PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY of RUSSIA

INSTRUCTION TO Megatrends and Global Affairs (MT&GA)

FOR MAs Specialising in IR (41.04.05)
SYLLABUS FOR: II. 2016/2017

Room_____, day_________, time______

Instructor information
Name: [Link]. (in History), Prof. Vladimir I. Yurtaev
Phone: +7 (495) 787 38 08*2526
E-mail: vyou@[Link]
Office hours: by appt.
Web Cite: [Link]

1. Course description and goals:

Main goal of a course is acquaintance of trainees with the academic research
laboratory, receiving basic knowledge by them, skills and abilities as scientists-
researchers of university level. The main accent when studying installations and
priorities of changing world politics and economy is made on identification of
conceptual aspects of process of changes. The new directions of development of
our life space that «The road map of the XXI century» can be called are studied. In
focus of research there are megatrends and global affairs of the present and the
new tendencies arising in the course of globalization. The attention is given to
judgment of the major factors influencing formations and defining limits of
realization of megatrends.

The following goals will be solved:

 to search the Global Affairs (GA) and Era of Globalization’s Megatrends (MT);
To give the analysis to process of formation and development of Megatrends in
world politics and economy;
To familiarize with the main profile concepts (of MT and GA);
To comprehend a phenomenon of Megatrends as element of strategic culture of
new society, to study the factors influencing or limiting process of formation of
strategic culture of the world;
To reveal the fundamental bases of regional and transregional integration and
features of emerging international partnership, interaction and cooperation, to
show its role in modern system of the international relations.
The special attention is given to formation of ability of a message author's
scientific academic work at modern level and of the skill to prove documentary
(textually) the studied positions and creatively to study the research subject.

As a result of course passing the student receives skills of writing of the

academic scientific text, including understanding of its features, principles,
reviewing and registration procedures.

Innovative filling of a course is provided, first of all, with its aiming at

achievement of result in the course of intellectual activities of the trainee for
studying of the main directions of transformation of modern system of the
international relations in a context of change of a global paradigm of
development of the world that has essentially incomplete character. The
innovative component of formed new knowledge arises also as result of use of
a technique of a comparative and comparative approach to studied materials
and formats of their preparation at high international level.

2. The place of the discipline in the General Subject structure:

The course belongs to the humanities, social cycle. The completion of this course
is a prerequisite for the discipline. There are no prerequisite for this course.

3. Competences development requirements:

By the end of the course students will acquire or enhance the following skills:
- will be able to work with theoretical knowledge at the forefront of their
discipline;
- will be aware of the ethical dimensions of the scholarly work done in their
discipline in general as well as of their own work in particular;
- will have a comprehensive understanding of methods and methodologies in their
discipline;
- will be able to undertake analysis of complex, incomplete or contradictory areas
of knowledge;
- will have a level of conceptual understanding that will allow them to critically
evaluate research, advanced scholarship and methodologies and argue alternative
approaches;
- will be reflective and self-critical in their research work;
- will be able to engage in academic and professional communication orally and in
writing;
- will have independent learning ability required for continuing professional study.

4. Content of the discipline and the main types of activities:

It is 3 credits discipline
Types of activities Total amount of hours semesters
Classroom classes(total) 40
Independent study 68
(total)
Including:
Course papers (essays) 25
Other kinds of 43
independent study
Total content in 108/3
hours/credits

5. The content of the discipline:

5.1. Content per unit
N Name of the unit Contents of the unit
1. Significance of The sources of Globalization: global
Globalization Era problems; complex world interdependency;
significance of the multilateral international
negotiations. The new context: 3 levels of
globalization and new diplomacy. The new
stage of World political-economy integration.
Transition to a G-World.
2. Megatrends and Problems Impact of the end of the Cold War on the
of the International world’s development. The Post bipolar
Development during the World and the USA. Joint Formal and
1991-2012. Informal Approvals of Resolving
Problems.

3. Globalization and World Challenges of the Globalization. Changes of

Integration Process. the international relations system. Changes of
decision-making system in the World.
4. New Regional Integration The SPACE: SCO / ShOS Shanghai
level. Cooperation Organization & EurAsEC /
ЕврАзЭС Euroasian Economic Community.

5. Significance of the New The Space of International Transport

International Corridor «North-South». The logistic of
Communication and international group BRICS.
Transport Projects.

6. Traditional Integration The characteristic of “Big Europe”;

Organizations: Problems of Commonwealth of Independent States; East
Identity in a New World Asia.
Order.

7. New Global Integration The Space of BRICS: Brasilia, Russia, India,

 Level: search for Open China, South Africa. Description of the
Partnership. BRICS Mission.

8. Discourse within the BRICS New paradigm of development. New

on development and Intercontinental Open Partnership. Status-
cooperation. Technology Cooperation. New Leaders for a
New World.
9. The Club of Rome concepts Club of Rome. The 8 Millennium
and policy for Transformed Development Goals. The Consciousness
World. Revolution. Global Peace: Human Potential,
Networking, Interdependence. Shaping our
Future.

