-turn and head-on collisions — are unlikely.
Roundabouts improve traffic flow and are better for the environment. Research shows that traffic
flow improves after traditional intersections are converted to roundabouts. Less idling reduces
vehicle emissions and fuel consumption.
Roundabouts generally are safer for pedestrians. Pedestrians walk on sidewalks around the
perimeter and cross only one direction of traffic at a time. Crossing distances are relatively short,
and traffic speeds are lower than at traditional intersections.
The choice of Megenagna Square of Addis Ababa for this study stems from its name which in
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
the Amharic language means "meeting place". Just as the name implies, this area is a
convergence place for a diverse group of activities. The place is also a terminus for the city taxis,
public buses and urban trains connecting to various neighborhoods. The primacy of the terminus
as a convergence area has necessitated some buildings to convert into formal shops, cafeterias
and restaurants, such that the agglomeration of these activities has heightened the area's
prominence.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Traffic congestion in Addis Ababa, Yeka sub-city would be crowded at both intersections of
peak hour. Among these, Lamberat Semen Bus Terminal Square and Megenagna Diaspora road
intersection was crowded by different types of vehicles. The study area was one of the Addis
Ababa sub-city which having a bus station and car station at the side of the road and near the
road intersections that distributes passengers into a different place of work and sub-city of Addis
Ababa.
Traffic congestion is a serious social problem and has been for some time. Carole Sauve writes
that during the Roman Civilization, Julius Caesar became so frustrated by traffic congestion that
he banned the movement of carts during daylight hours. Traffic in cities continues to grow
meteorically especially in major cities of developing countries, which are characterized by heavy
economic and population growth and assimilation in business and residential districts. Traffic
congestion costs consist of incremental delay, vehicle operating costs, fuel costs, pollution
emissions, and stress that result from interference among vehicles in the traffic stream,
particularly as traffic volumes approach a road's capacity.
Roundabouts are a safer alternative to traffic signals and stop signs. The tight circle of a
roundabout forces drivers to slow down, and the most severe types of intersection crashes —
right-angle, left-turn and head-on collisions — are unlikely.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Nowadays traffic congestion is considered as severe problems in most cities in the world due to
urban development and economic growth. Currently, Ethiopia is one of the countries that are in
rapid economic growth and social development that resulting from the increase of vehicles in
cities causing traffic congestion on roads especially at a roundabout and other intersections.
Roundabouts improve traffic flow and are better for the environment. Research shows that traffic
flow improves after traditional intersections are converted to roundabouts. Less idling reduces
vehicle emissions and fuel consumption.
Roundabouts generally are safer for pedestrians. Pedestrians walk on sidewalks around the
perimeter and cross only one direction of traffic at a time. Crossing distances are relatively short,
and traffic speeds are lower than at traditional intersections.
Most of these common roundabout crash types of stem from failure to yield the right of way and
traveling at unsafe speeds in the traffic circle. In multilane roundabouts, the merging and high
speeds can be even more of an issue, particularly for motorists who are not familiar with the
traffic pattern presented by a roundabout. There is Meany safety risks at roundabouts Some of
the more common types of roundabout crashes include:
Driver uncertainty about yielding,
Too many merge points, especially in roundabouts with more than four streets and multi-
lanes,
Driver speed, Drivers may try to 'cut' the roundabout,
Shoulder lane for bicyclists and pedestrians can be narrow,
Conflicts regarding who has the right of way could lead to crashes.
Vehicles being run off the road
Vehicles being sideswiped
Vehicles failing to yield
Vehicles colliding with the central island
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
1.3. Objectives of the study
1.3.1. General Objective
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the major challenges existing capacity and
performance of megenagna roundabouts in Addis Ababa City.
1.3.2. Specific Objectives
The following are specific objectives of the study:-
To quantify traffic significant factors tend to affect performance level of the
roundabout.
To identify the significant factors affecting the roundabout.
To investigate its problems in order to suggest the improvement.
