DPP - Daily Practice Problems
Chapter-wise Sheets
Date : Start Time : End Time :
CB29
SYLLABUS : Evolution
Max. Marks : 180 Marking Scheme : + 4 for correct & (–1) for incorrect Time : 60 min.
INSTRUCTIONS : This Daily Practice Problem Sheet contains 45 MCQs. For each question only one option is correct.
Darken the correct circle/ bubble in the Response Grid provided on each page.
1. Genetic drift operates only in tion?
(a) smaller populations (a) Development of transgenic animals.
(b) larger populations (b) Production of 'Dolly', the sheep by cloning.
(c) mendelian populations (c) Prevalence of pesticide resistance insects.
(d) island populations (d) Development of organs from 'stem cells' for organ
2. Archaeopteryx is connecting link between transplantation.
(a) Reptiles and birds 5. What is the correct arrangement of periods of palaeozoic
(b) Reptiles and mammals era in ascending order in geological time scale?
(c) Fishes and reptiles (a) Cambrian Devonian Ordovician Silurian
(d) Chordates and nonchordates Carboniferous Permian
3. Which of the following is true? (b) Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian
(a) Wings of birds and insects are homologous organs. Carboniferous Permian
(b) Human hands and bird's wings are analogous (c) Cambrian Ordovician Devonian Silurian
organs. Carboniferous Permian
(c) Human hands and bat's wings are analogous organs. (d) Silurian Devonian Cambrian Ordovician
(d) Flipper of seal and wing of birds are homologous Permian Carboniferous
organs. 6. The brain capacity of Homo erectus was about
4. Which one of the following phenomena supports (a) 650 cc (b) 900 cc
Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolu- (c) 1500 cc (d) 1400 cc
RESPONSE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
GRID 6.
Space for Rough Work
B-114 DPP/ CB29
7. Following is the digrammatic representation of the (a) sibling species (b) sympatric species
operation of natural selection on different traits. Which of (c) allopatric species (d) polytypic species
the following options correctly identifies all the three 12. At a particular locus, frequency of allele A is 0.6 and that
graphs A, B and C. of allele a is 0.4. What would be the frequency of het-
erozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium?
(a) 0.36 (b) 0.16
(c) 0.24 (d) 0.48
Frequency
Mean 13. On the primitive earth, polymers such as proteins and
nucleic acids in aqueous suspension formed the spherical
aggregates. These are called
(a) primitosomes (b) liposomes
(c) primitogens (d) coacervates
14. Which of the following evidences does not favour the
Phenotype (e.g., height) Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characters?
(a) Lack of pigment in cave-dwelling animals
(b) Melanization in peppered moth
(c) Absence of limbs in snakes
(d) Presence of webbed toes in aquatic birds.
15. Genetic drift is change of
A B C (a) gene frequency in same generation
A B C (b) appearance of recessive genes
(a) Directional Stabilizing Disruptive (c) gene frequency from one generation to next
(b) Stabilizing Directional Disruptive (d) None of these
(c) Disruptive Stabilizing Directional 16. The Miller-Urey abiotic synthesis experiment (and other
(d) Directional Disruptive Stabilizing subsequent, similar experiments) showed that...
8. First life form on earth was a (a) simple organic molecules can form spontaneously
(a) cyanobacterium (b) chemoheterotroph under conditions like those thought to prevail early in
(c) autotroph (d) photoautotroph the earth’s history.
(b) the earliest life forms introduced large amounts of
9. The cranial capacity was largest among the
oxygen to the atmosphere.
(a) Peking man (b) Java ape man
(c) life can be created in a test tube.
(c) African man (d) Neanderthal man
(d) long chains of DNA can form under abiotic conditions.
10. The Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if 17. In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its
(a) the population is very large (a) health
(b) frequent mutations occur in the population (b) contribution to the gene pool of the next generation
(c) the population has no chance of interaction with (c) mutation rate
other populations (d) genetic variability
(d) free interbreeding occurs among all members of the 18. Frequency of a character or a mutant gene in a population is
population expected to increase if the phenotype or its gene is.
11. The different forms of interbreeding species that live in (a) dominant (b) favourably selected
different geographical regions are called (c) recessive (d) sex linked
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
RESPONSE
12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
GRID
17. 18.
Space for Rough Work
DPP/ CB29 B-115
19. In a population of bears, which would be considered the 26. Which one of the following scientists name is correctly
fittest? matched with the theory put forth by him?
(a) The biggest bear (a) Weismann - Theory of continuity of Germplasm
(b) The bear having the largest number of mutations (b) Pasteur - Inheritance of acquired characters
(c) The bear that blends in with its environment the best (c) De Vries - Natural selection
(d) The bear that leaves the most descendants (d) Mendel - Theory of Pangenesis
20. Presence of temporary gill pouches in embryos of snakes. 27. The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns
birds and mammals indicates that of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an
(a) these embryos need the pouches for breathing example of:
(b) common ancestor of these animals had gill pouches (a) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent
(c) lungs evolved from gills evolution.