10 The Sustainable Interdependence between Society, Economy,

. Development. Environment: ELF-Environment, Local
People, Future. The basic agreements on the
Sustainable Development.

11. Role of the Sustainable Definition of Sustainable Development. The

Development Concept in basic characteristics of Sustainable
Formation of the New Development Concept. Sustainability
World Order. standards and certification systems. The
major factors defining its maintenance and
implementation. The United Nations
Outcome Documents.
12 The comparative studies on Concept of the triple bottom line. Human
. the Sustainable Being, Society, Nature: The Development
Development. Problem.

13 The 2025 Global Landscape. Main principles of cooperation and

. partnership evolution in 21th century. The
way for global multipolar system emerging.
 Alternative development models.
Development and cooperation prospects in
the Globalization Epoch.

14 The New Hegemony Formation of the Multipolar World

. Problem. Order. The United States as the single
most powerful country. Eurasia-
Africa-America Partnership and its
basic characteristics. Leadership Will
Be Key

5.2 Discipline units and interdisciplinary links with other (following)

disciplines
Regional Subsystems of International Relation in the XXI-st century;
Contemporary Foreign Policy Strategy of the Russian Federation and
International Conflicts;
Conceptional Bases of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) for the
EU;
Conceptual Bases of Global Security;
Foreign Policy Process and The Russian Federation Foreign Policy
Formulation;
Non-State Participants of International Relations and World Politics;
New Risks in International Relations;
International Conflict of New Generation and its Settlement.

N The course is a prerequisite Unit number of this discipline as a

for the following disciplines prerequisite of the future disciplines
5.3. Discipline units and types of activities

N Name of the discipline units Classroom Independen Total

classes t study hour
s
1. Significance of Globalization Era 2 5 7

2. Megatrends and Problems of the 2 5 7

International Development during the
1991-2012.

3. Globalization and World Integration 2 5 7

Process.

4. New Regional Integration level. 2 5 7

5. Significance of the New International 2 3 5
Communication and Transport Projects.

6. Traditional Integration Organizations: 4 5 9

Problems of Identity in a New World
Order.
7. New Global Integration Level: search for 2 5 7
Open Partnership.

8. Discourse within the BRICS on 4 5 9

development and cooperation.

9. The Club of Rome concepts and policy 4 5 9

for Transformed World.

10 The Sustainable Development. 4 5 9

.
11. Role of the Sustainable Development 2 5 7
Concept in Formation of the New World
 Order.
12 The comparative studies on the 2 5 7
. Sustainable Development.

13 The 2025 Global Landscape. 4 5 9

.
14 The New Hegemony Problem. 4 5 9
.
15 Total 40 68 108
.

6. Texts:

a) required

Books and articles:

1. BBC World Service // URL: [Link]
programmes/globalization/
2. European Perspectives on the New American Foreign Policy Agenda: the
EU and the World in 2009 / Ed. by A. de Vasconcelos. – Paris: EU Institute
for Security Studies, 2009.
3. Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World. – Washington, 2008, November.
4. Global Trends 2030: The World in 2030 // URL:
[Link]
5. Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council's
2020 Project, National Intelligence Council, December 2004 // URL:
[Link]
6. Mayer H. The EU’s rhetoric and action as a responsible global institution //
International Affairs. – 2008, January.
7. Naisbitt John. Ten New Directions Transforming Our Lives. A Road Map to
the 21st Century. – 1990, May.
8. Naisbitt John, Naisbitt Doris. China's Megatrends. The 8 Pillars of a New
Society. – Warner Books, 1982.
 9. Partners and neighbours: a CFSP for a wider Europe. – Paris: EU Institute
for Security Studies, Challiot Paper, 2005, September.
[Link] P. New power centers and new power brokers // International
Affairs. – 2008, May.
11. Who does UK National Strategy? First report of Seccion 2012-11 // House
of Commons, 18 October 2010 // URL:
[Link]
35/[Link]
[Link] J. Europe as a global actor: Empire by example? // International
Affairs. – 2008, May.