The research questions are related to the specific objectives:
How traffic volume was quantified, and other significant factors tend to affect
performance level of the roundabout was identified?
How the existing capacity and performance of roundabout was analyzed?
What were the significant factors affecting capacity and Performance Level of the
roundabout?
What were the remedial measures that could be suggested to improve the intersection?
1.4 Significance of the Study
This research will be benefited to a new alternative way which can be proposed to solve the
problem at a roundabout. Now a day's traffic congestion has a serious effect on once country
development so, without doubt, the researches on traffic capacity evaluation and comparison
have a broad range of significance for both the researcher and city administer. The researcher
will have a better understanding regarding the determination of operational performance and
capacity of intersections. For the city administration, the research will help them to designing
and improving the performance of the intersections in the future for the city. And also it will be
important for design, operations and planning purposes in traffic management in the city.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
1.5 Scope
The investigation was carried out in Ethiopia's Addis Ababa city's Megenagna Square. Two
roundabouts, which have pedestrian walkways, serve as the boundaries of the public area. They
are located on the eastern side of the Gured Shola, west of Haya Hulet, south of Imperial, north
west of Signal, and west of the major roundabout.
The walkway that links the two roundabouts faces north, as shown by -The square is
distinguished by a collection of urban train, taxi, and public bus transportation options.
Furthermore, Megenagna boasts a transit hub known as "Megenagna Weste," offering both
public and private transportation options.
1.6 Delimitation of the study
The study's primary focus is the roundabout's significant issues in the Megnagna [Link]
economic activity in Megenagna public spaces is also one of the issues. Any other Megenagna
Square public area, including bus and taxi stations. The traders include vegetable vendors,
booksellers, shoe shiners, and street vendors.
Determining the limits and features of the Megenagna area would be the task of the delimitation
study. This would entail determining it’s in addition to its geographic, demographic, economic,
and social characteristics. Along with defining the area's land use, the study would also outline
its natural environment, transportation infrastructure, zoning laws, and development plans. The
research would also evaluate the area's prospects and difficulties, including community needs,
environmental issues, and the pressures of urbanization. Urban planners and legislators can
obtain a thorough overview of the Megenagna area through this delimitation research, which can
guide future development, infrastructure upgrades, and community initiatives.
The study would also assess the demographic and economic characteristics of the area, including
the volume and types of traffic, the presence of commercial centers or residential areas, and the
transportation infrastructure.
As of the current situation, the land use in the Megenagna area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia is
characterized by a mix of commercial, residential, and institutional developments. Megenagna
has experienced rapid urbanization and expansion, leading to the establishment of bustling
commercial districts, residential neighborhoods, and a variety of businesses and services.
Commercial: The area is known for its vibrant commercial activity, hosting retail stores,
restaurants, cafes, and other businesses. Megenagna features a diverse range of shops and
services, catering to the needs of local residents and visitors.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Residential: Megenagna accommodates a significant residential population, with a mix of
housing options including apartments, condominiums, and single-family homes. The area has
witnessed residential development to meet the growing demand for housing within the city.
Institutional: Additionally, Megenagna houses institutions such as schools, healthcare facilities,
and other public services, contributing to its role as a well-rounded community center.
Transportation and infrastructure: The area also features necessary transportation
infrastructure, including roads, public transportation and other essential facilities to support the
growing population economic activity.
Overall, Megenagna has evolved from its agrarian beginnings to become a key urban area,
marked by a blend of residential, commercial, and institutional land uses, reflecting the broader
urbanization trends within Addis Ababa.
Economic situation The Megenagna neighborhood is currently well-known for its thriving
economy. The region has seen tremendous economic expansion and development, turning it into
one of the city's busiest business districts Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) coexist
peacefully with larger corporations, creating a heterogeneous economic environment. The region
also hosts a range of professional services, which supports its status as a hub for trade and
commercial activity.