(d) fluid medium in which these embryos develop has (b) Analogous organ s th at h ave evolved due to
abundant convergent evolution.
21. Which of the following statements is correct? (c) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent
(a) Present apes are ancestors of man anatomically evolution.
(b) Proconsul was perhaps the common ancestor of apes (d) Homologous organs th at have evolved due to
and man convergent evolution.
(c) Proconsul was the ancestor of man and not of apes
28. Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur
(d) None of these
by chance rather than by natural section. The is referred to
22. What is common to whale, seal and shark?
as:
(a) Thick subcutaneous fat
(a) genetic drift
(b) Convergent evolution
(b) random mating
(c) Homoiothermy
(d) Seasonal migration (c) genetic load
23. One of the important consequences of geographical (d) genetic flow
isolation is: 29. The finch species of Galapagos Islands are grouped
(a) preventing speciation according to their food sources. Which of the following is
(b) speciation through reproductive isolation not a finch food?
(c) random creation of new species (a) Seeds (b) Carrion
(d) no change in the isolated fauna (c) Insects (d) Tree buds
24. Which one of the following in birds, indicates their reptilian 30. Evolution is
ancestry? (a) progressive development of a race
(a) Scales on their hind limbs (b) history and development of a race alongwith variations
(b) Eggs with a calcareous shell (c) history of a race
(c) Four-chambered heart (d) development of a race
(d) Both (a) and (b) 31. Homologous organs are
25. Jurassic period of the mesozoic era was characterised by: (a) Wings of Insects and Bat
(a) Radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal-like reptiles (b) Gills of Fish and lungs of Rabbit
(b) Dinosaurs become extinct and angiosperms appeared (c) Pectoral fins of Fish and fore limbs of Horse
(c) Flowering plants and first dinosaurs appeared (d) Wings of Grasshopper and Crow
(d) Gymnosperms were dominant plants and first birds
appeared
19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
RESPONSE
24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
GRID
29. 30. 31.
Space for Rough Work
B-116 DPP/ CB29
32. Theory of inheritance of acquired characters was given by (d) adaptations due to geographical isolation.
(a) Wallace (b) Lamarck 39. What was the most significant trend in evolution of modern
(c) Darwin (d) De Vries man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors ?
33. The kind of evolution in which two species of different (a) Upright posture
geneology come to resemble one another closely, is termed (b) Shortening of jaws
as (c) Binocular vision
(a) progressive evolution (d) Increasing brain capacity
(b) convergent evolution 40. According to Oparin, which one of the following was not
(c) parallel evolution present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth?
(d) retrogressive evolution (a) Methane (b) Oxygen
34. The presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates, (c) Hydrogen (d) Water vapour
supports the theory of 41. There is no life on moon due to the absence of
(a) biogenesis (a) O2 (b) water
(b) recapitulation (c) light (d) temperature
(c) metamorphosis
(d) organic evolution 42. Which one of the following statements is correct?
35. The change of the light-coloured variety of peppered moth (a) Cro-Magnon man’s fossil has been found in Ethiopia
(Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonaria) (b) Homo erectus is the ancestor of man
is due to (c) Neanderthal man is the direct ancestor of Homo sapiens
(a) mutation (b) regeneration (d) Australopithecus is the real ancestor of modern man
(c) genetic isolation (d) temporal isolation 43. Atmosphere of earth just before the origin of life consisted
36. Which of the following primate is the closest relative of of
humans? (a) water vapours, CH4, NH3 and oxygen.
(a) Rhesus monkey (b) Orangutan (b) CO2, NH3, and CH2
(c) Gorilla (d) Gibbon (c) CH4, NH3, H2 and water vapours.
37. Which of the following is the relatively most accurate (d) CH4, O3, O2 and water vapours.
method for dating of fossils? 44. The extinct human ancestor who ate only fruits and hunted
(a) Radio-carbon method with stone weapons was
(b) Potassium-argon method (a) Ramapithecus (b) Australopithecus
(c) Electron-spin resonance method (c) Dryopithecus (d) Homo habilis
(d) Uranium-lead method 45. Tasmanian Wolf is a marsupial while Wolf is a placental
38. Adaptive radiation refers to mammal. This shows
(a) evolution of different species from a common ancestor (a) convergent evolution
(b) migration of members of a species to different (b) divergent evolution
geographical areas (c) inheritance of acquired characters
(c) power of adaptation in an individual to a variety of (d) None of these
environments
32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
RESPONSE
37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
GRID
42. 43. 44. 45.