b) recommended (additional)
Books:
1. What ambitions for European defense in 2020 / Ed. by A. de Vasconcelos. –
Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies. 2009.
2. Europe’s new security challenges/ Ed. By H. Gartner, A. Hyde-Price, E.
Reiter. – London, 2001.
3. Fukuyama F. Samuel Huntington (Obituary) // The American Interest. –
2008, December // URL: [Link]
p=688
4. Gordon P.H., Shapiro J. Allies at War. America, Europe and the Crisis Over
Iraq. – New York, 2004.
5. Quinlan M. European Defense Cooperation. Asset or Threat to NATO? –
Washington, 2001.
6. Sloan S.R. NATO, the European Union, and the Atlantic Community. The
Transatlantic Bargain Reconsidered. – New York, 2003.
7. White B. Understanding European Foreign Policy. – New York, 2001.
8. Winn N., Lord C. EU Foreign Policy Beyond the Nation-State. Joint Actions
and institutional Analysis of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. –
Chippenham, 2001.
Primary sources:
1. A Secure Europe in a better world. European Security Strategy, document
adopted at the European Council. 12 December 2003.
2. Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011: A Gender Review //
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de
Janeiro, 3-4 June 1992.
3. EU Common foreign and security policy. Core documents. EU Institute for
Security Studies. Paris 2007.
4. EU Security and Defense Policy. The first ten years (1999-2009). – Paris:
EU Institute for Security Studies, 2009.
5. Global limits, a systemic crisis and its root causes // URL:
[Link]
6. Global Strategic Trends – Out 2040. Strategic Trends Programme //
Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre / Ministry of Defence, 12
January 2010 // URL: [Link]
4343-B46F-05EE80314382/0/GST4_v9_Feb10.pdf
7. NATO Report “Environment and Security in an International Context”
(Editors Kurt M. Lietzmann and Gary D. Vest. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization. Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society. Final
Report, March 1999. – Bruxelles. Report No 232.).
8. NATO-CCMS Achievements in Defense-Related Environmental Studies
1980-2001 – March 2001. – Report No. A-2001/02.
9. Report of the OECD Workshop on Risk Assessment and Risk
Communication in the Context of Chemical Accident Prevention,
Preparedness and Response. // OECD Environmental Health and Safety
Publications. Series on Chemical Accidents No. 1. Environment Directorate.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. – Paris 1997.
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Security in a Changing World’// Brussels, 11 December 2008 / S407/08 //
 URL: [Link]
en/esdp/[Link]
11. The foreign policy concept of the Russian Federation. Approved by Dmitry
A. Medvedev, President of the Russian Federation, on 12 July 2008 // URL:
[Link]
pdf
12. The Programme of the Club of Rome on A New Path for World
Development // URL: [Link]
2011/07/CoR_Flyer_090605.pdf
13. Shaping the future: Six Global Goals // URL: [Link]
p=2118
14. The count-up to 2052: An overarching framework for action // URL:
[Link]
15. The Programme of the Club of Rome on A New Path for World
Development // URL: [Link]
content/uploads/2011/07/CoR_Flyer_090605.pdf
16. The World in 2052 // URL: [Link]
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Books and articles:

1. America’s Vital Interest in Global Health: Protecting Our People, Enhancing
Our Economy, and Advancing Our International Interests. National
Academy Press. – Washington, D.C. 1997.
2. Allen J. L. Student Atlas of World Politics. – Mansfield, 2002.
3. Amstutz M. R. International Conflict and Cooperation. – Boston., 1999.
4. Anderson, Nancy W. (ed.) Agenda 21: moving into the 21st century: a record
of proceedings. 1993, March 20-21. – Medford, MA: Tufts University, 1993.
5. A Zero-Sum Game? // URL: [Link]
selected=globalization
6. Bergesen, Helge Ole. Environment, security and politicians: do they really
mean (and know) what they are saying? Proposal for a litmus test of
commitment to global environmental regimes. // OECD Report no.1990/12.
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7. Bertalanffy L. von, 1968. General System Theory: Foundations,
Development, Application. – New York: George Braziller, 1975.
8. Bertrand, Maurice. Global security and risk management: ideological and
institutional transformations at the end of the 20th century. – Geneva.: World
Federation of United Nations Associations, 1991.
9. Blaker M. Case Studies in Japanese Negotiating Behavior / M. Blaker, P.
Giarra, E.F. Vogel. – Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press,
2002.
[Link] Ch. Understanding International Relations. – N.Y., 2001.
[Link] В., Little R. International Systems in World History: Remaking the
Study of International Relations. – Oxford, 2000.
[Link] С. French Negotiating Behavior: Dealing with La Grande Nation / C.
Cogan. – Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2003.
[Link] R. Negotiating Across Cultures: International Communication in an
Interdependent World / R. Cohen. Rev. ed. –Washington: United States
Institute of Peace Press, 2002.
[Link] M.K. The New Global Politics of the Asia-Pacific / M.K. Connors,
R. Davison, J. Dosch. – London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
[Link] European Foreign Policy / ed. By W. Carlsnaes, H. Sjursen,
B. White. – London: SAGE Publishers, 2004.
[Link] International Relations: A Guide to Theory / Ed. by A.J.R.
Groom, M. Light. – London: Pinter, 1994.
[Link] W. R., Jancar-Webster В., Switky B. World Politics in the 21st
Century. – N.Y., 2002.
[Link] Union negotiations: processes, networks and institutions / Ed. by
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France, 2003.
[Link] Systemic Risks in 21st Century: An Agenda for Action OECD
Publications Service. – OECD, Paris, France, 2003.
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[Link] J. European approaches to international relations theory: a house
with many mansions / J. Friedrichs. – London: Routledge, 2004.
23.40 years ‘Limits to Growth’ // URL: [Link]
[Link] J. S. International Relations. – N.Y., 2001.
[Link] J.S. International Relations / J.S. Goldstein. / 5th ed. – New York:
Longman, 2004.
[Link] of International Relations / Ed. by W. Carsnaes, T. Risse, B. A.
Simmons. – L, 2002.
[Link] S. The New Pillar: Conservative Arab Gulf States and U.S.
Strategy / S. Henderson; The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. –
Washington, 2003.
[Link] K. J. International Politics: A Framework for Analysis. – N.J., 1995.
[Link] B. Continuity and Change in World Politics: Competing
Perspectives. – N.J., 2000.
[Link] in World Politics / Ed. by B. White, R. Little, M. Smith. – L, 2001.
[Link] Ch. W, Rimond G. A. A Multi polar Peace? Great-Powers Politics in
Twenty-first Century. – N.Y., 1994.
[Link] Ch. W., Wittkopf E. R. World Politics: Trend and Transformation. –
N.Y., 2001.
[Link] A. C, Lepgold J. World Politics into the 21st Century. – N.J., 2002.
[Link] Th. M., Schotten P. M. Understanding Politics: Ideas, Institutions,
and Issues. – N.Y., 1999.
[Link] International Crises / J. Wilkenfeld, K.J. Young, D.M. Quinn, V.
Asal. – London: Routledge, 2005.
[Link] J. The Globalization Syndrome. Transformation and Resistance. –
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. – Ch.9.
[Link] K. Essence of International Relations. – N.Y., 1999.
[Link] Diplomacy and the United Nations Today / Ed. by J.P. Muldoon,
J.F. Aviel, R. Reitano, E. Sullivan. – Cambridge: Westview Press, 2005.
[Link] M. International Relations: A Concise Introduction. – N.Y., 1998.
[Link] K. R. The Patterns of World Politics. – Scarborough, 1999.
41.O'Neill, John. Ecology, policy and politics: human well-being and the
natural world. Environmental philosophies. – London: Routledge, 1993.
[Link] Common Future. // World Commission on Environment and
Development. – Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987.
[Link] Planet, Our Health. Report of the WHO Commission on Health and
Environment. Chaired by S. Veil. 1992.
[Link] A. The Human Quality. – Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977.
[Link] F. S., Rochester J. M. International Relations. – N.Y., 1998.
[Link] Handbook of the World: 2000-2002 / Ed. by A.S. Banks, T.S.
Muller, W.R. Overstreet; Binghamton University; State University of New
York. – New York: CSA Publ., 2003.
[Link] in International Relations: The return from exile / Ed. by P.
Hatzopoulos. F. Petito. – New York: Palgrave, 2003.
[Link], Michael. National security: the economic and environmental
dimensions. // World watch Paper no.89. – Washington, DC: World watch
Institute, 1989.
[Link] M.G. IR: The New World of International Relations / M.G. Roskin,
N.O. Berry. / 6th ed. – New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2005.
[Link] J. T. International Politics on the World Stage. – Mansfield, 2001.
[Link] J. Т., Воуег М. A. World Politics: International Politics on the World
Stage. – Mansfield, 2000.
[Link] В., Starr H., Kinsella D. World Politics: The Menu for Choice.
Boston. – N.Y., 2000.
[Link] D. M., Brown E. International Relations: The Changing Contours of
Power. – N.Y., 2000.
[Link] R.H. Chinese negotiating behavior: pursuing interests through I
«old friends» / R.H. Solomon; with an interpretative essay by C.W.
Freeman. – Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2001.
[Link] Globalization of Eastern Europe: Teaching International Relations
Without Borders / Ed. K. Segbers, K. Imbusch. – Hamburg: Lit, 2000.
[Link] Spirit of Rio: Earth Suneilt.1992. – Brundtland Bull, 1992.
[Link] Sustainable Development for Local Authorities – Approaches,
Experiences and Sources. / By Malini Mehra and Anne-Mette Jurgensen (co-
author). Institute for Environment and Systems Analysis (IMSA
Amsterdam). // Environmental Issues Series. – Published by the European
Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 1997. – No. 5.
[Link] of risk analysis and risk management. / Ed. by V. Molak. CRC
Press, Inc. – New York. 1997.
[Link] P. R., Kauppi M. V. International Relations and World Politics. – N.J.,
2001.
[Link] A. International relations: from the Cold War to the globalized world
/ A. Wenger, D. Zimmermann. – London: Lynne Rienner, 2003.
[Link] World is it Anyway?: Civil Society, The United Nations and the
Multilateral Future / Ed. J.W. Foster; Contributing ed. A. Anand; The United
Nations Association in Canada. – Ottawa, 1999.
[Link] risk analysis. A Short Guide for Health, Safety, and
Environmental Policy Making. American Chemical Society. Resources for
the Future. – Center for Risk Management, 1998.
[Link] Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society / Paul C.
Stern and Harvey V. Fineberg, editors. / National Research Council
Committee on Risk Characterization, National Academy Press. –
Washington DC. 1996.
64. Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council's
2020 Project, National Intelligence Council, December 2004, which can be
found at: [Link]/nic/NIC_2020_project.html.