The delimitations of a research paper on the challenges of Megenagna Square in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, refer to the specific boundaries and limitations set for the study. These delimitations
help to define the scope and focus of the research, ensuring that it remains manageable and
feasible.
Here are some possible delimitations for a research paper on the challenges of Megenagna
Square:
1. Geographical scope: The research paper focuses solely on the challenges faced by Megenagna
Square in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It does not cover other public spaces or areas within the city.
2. Timeframe: The research paper may specify a particular timeframe for the analysis of
challenges. It may focus on the present situation or consider challenges that have emerged within
a specific period.
3. Specific challenges: The research paper may choose to prioritize and delve into specific
challenges faced by Megenagna Square, such as traffic congestion, pedestrian infrastructure, or
economic activities. It may not cover all possible challenges comprehensively.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
4. Stakeholder perspectives: The research paper may concentrate on specific stakeholder
perspectives, such as the local community, businesses, or urban planners. It may not encompass
the viewpoints of all stakeholders involved in the development and management of the square.
6. Implementation feasibility: The research paper may not extensively explore the
implementation of proposed solutions or interventions to address the challenges. Instead, it may
primarily focus on identifying and analyzing the challenges themselves.
7. Exclusion of quantitative analysis: The research paper may choose not to incorporate
extensive quantitative analysis, such as statistical data or modeling, due to limitations in data
availability or the specific research approach chosen.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
Limitations of a research paper on the challenges of Megenagna Square in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, refer to the constraints and factors that may impact the study, potentially influencing
the scope, depth, and generalizability of the findings.
While conducted this study the researcher had faced the following main constraints ፡-
The following were the limitations of the study: -
1. Too much time was spent on translating the collected data from the informal workers
native language (Amharic) to English language.
2. Unwillingness of the government law enforcement officers to respond to the interviews.
3. Availability and access to relevant data and information on the challenges of Megenagna
Square may be limited. Data gaps or incomplete datasets can hinder the
comprehensiveness and accuracy of the research.
4. Conducting a thorough analysis of the challenges of Megenagna Square may require
more time than available for the research. This could result in a limited examination of
the challenges or an inability to capture any recent developments or changes.
5. The research paper may be limited to specific languages for data collection and analysis.
For example, it may focus primarily on English or Amharic sources, potentially
excluding valuable information in other languages.
6. The challenges faced by Megenagna Square may evolve or change over time. The
research paper's findings may reflect a snapshot of the challenges during a specific
period, potentially overlooking emerging or future issues.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Chapter 3
3. Research Design and Methodology
This research methodology that wills be used this study is descriptive survey. Descriptive survey
method will be employed to collect the necessary information to successfully attain the
objectives of the study. Because this method of study is very essential to define deeply and
logically investigate complex information (data) collected from large population size .
3.1. Sources of Data
As it is intentionally designed at the proposal stage of this paper, the necessary evidences is
collected from primary and secondary data sources. Due to the fact that the population of the
study should include all members found in elementary schools of Yeka sub city wereda one the
researcher systematically designed the population of the study on the manageable size. Thus, the
total population of this study incorporated 71 subjects. While all these subjects are from 3
schools found in the Yeka Sub city Wereda one. This figure is representing different groups in
the schools. For instance, 9 are directors, 30 are teachers, 9 are students, and 12 are parent
teacher association, 8 are Keble education and training board and 3 are department head.
Explicitly speaking the relevance and valid data is collected from this population through
systematically sampling adequate representatives and disseminating questionnaires and
conducting interviews and document materials.
3.2. Samples and Sampling Techniques
3.2.1. Data Gathering Tools
As it is intend at the proposal stage of this study, questionnaire is the only instrument of data
collection. On the questionnaire the researcher selected 15-20 respondents. However, we have
change our mind and the mixed approach of data collecting instruments are use later. Because
even though questionnaire is both powerful and consume of time and as well as simply to
analyze, it is very difficult to relay on single data gathering tool to confirm the validity of
information collected. Hence, to serve this purpose, unstructured interview consisting of,
guideline items, and documented materials (Document analysis) is used as additional data
gathering tools.