Space for Rough Work
DAILY PRACTICE PROBLEM DPP
Space CHAPTERWISE
for Rough Work 29 - BIOLOGY
Total Questions 45 Total Marks 180
Attempted Correct
Incorrect Net Score
Cut-off Score 45 Qualifying Score 60
Success Gap = Net Score – Qualifying Score
Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1)
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
DPP /CB29
12. (d) In a stable population, for a gene with two alleles, 'A' (domi-
1. (a) Genetic drift can operate only on smaller populations where
nant) and 'a' (recessive), if the frequency of 'A' is p and the
its fluctuation can be observed in the proportion of allele
frequency of 'a' is q, then the frequencies of the three pos-
distribution in the presence of external disturbances. Genetic
sible genotypes (AA, Aa and aa) can be expressed by the
drift is the random change in allele number and frequency in
Hardy-Weinberg equation:
a gene pool.
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
2. (a)
where p2 = Frequency of AA (homozygous dominant) indi-
3. (d) Flipper of seal and wing of birds are modified forelimbs,
viduals
thus, have same fundamental structure but have different
q2 = Frequency of aa (homozygous recessive) individuals
functions. Flippers are meant for swimming and wings are
2pq = Frequency of Aa (heterozygous) individuals
meant for flying. Therefore, these organs are homologous
so, p = 0.6 and q = 0.4 (given)
organs.
2pq (frequency of heterozygote) = 2 × 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.48.
4. (c) Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects supports natural
13. (d)
selection theory e.g., DDT was thought to be an effective
14. (b) According to Lamarckism (proposed by Lamarck), what-
insecticide against household pests (like mosquitoes house-
flies, body lice) in 1945. But, within 2 to 3 years of its ever characters an individual acquires in its life time due to
internal vital force, effect of environment, new needs, use/
introduction, new DDT resistant mosquitoes appeared in
the population. These mutant strains, soon became well es- disuse of organs, they are inherited to next generations. This
process continues and after several generations, the varia-
tablished in the population by natural selection and thus
replaced the original DDT-sensitive mosquitoes. tions are accumulated upto such an extent that they give rise
to new species. Melanization in peppered moth favours
5. (b) Paleozoic era is the era of ancient life. The correct arrange-
ment of periods of this era is Cambrian Ordovician (age of Drawin's theory of natural selection.
15. (c)
invertebrates) Silurian Devonian (age of fishes)
Carboniferous (age of Amphibians) Permian. 16. (a) In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey created, in the
laboratory, conditions comparable to those of early Earth,
6. (b) Homo erectus appeared about 1.7 million years ago in middle
pleistocene. Its brain capacity was about 900 cc. He was with water vapour, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia. The
Miller-Urey apparatus produced a variety of amino acids
about 1.5-1.8 m tall having erect posture.
7. (b) Stabilizing selection favours average sized individuals while and other organic compounds found in living organisms today.
17. (b) This is the definition of fitness.
eliminates small sized individuals. It reduces variation and
thus, does not promote evolutionary change. But it main- 18. (b)
19. (d) Fitness is a measure of an organism's genetic contribution to
tains the mean value from generation to generation. In direc-
tional selection, the population changes towards one par- the next generation.
20. (b) 21. (b)
ticular direction. It favours small or large sized individuals
and more individuals of that type will be present in next 22. (b) The analogous organs show convergent evolution due to
similar adaptation. They do not support organic evolution.
generation. The mean size of the population changes. Dis-
ruptive selection favours both small-sized and large-sized Whale, seal and shark shows convergent evolution due to
similar habitats.
individuals, It eliminates most of members with mean ex-
pression, so produces two peaks in the distribution of the 23. (b) Speciation takes place via reproductive isolation which is
the most important consequence of geographical isolation.
trait that may lead to development of two different individu-
als. It is important in bringing about evolutionary change. 24. (d) Scales on their hind limbs and eggs with calcareous shell,
indicates in birds about their reptilian ancestry.
8. (b) It is presumed that the first living organisms were
25. (d) Jurassic period of meoszoic era was about 19-20 crore years
chemoheterotrophs that obtained energy by the fermenta-
ago & lasted for about 5.5-6 crore years. The climate was hot
tion of complex organic substances available to them from
and damp. It is called the age of dinosaurs. Ist primitive bird
the sea broth. They were anaerobes.
Archaeopteryx evolved from reptiles. Ist angiosperm appeared
9. (d) The cranial capacity of Neanderthal man was 1400 cc, of
as a dicotyledon but gymnosperms were dominant.
