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Evelyn Ntoko Mase and Mandela's Legacy

Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in South Africa. He became the first black president of South Africa in 1994 after serving 27 years in prison for his anti-apartheid activism. While in prison, he led the African National Congress party from 1961 to 1990. After his release from prison, Mandela committed himself to peacefully ending apartheid and reconciling with white South Africans, though he said the armed struggle against apartheid would continue if needed. Mandela served as president from 1994 to 1999. He was married three times and had six children.

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18 views3 pages

Evelyn Ntoko Mase and Mandela's Legacy

Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in South Africa. He became the first black president of South Africa in 1994 after serving 27 years in prison for his anti-apartheid activism. While in prison, he led the African National Congress party from 1961 to 1990. After his release from prison, Mandela committed himself to peacefully ending apartheid and reconciling with white South Africans, though he said the armed struggle against apartheid would continue if needed. Mandela served as president from 1994 to 1999. He was married three times and had six children.

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REPÚBLICA DE MOÇAMBIQUE

MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO


GOVERNO DISTRITO DA MATOLA

ESCOLA SECUNDÁRIA DA MATOLA


Ficha de Apoio nº 1 – Fevereiro de 2024

Disciplina: Inglês
Classe: 12ª Classe – Cursos Diurno

I – READING
Read the text and choose the correct answer (A,B,C,D) for the sentences below.

Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela, also known as Madiba, was born on 18th July 1918, in a small village
in the district of Mthatha in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. He was the first black
president of South Africa, and the first to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. He
held office from 1994 to 1999.
Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and in 1961 he became the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe,
the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). He was found guilty on accusation of
sabotage and other crimes in 1962. He served 27 years in prison on Robben Island, near Cape Town.
On 2nd February 1990, president F. W. De Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC and other anti- apartheid
organizations, and announced that Mandela would be released. On 11th February 1990, Mandela
walked from the Victor Verster Prison as a free man.
On the day of his release, Mandela made a speech to the nation and committed himself to peace and
reconciliation with the countrie’s white minority. But he made it clear that the ANC armed struggle
was not yet over: “our resort to the armed struggle in 1960, with the formation of the military wing
of the ANC (Umkhonto we Sizwe), was a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid.
The factors which necessitated the armed struggle still exist today. We have no option but to
continue. We express the hope that a climate conducive to a negotiated settlement will be created
soon, so that there may no longer be the need for the armed struggle”.
Mandela married three times. His first wife was Evelyn Ntoko Mase, with whom he had two sons,
Madiba Thembekile and Makghatho, and two daughters, both named Makaziwe. The couple broke
up after 13 years, in 1957. He then married Winnie Madikizela. They had two daughters, Zenani
and Zindziswa. After Mandela and his second wife divorced, he got married again, on his 80th
birthday in 1998, to Graça Machel née Simbine, widow of Samora Machel, the former president of
Mozambique.
Adapted from Learning English 12

1. Where was Nelson Mandela born?


A Eastern Cape B Gauteng C Lipompo D Western Cape

2. What did president de Klerk do on 2nd February 1990?


A Decided to join ANC C Increased Nelson Mandela’s Penalty
B Gave support to the ANC D Removed the ban on the ANC
1
3. After his release, Mandela was still determined to….
A chase the minority from South Africa. C destroy the military wing of the ANC.
B continue fighting against apartheid. D form a new military wing in the country.

4. How long did Mandela work as the head of state?


A 5 years B 10 years C 13 years D 27 years

5. Mandela did something that is unusual because he...


A got married three times to different women.
B had two daughters with the same name.
C stayed in prison for more than 10 years.
D was the first president of his country.