3.2.2. Methods of Data Analysis
Mixed approach of data analysis method is use in this study. The evidence collect though close
ended questionnaire is analyzed in quantitative method of data analysis by using frequency and
percentage obtain. Data will be collected by open-ended questions; document and interview will
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
be analyzed by using qualitative methods of data analysis. Content analysis can be used when
qualitative data has been collected through:
1. Interviews
2. Focus groups
3. Observation
4. Documentary analysis
Content analysis is a procedure for the categorization of verbal or behavioral data, for purposes
of classification, summarization and tabulation.'
The content can be analyzed on two levels:
Basic level or the manifest level: a descriptive account of the data i.e. this is what was
said, but no comments or theories as to why or how
Higher level or latent level of analysis: a more interpretive analysis that is concerned with
the response as well as what may have been inferred or implied
Content analysis involves coding and classifying data, also referred to as categorizing and
indexing and the aim of context analysis is to make sense of the data collected and to highlight
the important messages, features or findings.
3.3. Organization of the study
This research will be organized using five chapters. The first chapter will highlight the problem
and its approach. The second chapter will present review of literature while the third chapter will
deal with research design and methodology. The fourth chapter will deal with draw finding,
conclusion and fifth chapter include result solution and recommendation.
3.4. Work and Budget breakdown
3.4.1. Work breakdown/Schedule/
No Chapter Activities Submission Date
1 One Writing proposal and Meskerem15/08-Tikmit
submission 30/08 E.C
2 Two Review of related literature and Hidar 10/08-Tahisas 30/08
questionnaire development E.C
3 Three Data Analysis and interpretation Yekatit01/08-Megabit
15/08E.C
4 Four Summary, Conclusion and Yekatit01/08-Megabit
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Recommendation 15/08E.C
5 Five Complete first draft of the Megabit 25/08-Miazia
research 20/08 E.C
6 Final research paper in two Ginbot01/08-15/08
copies
3.4.2. Budget Breakdown
No Item Amount of money
require in birr
1 Stationary 800
2 Transport 900
3 Secretary work 920
4 Sub-total 580
5 Contingency (10%) 362
6 Ground Total 3562
Chapter 4
4. Findings of the study
4.1. Research findings
Megenagna, a district in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has undergone significant changes in land use
over time. Historically, the area was primarily characterized by agricultural land, with small-
scale farming activities and some rural settlements. As the city expanded and urbanization trends
emerged, the land in Megenagna transitioned from its agricultural roots to accommodate
residential, commercial, and institutional developments.
The main issue with the Megenagna roundabout is the severe traffic congestion that occurs
during rush hour. This is brought on by the large number of cars utilizing the roundabout,
ineffective traffic control, and lax enforcement of traffic laws. Increased travel times, air
pollution, and commuter annoyance are all consequences of congestion. Furthermore, there could
not be enough infrastructure in place for pedestrians in the area, which would put pedestrian
safety at risk. Upgrading the Megenagna roundabout area's infrastructure, implementing strict
traffic laws, and doing thorough planning are all necessary to improve both traffic flow and
safety.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Challenges
Land use planning and zoning issues: Megenagna's fast urbanization and economic growth
could provide difficulties for land use planning, which could lead to chaotic development, mixed
land uses, and insufficient zoning laws. This may have an impact on the area's overall usability
and beauty.
Sustainability issues: As Megenagna's economy expands, there may be more environmental
sustainability issues to deal with, such as rising energy costs, trash production, and possible
depletion of natural resources. In the absence of sufficient planning, this expansion may have an
adverse effect on the surrounding environment and general livability.
Infrastructure constraints: pedestrian access is in sufficient and the train also create another
conjunction and in sufficient road access.
