PARTS: You are going to read a book review. For questions 21-36, choose the answer (8, C or) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, The Great Indoors: At Home in the Modern British House by Ben Highmore 11910 the music hall comedian Bily ‘Williams scored his biggest hit with the song When Father Papered the Parlour, mocking the incompetence of the amateur home decorator. Fifty years later, comedians Norman ‘Wisdom and Bruce Foreyth were still entertaining millions on the TV show Sunday Night at the London Pollan with a similar routine, but ‘the joke was starting to look dated. ‘The suocess of magazines such as The Proctical Householder was already proving that, as the 1957 Ideal Home Exhibition prolaimed, ‘Do‘tyourself {sa home hobby that is here to stay’ By tis stage, Britain had mostly ‘completed its transition fom primitive housing conditions, made ‘bearable - for those who could afford it~ by servants and handymen, {nto a world where families looked ater themselves in highly serviced environments. Recognisably modern technology in the form of telephones, televisions and electricity, hhad become ubiquitous and was to transform domestic living stil further inthe coming years. The zakeover of British homes in the ‘swentieth century is recounted in Ben Highmore's entertaining and informative new book, He takes us ona whirlwind tour of an everyday house, from entrance hall to garden shed, illuminated by extensive reference to orl histories, popular magazines and personal memoirs, Ais centre, though, isthe way thst our homes have reflected wider social changes. There is the decline of 410 CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS READIN formality, so that living rooms once full of heavy furniture and Vietorian -kniclekmacks are now dominated by ‘television sereens and littered with childven’s toys. There is a growing internationalism in taste, And there is the rise of domestic democracy, with the household radiogram and ‘telephone (located in the hall) now replaced by iPads, laptops and ‘mobiles in virtually every room. Key ‘to that decentralization of the home ~ and the implied shift of power within it is the advent of central heating, which gets pride of place ‘as the innovation that allowed the ‘hole house to become accessible at all times of day and night. Telling an ‘unruly child to ‘go to your room’ no Touger seems much of a threat, ‘Highmore also documents, hhowever, some less successful steps in the onward march of domestic ‘machinery. Whatever happened ‘tp the gas-powered fridges we were promised in 1946? Or to the Dishmaster a decade later that promised to do'a whole day's ‘washing up in just three minutes’? Rather more clear isthe reason why 1902 Teasmade failed to catch on: ‘when the alam clock triggered the switch, a match was struck, lighting a spirit stove under the kettle’. You don't have to be a health and safety fanatic to conclude that @ bedroom jsn’t the ideal place for such a gadget. Equally disturbing to the modern reader is the pre-war obsession with children getting fresh ar, twas a belief so entrenched that even a voice of dissent merely argued that in winter, ‘The healthy child only needs about three hours a day in the ‘open air, as long asthe day and night nursery windows are always open.” Nowadays, the fresh air obsession has ‘been replaced by irrational fears of horrors outside the home. It's easier ‘o laugh at the foibles ofthe past, and Highmore doesn't always resist a -sense of modem superiority, though, for the most part, e's an engaging and quirky guide, dispensing sociological insights without jargon. ‘The message is that even the language ofthe home has changed irrevocably: airing cupboards are soing the same way as drawing rooms, As for that Billy Williams song, ‘By the 1980s’, Highmore writes, ‘it would be impossible for ‘anyone to imagine ther front room 2s 2 “parlour” without seeming deeply ‘old-fashioned.’ He's not entirely correct, for there was at least one pperson who was still employing such terminology. Prime Minister Margaret ‘Thatcher sold her message with the use of what she called ‘the parables of the parlour’, which suggests she understood the truth that, despite the catalogue of changes, there is a core that seems consistent, A 1946 edition of Housewife magazine spelt ‘tout: ‘men make houses, women ‘make homes’. When you watch & sale comedian today doing a routine about his wife's attachment to scatter cashions, it seems worth asking: has the family dynamic really moved a seat deal?”q | | 1 -——————— 31 The reviewer's main topic in the first paragraph is A improvements in home decorating skils B how common it was for home decorating to be discussed. how unfair descriptions of home decorating used to be D_ a change in attitudes to home decorating. CH 32 In the second paragraph, the reviewer says that the book includes evidence illustrating A that some British people's homes were transformed more than others. 8 the widespread nature of changes that took place in British homes. C the perceived disadvantages of certain developments in British homes. D that the roles of certain people in British homes changed enormously. 33 In the third paragraph, the reviewer points to a change in ‘A. the extent to which different parts of the house are occupied. 8 ideas of which parts of a house should be furnished in a formal way. how much time children spend in their own rooms. D_ beliefs about what the most pleasant aspect of home life is. 34 The reviewer suggests in the fourth paragraph that ‘A. most unsuccessful inventions failed because they were dangerous various unsuccessful inventions filed because they did not work propery. C some unsuccessful inventions were not advertised appropriately there were unsuccessful inventions which might have been good ideas. 35 In the fifth paragraph, the reviewer says that in his book, Highmore ‘A. sometimes focuses on strange ideas that were not very common in the past. & occasionally applies the standards of today to practices inthe past. occasionally expresses regret about how some attitudes have changed. sometimes includes topics that are not directly relevant to the main topic. 