II – CONNECTORS
1. AND/ NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO…./ BOTH… AND…
We use these connectors to show addition of positive ideas.
Examples:
Samora Machel was an excellent leader.
Samora Machel was a great father.
a) Samora Machel was an excellent leader AND a great father
b) Samora Machel was NOT ONLY an excellent leader BUT ALSO a great father
c) Samora Machel was BOTH an excellent leader AND a great father

2. BUT/ HOWEVER/ ALTHOUGH (THOUGH)/ IN SPITE OF (DESPITE)


We use these connectors to show contrast of ideas.
Examples:
He worked hard.
He couldn’t pass his exam.
a) He worked hard, BUT he couldn’t pass his exam.
b) He worked hard, HOWEVER he couldn’t pass his exam
c) ALTHOUGH he worked hard, he couldn’t pass his exam
d) IN SPITE OF working hard, he couldn’t pass his exam

3. BECAUSE/ SO
We can use these connectors to give a reason or justification for doing something:
Examples:
It is raining very hard.
I can’t go out now.
a) It is raining very hard SO, I can’t go out now.
b) I can’t go out now BECAUSE it is raining very hard.

2
III. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE, TIME AND MOVEMENT

Preposition Used for : Examples


At 10 o’clock, At midnight, At lunchtime, At
TIME night, At the weekend, …

AT
FESTIVALS At Christmas, At Easter
SMALL PLACES (including At Infulene, At the Ministry of Agriculture
institutions)
BIG PLACES In Beira, In Africa, In China, …
With PARTS OF THE DAY In the morning, In the afternoon, …

IN SEASONS In winter, In Summer, …


MONTHS OF THE YEAR In January, In April, …
YEARS In 1995, In 2021
DATES On 1st January, …
ON DAYS OF THE WEEK On Mondays, On Sundays, …

TO – Used for movements and directions (generally used after the verb go)
e.g. She goes to the gym, I went to school

NOTE ALSO:
We use AT + HOME/ WORK/ SCHOOL
We use IN + OFFICE/ FLAT/ ROOM

The English Group

Common questions

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The use of prepositions in contextual learning highlights the importance of grammar in understanding the nuances of language. By providing clear examples of prepositions related to time, movement, and place, it offers practical language tools essential for effective communication, crucial in both educational settings and historical documentation .

Lifting the ban on the ANC marked a pivotal shift in South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. It symbolized a governmental shift towards negotiation with previously banned political groups, signifying the end of apartheid’s institutionalized restrictions and paving the way for democratic elections .

After his release, Mandela committed to peace and reconciliation with South Africa's white minority but maintained that the ANC's armed struggle was necessary until a suitable environment for a negotiated settlement was created. He emphasized that forced resort to armed struggle due to apartheid’s violence was a defensive action, and the conditions necessitating such struggle persisted .

Mandela’s assertion that the armed struggle must continue underscored the urgency for addressing systemic inequalities and sustaining pressure on the apartheid regime. While advocating for peace and reconciliation, he acknowledged the unchanging conditions of inequality, implying continued resistance was necessary until genuine reform was achieved .

Connectors help illustrate relationships between ideas, such as cause and effect or contrast, which clarifies complex texts. They aid in constructing coherent narratives, enabling readers to follow arguments logically, thus enhancing comprehension and retention of information .

Mandela’s speeches emphasized peace and reconciliation, bridging divisions among racial communities in South Africa. By balancing advocacy for armed struggle with efforts to repair inter-racial relationships, he crafted a narrative that focused on building a cooperative, inclusive society .

Mandela's marriage to Graça Machel represented a symbolic alliance between two significant anti-colonial struggles in Africa (South Africa and Mozambique). It underscored a personal and political partnership that reinforced themes of unity and reconciliation post-independence, highlighting the interconnected history and shared goals of African nations .

Mandela's marriages, notably his union with Winnie Madikizela and later Graça Machel, had significant personal and public implications. His marriage to Winnie paralleled his political struggle, wherein she played a prominent role in anti-apartheid activism. His later marriage to Graça Machel symbolized unity and reconciliation, connecting two African liberation movements (South Africa and Mozambique).

Mandela's origins in Eastern Cape, a region steeped in colonial and tribal history, exposed him to systemic inequalities. His early education emphasized African values and governance, shaping his dedication to equality and justice. These influences fostered resilience and strategic thinking, core traits in his anti-apartheid leadership and governance .

Mandela's presidency from 1994 to 1999 was emblematic of significant shifts towards inclusivity and equality in governance. He was the first black president elected democratically, breaking racial barriers, and his efforts in establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission were pivotal in promoting healing and restitution for past injustices .

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