Internet recourses:
1. URL: [Link] – an official site of the Centre for European Policy
studies, Brussels.
2. URL: [Link] – an official site of the Clube of Rome.
3. URL: [Link] opinion/standard_en.htm – an official site
of the European Commission.
4. URL: [Link] Electronic resources over the countries of
the world of the The Economist magazine.
5. URL: [Link] 2020_project.html – an official site of
the Director of National Intelligence.
6. URL: [Link] – an official site of the EU Institute for
Security Studies, Paris.
7. URL: [Link] – an official site of the The International Institute
for strategic studies.
8. URL: [Link] Electronic resources of Library of the Congress of the
USA.
9. URL: [Link] – an official site of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development. Statistical information, analytical
materials on all aspects of world development.
[Link]: [Link] – a site of Berkeley
University (USA) on problems of the international organizations.
11. URL: [Link] – official servers of the
governments. Constitutions. International organizations.
[Link]: [Link] – an official site of the United Nations. Statistical
information, analytical materials on all aspects of world development.
[Link]: htth://[Link] – an official site of group of the World
bank. Statistical information, analytical materials on all aspects of world
development.
14. URL: [Link] – an official site of ASEAN countries.
15. URL: [Link] – an official site of North Atlantic Treaty
Organization.
16. Site Diplomatichesky messenger of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Russian Federation // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta Afriki RAN // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta vostokovednia RAN // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta Dalnego Vostoka RAN // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta Europa RAN // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta Latinskoy Ameriki RAN // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta mirovoy ekonomiki I mejdunarodnih otnosheniy RAN
(IMEMO) // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta USA-Kanady RAN // URL: [Link]
[Link] Instituta stran Azii i Afriki / the Moscow State University // URL:
[Link]
25. Site Moskovskogo gosudarstvenngo institutq mejdunarodnih otnosheniy
(University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
(MGIMO) // URL: [Link]
26. Site Nezavisimaya gazeta – dipkuryer // URL: [Link]
[Link] Pir Center // URL: [Link]
[Link] Rossiysky institute стратегических исследований // URL:
[Link]
[Link] Russian аssociation of international researches // URL:
[Link] ([Link]
30. Site Russian Council for International Relations // URL:
[Link]
Journals
1. Pro et Contra // URL: [Link]
2. Site Rossia v globalnoy politice // URL: [Link]
3. Site Rossia i sovremenniy mir // URL: [Link]
 5.1. Content per unit
5.1.1. Significance of Globalization Era.
The methodology of research is based on system approach to history of the
international relations and studying of foreign policy of the state. Globalization
making a context of this process is considered in three measurements: as objective
historical process, as idea and as project. At the end of 20 – the beginning of the
21st centuries in the world two main projects of globalization – the monopolar and
multipolar world competed. Growth of activity of the certain ‘second line’ states in
the sphere of foreign policy integrates new concepts into world historical process.
Definitions:
Globalization – is an objective process of transition of human community in
new universal quality as a result of joint implementation of the projects having
planetary value.
G-world – Globalizing World.
G-Era – Era/Epoch/Civilization of the Globalizied World.
Spiritual production and global consciousness, and a strategic resource of a
civilization in the G-World – creative ability of the person, becomes a dominant of
global community. At entry into an Era of Globalization (G-Era) the mankind
should solve two main problems: correlation between tradition and modernization;
and resistance to cultural aggression on national and religious values.
The sources of Globalization:
 Global problems;
 Complex world interdependency;
 Significance of the multilateral international negotiations;
 New technology.
The new context:
3 levels of globalization and 3 tracks of diplomacy. As it is represented, the
phenomenon ‘globalization’ can be comprehended and is at the same time realized
in three measurements: as objective historical process, as idea and as project. That
is, entering globalization, the mankind formulates certain concepts of development
and realizes them through participation in these or those projects.
At the beginning of the XXI century in the world two main projects of
globalization – the monopolar and multipolar world competed. Activization of
foreign policy activity of the states of ‘the second line’, including Iran, introduces
new projects in world historical process. Implementation of such large-scale
projects demands association of efforts of the majority of the states and has
universal value, creates conditions for transition of mankind in new quality through
change of the presence in environment, the life that naturally puts the person in the
globalization center. Track III Diplomacy – governmental, official and non-
governmental, multirateral.
The new stage of World political-economy and cultural integration
Globalization has become one of the most talked about debates of the past
10 years and has been the subject of numerous books and videos and the cause of
many major global demonstrations in most of the major cities of Europe and North