36 In the final paragraph, the reviewer suggests that Highmore may be wrong about A. when certain modem attitudes to home life first developed. 5B which changes in home life in Britain have been most widely welcomed, the extent to which home life in Britain has changed. D_ how common terms such as ‘airing cupboards’ are in modern Britain. ‘CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS READING AND USE OFENGLISH 14 Ce TASaLTESTA PART 6 You are going to read four reviews of a documentary series on TV about large companies. For questions 37-40, choose from the reviews -D. The reviews may be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Inside Business Four reviewers comment on the TV documentary series Inside Business, which investigated the workings of a number of large companies nature oftheir business and the way they operated, but between them they demonstrated many of the key features that characterize big organizations in the modem world. Each programme focused mostly on the people at the top. The amount of jargon they used is likely to have been too much for many viewers to contend with, and they may well have given up. If they did stick with the series, however, they will have been left in no doubt as to how complex the business of running large organizations is for those charged with doing so. This was clear from what the interviewees said, but | the questioning was not probing enough, and they were not asked to explain or justify the sweeping statements they made. B ‘The overwhelming impression given to any viewer who watched all six episodes of Inside Business was of the extraordinary pressure that those running modern companies are obliged to operate under, Unless they themselves had experience of working in large companies, however, they ae likely to have found some of the interviews bewildering - ‘the questioning was very much of the ‘one insider to another’ variety and many viewers will have struggled to follow hat was being discussed, This aspect detracted somewhat from what was an otherwise compelling insight into the ‘workings of modern companies and may well have caused many viewers to change channels. That's a shame because in | general the companies featured in the series illustrated very well the impact of modern management theories on a range of large organizations. | A ‘The companies that were the focus of ezch programme in the series Inside Business were very diverse in terms of the | | i ‘You didn’t need to know anything about business to be fascinated by the series Inside Business, which gave an. | intriguing picture from the inside of how various household name companies actuslly operate. The companies chosen ‘made for good television because they all had very individual cultures and ways of operating, and as such could not I bbe said to typify the norm in the world of the modern company. Entertaining as this was, the portrayal of the firms ‘begged all sorts of questions which were not touched on in the interviews, These gave the people in charge a very easy ride indeed, never challenging them to back up their often vague and contentious pronouncements on their approach to leadership. Indeed, the viewer will have been left with the surprising feeling that many large and apparently ‘successful organizations are run by people who enjoy their roles enormously because they avoid the harder aspects of responsibilty by delegating them to others. D ‘The series Inside Business took a serious look at day-to-day life in a modern large company and it wasn't for the casual viewer. The series required some effort to get to grips with the issues covered, in particular in the interviews, which were not really accessible to the ay person and were instead conducted as one expert to another. Having said that, the viewer ‘who did put the effort in was rewarded with an absorbing insight into the workings of these well-known fimms. They hhad each been carefully chosen to be representative of how large companies are structured and function at present, and ‘they had much in common with each other. The main message put across was how adept those in charge have to be in adapting to a constantly changing business world 12, CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS SEADING AND USE OF ENGLISH EeWhich reviewer has a different opinion from the others on the choice of companies to focus on in the series? shares reviewer Bs opinion of the liklIhood of viewers losing interest n the series after awhile? [EE takes a different view from the others on the impression given in the series of what itis like to be at the top of a large organization? fas a similar view to reviewer Can the questions asked inthe interviews inthe series? Cs ‘CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS READING ANID USE OFENGLISH 3 TusalTEST 1 PART You are going to read a newspaper article about a ship carrying goods across the Atlantic ocean, Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A~C. the one which fits each gap (41-45). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. ‘Mark your answers on the separate ans The wind-lashed workers who battle the Atlantic in winter Even at this stormy time of yea Britain, there are thousands of oil workers and fishermen offshore, as well as a scattering of seafarers ‘manning the container ships and tankers that bring us almost everything we need. So it was that in the depths of bitter winter, hoping to learn what modern sailors' lives are like, I joined the Maersk Pembroke, a container freighter, on her regular run from Europe to Montreal. She looked so dreadful when T found her in ‘Antwerp that I hoped I had the wrong ship. | ‘Trade between Europe and North America is a footnote to the great west-east and north-south runs: companies leave it to older vessels. Pembroke is battered and rusty, reeking of diesel and fishy chemicals. She is noisy, her bridge and stairwells patrolled by whistling drafts which rise to hhowls at sea. Her paintwork is ‘wretched. The Atlantic has stripped her bow