Peking man was 850 - 1100 cc, of java ape man was
26. (a) The theory of the continuity of the germplasm was published
800 - 1000 cc and of African man was 500 cc.
by August Weismann (1834-1914) in 1886. It proposes that
10. (b) Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a theoretical situation
the contents of the reproductive cells (sperms and ova) are
in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary change.
passed on unchanged from one generation to the next,
It states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and
unaffected by any changes undergone by the rest of the body.
constant from generation to generation. There are five fac-
It thus, rules out any possibility of the inheritance of acquired
tors that affect Hardy-Weinberg Principle. These are - muta-
characteristics, and has become fundamental to Neo-
tion, gene flow, genetic drift, genetic recombination and natu-
Darwinian theory.
ral selection pressure.
27. (b) The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of
11. (c) In allopatric speciation, a part of the population becomes
geographically isolated from the main population. The popu- structure, yet they perform similar functions. This is an
example of analogous organs.
lation becomes entirely separated and finally constitutes a
new species in Galapagos Islands is an example of allopatric Analogous organs have evolved due to convergent evolution
. Analogous organs have developed in the evolutionary
speciation.
process through adaptation of quite
different organisms to similar mode of life.
28. (a) Genetic drift is variation in gene frequencies within 39. (d) The most significant trend in evolution of modern man (Homo
populations that can occur by chance rather than by natural sapiens) from his ancestors is development of brain capacity.
selection. Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so 40. (b) According to Oparin, the atmosphere of primitive earth was
different in the new sample of population that they become reducing because its atoms were most numerous and most
a different species. The original drifted population becomes reactive. Free oxygen was not present in significant amount.
founder and the effect is called founder effect. Large quantities of H2, N2, water vapour, CO2, CH4 and
29. (b) Darwin observed an amazing diversity of creatures on NH3 were present.
Galapagos islands. He realised that there were many varieties 41. (b) There is no life on moon due to absence of water. There are
of finches in the same island like seed-eating, with altered many other reasons for being no life on moon, like insufficient
beaks insectivorous and vegetarian finches. Carrion are dead oxygen, unsuitable temperature etc.
bodies. No finches feed on carrion. 42. (b) Cro-Magnon fossils have been found in Europe. Neanderthal
30. (b) The term Evolution was given by Herbert Spencer that is man is a transitional stage. Australopithecus appeared in early
“Descent with modifications”. Evolution helps us to Pleistocene.
understand the history of life. 43. (c) The primitive atmosphere was reducing due to lack of free
Evolution is a process in which something changes into a molecular oxygen. The early atmosphere contained ammonia
different and usually more complete or better form over time (NH3), water vapour (H2O), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4).
and in response to environment. This results in descendents 44. (a) Marsupials in Australia and placental mammals in North
becoming different from ancestors. America show convergent evolution. These two subclasses
31. (c) Organs that are similar in fundamental structure but different of mammal have adapted in similar ways to a particular food
in functions are “Homologous organs”, Richard Owen, supply, locomotor skill or climate.
introduced the term homologous. Pectoral fins of fish and 45. (b) Australopithecus is one of the longest-lived and best-known
fore limbs of horse similar in structure but different in functions early human species whose remains were found between
are homologous organs. 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago in Eastern Africa (Ethiopia,
Rest of the organs compared in the question are analogous Kenya, and Tanzania). Evidences shows that they hunted
organs. with stone weapons but essentially ate fruits.
32. (b) One of the first attempts to explain the mechanism of
evolution was made by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. His theory
was Inheritance of Acquired Characters. The theory states
that the characters acquired during life time are passed on to
the progeny and then to subsequent generations and new
species are produced.
33. (b) Progressive evolution is development of organisms with more
elaborate and specialized structures from those having less
elaborate features e.g. amphibians from reptiles
.Retrogressive or degenerative evolution is development of
simpler forms from more complex ones. Such evolution has
occurred in case of vestigial organs, parasitic forms, and in
reduction of overspecialized structures such as wings in
flightless birds. Parallel evolution is formation of similar traits
in related groups of organisms independently due to similar
requirement e.g. running of two toed deer and one toed Horse.
Evolution of wings in insects and birds serve as example of
convergent evolution.
34. (b) In the embryos of all vertebrates, the presence of gill slits
supports the theory of recapitulation (repeating the early
stages of embryogenesis in earlier evolved animals).
35. (a) The change in the colour of peppered moth is due to the
mutation of single mendelian gene for the survival in the
smoke-laden industrial environment. It is called Industrial
melanism.
36. (c) Chimpanzees and gorillas are our closest relatives among the
living primates.
37. (c) Electron Spin Resonance method is the most accurate method
for dating of fossils.
38. (a) Adaptive radiation refers to evolution of different species
from a common ancestor. The mammals are adapted for
different mode of life i.e. they show adaptive radiation. They
can be aerial (bat), aquatic (whale and dolphins), burrowing
or fossorial (rat), cursorial ( horse), scantorial (squirrel) or
arboreal (monkey). The adaptive radiation, the term by
Osborn, is also known as Divergent evolution.