America.
Some of the critics of globalization have stated that the process of
globalization has exploited hundreds of thousands of people in developing
countries all around the world. It has caused great disruption to lives and produced
very few noticeable benefits in return.
The supporters of globalization point to the huge reductions in the numbers
of poverty achieved by some countries which have embraced globalization with
the leading world economies such as India, China, Vietnam, and Uganda. One
amazing thing about globalization is that there does not appear to be a definition
that could be called widely used and agreed by most people.
The depth of meanings associated with the term seems to be getting bigger
rather than narrowing over the years, taking into account, political, cultural and
other intonations in addition to the economic ones. However, in the past few years
a rapidly rising share of activity economically in the world does seem to be
happening between population that live in different countries instead of just one,
you might call it a global nation. This development in cross-border activities can
take shape in various forms.
Globalization attracts increasing interest and importance in contemporary
world affairs. It also inspires passionate supporters and critics. These in depth
reports explore different facets of the complex, evolving phenomenon of
globalization.
Globalization and Modernization
Within five hundred years catching-up modernization was the main form of
development of not western countries. Strengthening of world-wide and historical
communication between the people which didn't call globalization but which today
it is possible to call so was its consequence. Pre-Globalization of the 21st century
was marked by development of free trade in which England most of all succeeded.
But serious system resistance in the form of communism, fascism and nationalism
were shown to this round of globalization. And pre-globalization which was a
consequence of modernization, was interrupted.
The last decade is carried out process which not only on – to a being is
globalization, but also is called so. It includes the free world market, the world
information communication (Internet) participating in acceleration and
virtualization of economic processes, break on the global market of goods unique,
knowledge-intensive and surpassing others which move ahead by means of
advertizing. Disintegration of communism didn't leave the zones closed for global
trade and information.
Though the first and second globalization are similar among themselves and
have the difference at first sight connected only with new technologies both
engineering, and social, actually these are different processes. Modernity – a
consequence of such megatrend, as progress and modernization. Globalization –
the new megatrend doing modernization by local process.
The term ‘globalization’ arose for the characteristic of transnational
functioning of economy and information which, sharply accruing in the last
decade, made transparent for financial and information systems national frontiers
and provided advantage to those who entered technological and information
revolution. So, by definition of one of experts, ‘globalization – process of the
avalanche formation of uniform universal financial information space on the basis
of new, mainly computer technologies’. Other characteristic of this process:
‘Globalization is a merge of national economies in uniform universal system. It is
based on the ease which has arisen in the last decade of the 21st century of
movement of the capital, on new information openness of the world, technological
revolution, commitment of the developed industrial countries of liberalization of
movement of goods and the capital’.
Globalization is likely to continue, underpinned by the rapid development of
global telecommunications, and resulting in a pervasive information environment
in which much of the global population will be capable of being online all the time.
Main Global Problems and Challenges
 Assessing the progress to date and the remaining gaps in the implementation
of the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development and
addressing new and emerging challenges (Integration, Implementation,
Coherence)
 Food security and water
 Energy
 Green jobs-social inclusion
 Oceans and Seas, SIDS
 Natural disasters
 Climat change
 Forests and biodiversity
 Land degradation and desertification
 Mountains
 Chemicals and waste
 Education
 Gender equality
 Green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty
eradication.
Definitions:
Trend – A trend is a discernable pattern of change.
Driver – A driver is a factor that directly influences or causes change.
Megatrend – 1) The global, universal large-scale, long-term tendency
mentioning both the West, and not western countries; 2) The characteristic of softer
(without destruction of bases) transition to the modified present connecting lines of
traditional and modern societies.
Global megatrend – The process of change of a paradigm of life
reproduction and development of the G-World.
Gobal strategic trends – trends in the social, science and technology,
economic, resource and environment, geopolitical, international order dimensions.
Within each of these dimensions, key trends have been determined through
detailed analysis with subject matter experts. A crossdimensional analysis then
considers how these trends are likely to develop and interact, in order to establish
the key themes: The Human Environment; The Dynamics of Global Power; and
Evolving Defence and Security Challenges.