Chapter 5
5. Result and solution Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
In conclusion, conducting research on Megenagna Square in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia holds great
significance. This bustling square serves as a central hub for various activities, including
commerce, transportation, and social interactions. Through thorough research, valuable
insights can be gained into the dynamics and impact of urban spaces on the local community
and economy.
Exploring Megenagna Square would provide an opportunity to examine the urban planning,
infrastructure, and design aspects that contribute to its functionality and liveliness.
Understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with managing such a busy square
can inform future urban development strategies and policies in Addis Ababa and other cities
facing similar circumstances.
Moreover, investigating the socio-economic aspects of Megenagna Square can shed light on the
interplay between businesses, street vendors, and residents, and how their interactions shape
the local economy. This research could also delve into the social dynamics, cultural significance,
and community engagement within the square, capturing the essence of daily life and human
experiences.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
By conducting a comprehensive study on Megenagna Square, policymakers, urban planners,
and stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the strengths, weaknesses, and potential
improvements of this important urban space. The findings could contribute to the development
of sustainable strategies that enhance the quality of life for residents, improve urban mobility,
promote economic growth, and preserve the cultural heritage of Addis Ababa.
In conclusion, researching Megenagna Square in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia offers a unique
opportunity to understand and address the challenges and potentials of urban spaces,
ultimately leading to the creation of more vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable cities.
5.2 Recommendation
Having the footpath or the pedestrian access at the basement will reduces the problem of
crossing and car accident and the population conjunctions in the street .
We built the basement because there is a lot of asphalt so that cars can go without traffic
jams.
If we change the location of the train and put in the basement, it will greatly reduce the
congestion of the passengers because people go down to the basement only to use the
train. Also it will increase the accessibility of the train and it increase the feasibility.
The design advantages of a basement train layout can be numerous, including:
The basement often provides a larger area compared to other indoor spaces, allowing for
a more expansive and intricate train layout design.
A basement train layout can be designed with easy access for maintenance, repair and
modifications, as it is typically a dedicated space that can be easily reached.
The basement provides ample room for customizing the train track layout, creating
various landscapes, tunnels, bridges, and other features that can add realism and visual
interest to the design.
The basement environment offers flexibility for creative design ideas, such as
incorporating lighting, sound effects, and intricate detailing to enhance the overall
experience.
The basement's location provides a natural sound buffer, allowing for quieter operation of
the train layout, as well as minimizing disturbance to other areas of the home.
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
The basement's controlled environment can help protect the train layout from
temperature fluctuations and humidity, making it an ideal space for preserving the model
train and its components.
The following design reduces this problem from the stress of finding transportation and the
crowding of people. In terms of creating an active and more accessible area.
The basement environment offers flexibility for creative design ideas, such as
incorporating lighting, sound effects, and intricate detailing to enhance the overall
experience.
The basement's location provides a natural sound buffer, allowing for quieter operation of
the train layout, as well as minimizing disturbance to other areas of the home.
The basement's controlled environment can help protect the train layout from
temperature fluctuations and humidity, making it an ideal space for preserving the model
train and its components.
5.3. Proposed site plan
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
5.4. Sectional view of the underground train
5.5. proposed perspective 3d view
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
Reference
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administration; unpublished.
2. Bolton .w.(1994) production: planning and control, England: Longman group UK
Limited.
3. Education sector strategy.(1994). Addis Ababa: EdPM
4. Ethiopian new education and training policy MOE (1994). Addis Ababa;St. George
printing press.
5. School improvement program (2004). Addis Ababa; Blue print.
6. UNESCO (2005).Implementing national EFA plans; hand book for decentralized
educational planning, Bankok; UNESCO –Asia and the pacific.
7. Wollo University. Organization and Management unpublished course material
8. WorkuGetachew (2000) scientific decision making process (Sizilagy , 1981 and Silver,
1981 ).
9. A Case Study of Megenagna area addis abeba, Ethiopia,
10. Assessment of the problems of on street parking in city addis abeba case study on
megenagna junction safety intersection street by miresa
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Major Challenges of Megenagna square
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