Strategy – Strategy is about dealing with uncertainty, complexity and the

dynamic. It is not a plan or a paper. In modern politics it is about ensuring that the
whole of government identifies and acts effectively upon the national interest.
Strategy is not policy, but is the means of effecting it.
 It derives from strategia, the function of a strategos, the Greek for general.
As the term ‘strategy’ has moved out of its narrow military meaning and into
general use, it has lost precisionThe idea of strategy as ‘strategic thinking’ (i.e. a
process) is confused with ‘a strategy’, which has come to mean more often than
not, a plan or merely a document. Although, inevitably it might be necessary to
document current strategy, the overwhelming view from our witnesses was that
strategy was a concept not a plan or a list. ‘Strategy is a culture of thinking’.
Grand Strategy – a strategy which determines how the policy for war and
peace will be accomplished at global and local levels.

Questions for discussion:

1. Globalization as qualitatively new phenomenon of the international life.
2. Main features and sources of the process of Globalization.
3. Global Problems and Challenges: the way of understanding Future.
4. Difference between Globalization and Modernization.
5. The new stage of World political-economy and cultural integration
6. Track III Diplomacy and its role in Globalization.
7. Globalization: levels of implementation.

Discipline
‘Megatends and Global Prolems’
Test for Postgraduate Students
1 question
Globalization as a new phenomenon is…
Answer 1. process of the avalanche formation of uniform universal financial
information space on the basis of new, mainly computer technologies.
Answer 22. an objective process of transition of human community in new
universal quality as a result of joint implementation of the projects having
planetary value.
Answer 3. a merge of national economies in uniform universal system.
2 question
Globalization: the levels of implementation…
Answer 12. as objective historical process
Answer 22. as idea
Answer 32. as project
3 question
Global megatrend is…
Answer 12. the process of change of a paradigm of life reproduction and
development of the G-World.
Answer 2. trends in the social, science and technology, economic, resource and
environment, geopolitical, international order dimensions.
4 question
Main features of globalization are…
Answer 12. world transnationalization
Answer 22. world regionalization
Answer 32. internationalization
5 question
New actors of the international relations in world politics …
Answer 12. multinational corporations
Answer 2. the main cooperation blocks
Answer 32. non-governmental organizations
Answer 42. inter-governmental organizations
6 question
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 had led to…
Answer 12. Unipolarity
Answer 2. Multipolarity
Answer 3. Bepolarity
7 question
The international system prior to 1945 can be described as …
Answer 1. one-polar
Answer 22. multi-polar
Answer 3. be-polar
8 question
SCO and EurAsEC are similar in…
Answer 12. sharp asymmetry in distribution of economic activity
Answer 2. clusters on scales
Answer 3. leading countries
9 question
The most significant factors defining for Russia the importance of MTK
‘North-South’ are…
Answer 12. Scale
Answer 22. Time
Answer 32. Strategic importance
10 question
Main models of integration interntional organsatons include…
Answer 12. models of political and economic integration
Answer 22. models of trade and economic cooperation
Answer 32. Models of the international economic nongovernmental
organizations regulating trade, developing economic strategy, etc
Answer 42. Models of the political unions and military blocks
11 question
The ‘threat multiplier’ to present Eiropen Unin is…
Answer 1. energy dependence
Answer 22. climate change
Answer 3. infrastructure
12 question
The joint EU-US statement on the Asia-Pacific region focuses on three areas…
Answer 12. Security. Sustainable development. Trade
Answer 2. Sustainable development. Green economy. Peace
Answer 3. Globalization. Democracy. Modernization
 13 question
The world in 2030 probably will be divided into areas:
Answer 12. A Globalizing area
Answer 22. A backward area dominated by Islamism
Answer 32. A declining area
14 question
Essential challenges for the EU are…
Answer 12. climate change
Answer 22. green growth
Answer 32 sustainability
15 question
Megatrends identified by EU are…
Answer 12. a polycentric world
Answer 22. common humanity in the information age
Answer 32. climate change in the age of scarcity
16 question
ASEAN AEC main objectives are …
Answer 12. single market and production base
Answer 22. highly competitive economic region
Answer 32. region of equitable economic development
Answer 42. region fully integrated into the global economy
17 question
BRICS should find answers to two main challenges…
Answer 12. how to pass to global economy
Answer 22. how to ensure global safety
Answer 3. how to lead the world
18 question
The basic strategic resource of a global civilization is likely to be…
Answer 12. creative ability of the individual
Answer 2. information
Answer 3. new technolgy
 19 question
The New Working Program of the Club of Rome consists of…
Answer 12. Values
Answer 22. Towards a new economy
Answer 32. The future of work
Answer 42. The future of governance
20 question
Sustainable development triangle:
Answer 12. development
Answer 22. economic
Answer 32. Environment

Local and total certification are carried out in the form of tests or in the
form of the questions offered by the teacher (at the discretion of the teacher).
Questions for repetition appear the teacher not less, than in two weeks prior to
certification date. The analytical note is written by the student during a semester
out of audience and assumes the independent creative answer (volume to 7 p., the
12th Times New Roman font, an one-and-a-half interval, page setup: at the left – 3
cm, on the right – 1,5 cm, from above and from below – 2 cm) on one of the
subjects chosen in the course of studying of a course. The material of work has to
have generalizing character with use of scientific literature of predecessors and
sources. The subject can be chosen on modern, and on historical plots. The special
attention is paid by the teacher on the correct registration of the list of sources and
literature on a subject, on correctness of the use and registration of footnotes. At
the indication of the sources found in the Internet, it is necessary to specify the full
address of a site. The creative essay is written by students on subjects of seminar
occupations out of audience (volume to 5 p.).
Academic ethics: respect for works of predecessors and opinions of fellow
students, argumentativeness of judgments, tolerance in group work, careful and in
essence performance of tasks of the teacher.
 Mark structure of an assessment:

 Intra semestrial certification – 23 points

 Total test – 25 points
 Visit of lecture and seminar occupations – 10 points
 Active work at a seminar – 17 points
 Paper preparation – 10 points
 Preparation of creative essays (5 pieces) – 3 points everyone = 15 points of
all
 Preparation of abstracts of articles or monographs – 10 points (for better
final mark)
In total – 100 points

Questions for discussion:

1. Globalization as qualitatively new phenomenon of the international life.

2. Interrelation and distinctions of Internationalization and Globalization.
3. Main features and sources of the process of Globalization.
4. Global Problems and Challenges: the way of understanding Future.
5. Difference between Globalization and Modernization.
6. The new stage of World political-economy and cultural integration
7. Track III Diplomacy and its role in Globalization.
8. Globalization: the levels of implementation.
9. Interrelation and distinctions of Internationalization and Globalization.
[Link] of the end of the Cold War on the world’s development.
[Link] of system of the international relations and its change.
[Link] of the World politics and international relations.
[Link] of world politics and the factors influencing it.
[Link] of democratization and problem of the international stability –
Eastern Europe. North Africa, Asia, Latin America, CIS.
[Link] of participants on a modern world political scene as a factor of
change of political structure of the world.
[Link] role of multinational corporations and NGO in world politics:
positive and negative tendencies.
[Link] of the bipolar world and its results.
[Link] among foreign and Russian authors about
multipolar/polycentric and bipolar structures of the world. Modern
concepts of polarity.
[Link] of globalization international relations system`s transformation.
[Link] of globalization on formation of the new bases of world
integration.
[Link] problems and international relations.
[Link] as the global economic center and new leader of Eurasia.
[Link] actors of the international relations in world politics.
[Link] and EurAsEC: the general and special.
[Link] as a new international organization of global type.
[Link] role of EurAsEC in integration of CIS.
[Link] problems and challenges of integration on the postsoviet space.
[Link] of the MTK ‘North-South’ project and its strategic principles.
[Link] – members and levels of decision-making within MTK ‘North-
South’.
[Link] ‘North-South’ – the bridge between Northern Europe and the
Southern Asia in Globalization Era.
[Link] situation around the MTK ‘North-South’.
[Link] and identification of the global strategic trends.
[Link] future of democracy and the ethno-national structures existing
already of century.
[Link] problem of global culture to offer instead of national culture.
[Link] problem of international security guarantees on national and regional
levels.
[Link] prospect of transformation of various integration models in uniform
world integration consortium and the future of the national states.
[Link] challenges in a polycentric world.
[Link]: challenges of globalization and new ‘integration cells’.
[Link] ASEAN way: fundamental principles and potential.
[Link]: answers to main challenges of the beginning of the 21st century.
[Link]: new priorities and principles of the international interaction.
42. BRICS as an open ‘terminal’ (‘Gate’) to Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin
America.
[Link] as an interregional allied group of ‘big economies’.
[Link] and its possible role in formation of the new international
relations system. Agenda for BRICS development.
[Link] of emergence of the concept of a sustainable development
and concept ‘Sustainable Development’ definition.
[Link] of the UN on environment.
[Link] international documents laid down in a basis of the concept of a
sustainable development.
[Link] of the Minister of environment of Norway of Gro Harlem
Brundtland ‘Our general future and its value’.
[Link] of the international research center ‘Club of Rome’ in creation of the
concept of a sustainable development.
[Link] of Sustainable Development. The basic characteristics of
Sustainable Development Concept. Factors of a sustainable development.
[Link] Sustainable development triad: economic, ecological and social
factors.
[Link] of Discussion round stability and Sustainable Development.
[Link] and 8 pillars as the foundation and drivers of China's new
society.
[Link] priority spheres in modeling of new architecture of the international
relations.
 [Link] role and a place of the ‘big economics’ of Asia, Africa, the CIS and
Latin America, other participating countries and regions in formation of a
new world order.
[Link] ways to maintain the exchance of knowledge in every sphere of life.
[Link] role of ‘generational consciousness’ in the world (youth masses of
people in aged structured world).
[Link] new processes of growing impact on character and dynamics of
world politics and the international relations.

Subjects of papers:

1. Actual models of political system of the world.

2. Globalization as the phenomenon in world history.
3. Changes in political system of the world at the end of 20 – the beginning of
the 21st century.
4. Formation of new system of the international relations at the end of 20 – the
beginning of the 21st centuries.
5. The states in modern system of the international relations.
6. Plurality of participants as factor of change of political structure of the
world.
7. New measurements of safety at the beginning of the 21st century.
8. Features of the conflicts in the 21 st century and possibility of their
settlement.
9. Modernization and Globalization.
10. Regional and Global in international relations.
[Link] and the European Union in G-world.
[Link] of energy security in international relations.
[Link] of ecological safety. Green Economy in foreign policy.
[Link] migration – new calls of the 21st century.
[Link]-industrial world and international relations.
[Link] of emergence of the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’.
[Link] of the international research center ‘Club of Rome’ in creation of the
concept of a sustainable development.
[Link] of international organizations for implementation of the program
of ‘Sustainable development’.
[Link] of developing world system.
[Link] problems in dynamics.
[Link] of global and regional in integration processes and aspiration to
national uniqueness.
[Link] in the G-world.
[Link] of new system of the international relations.
[Link] as a factor of the decision and intensification of global
problems.
[Link] actors of world politics in 21st century.
26. States and Globalization.