back to a rusted steel snarl ee It felt like a desperate enterprise ‘on a winter night, as the tide raced us down the Scheldt estuary and spat us out into the North Sea. ‘ull. But even then, an ordinary ‘According to the weather satellites, day involved unpleasant jobs ‘the Atlantic was storms from coast _ in extreme conditions. I joined ‘to coast, two systems meeting in _a welding party that descended the middle of our course. On the to the hold: dripping, tilting far side, ice awaited. We were cathedral composed of vast tanks behind schedule, the captain of toxins and organophosphates, desperate for speed. ‘Six-metre _ where a rusted hatch cover defied ‘waves are OK; any bigger you have a cheap grinder blade in a fountain ‘to slow down or you kill your ship; of sparks. As we continued west, he said. “Maybe we'll be lucky!” the wind thickened with sleet, then a ee Soon enough wewerein te AL] ‘midst of those feared storms. AA was well in that regard and, nightmare in darkness, a north _after the storms, we were relieved Atlantic storm is like a wild dream to enter the St Lawrence River. by day, a region of racing elements The ice was not thick enough to and livid colour, bursting turquoise hinder us; we passed Quebec City foam, violent sunlight, and in a glittering blue dawn and darkening magenta waves. There is _ made Montreal after sunset, its lite you can do once committed. downtown towers rising out of the ‘except lash everything down and tundra night. Huge trucks came for enjoy what sleep you can before it our containers. becomes impossible. Pembroke is more than 200m long and weighs EX] more than 38,000 tons, but the swells threw her about like a tin But without them and their combined defiance of the elements ta there could be nothing like what _} we eal ie’ at all, Seafarers are not sentimental, but some are quite ‘When they hit us squarely, the romantic. They would like to think whole ship reared, groaning and we thought of them, particularly. staggering, shuddered by shocking when the forecast says storms at force, We plunged and tottered sea. for three days before there was a 14 CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS A=ADING AIND USE OF ENGLISH—— Others felt the same. We were ‘the only idiots out here’, as several men remarked. We felt our isolation ike ‘vulnerability: proof that we had chosen obscure, quixotic ves. Going out on deck in such conditions ‘tempted death, Nevertheless, the ship's electrician climbed a ladder out there every four hours to check that the mil, cheese and well-travelled Argentine beef we carried were still frozen in refrigerated containers. But it does not take long to develop affection for a ship, even the Pembroke =the time it takes her to carry you beyond swimming distance from land, in fact. When | learnt what was waiting for Us mid-ocean | became her ardent fan, despite all those deficiencies. There were Dutch bulbs, seaweed fertilizer from Tanzania, iranian dates for Colombia, SriLankan tea bags, Polish Glue, Hungarian tyres, Indian seeds, and ‘much besides. The sailors are not told what they carry. They just keep the ships going, ‘CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS. READIN Hoping so, we slipped down-Channel in darkness, with the Dover coastguard wishing us, ‘Good watch, and a safe passage to your destination: The following evening we left the light of Bishop Rock on the Scilly Isles behind. “When we see that again we know we're home, said the second mate, F Huge black monsters marched at us ‘out of the north west, striped with wiite streaks of foam running out of the winds mouth, The ocean moved inall directions at once and the waves became enormous, charging giants of liquid emerald, each demanding its own reckoning. © That feeling must have been obvious to the captain. ‘She's been all over the world’ proud Captain Koop, a ‘grey-bristled Dutchman, as quick and confident as a Master Mariner must be, told me. ‘She was designed for the South Pacific, he said, wistfully AND USE OF ENGL! =TESTE PART 8 You are going to read an article about Some children. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the article (A~£). The sections may be chosen more than once. When more than ‘one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. In which section of the article are the following mentioned? ‘an example ofa sign that has become simpler the difference between how the deaf children communicate an image and how other people communicate the same image the fact that the same signs can be used in the communication of a number of ideas the characteristics of languages in general at different stages of their development. a belief that language is learnt by means of a specific part of the mind. an aspect of language learning that children are particularly good at how regularly the children have been monitored CB Cs Ca Ca Ca Ca a ‘older children passing their sign language on to younger children the reason why the children created a particular sign ‘opposing views on how people acquire language Ca 6 CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS READING AND USE OF ENGLISH| DEAF CHILDREN’S AD HOC LANGUAGE EVOLVES AND INSTRUCTS ‘A A deep insight into the way the ‘They sgn a ctcle forthe rolling _—_point was nota complex language brain leams language has emerged motion and then a straight line for __but ordinary gestures. From this ‘om the study of Nicaraguan the direction of movement. This raw material, the deaf children sign language, iavented by deat requires more signing, but the wo appear to be spontaneously children in a Nicaraguan school es signs can be used in combination ‘fabricating the elements of a means of communicating among with others to express different language. ‘themselves. The Nicaraguan concepts. The development is __D___Linguists have been engaged children are welLknown to of interest to linguists because ina longstanding argument as linguists because they provide it captures a principal quality to whether there is an innate, ‘em apparently unique example of human language - discrete specialized neural machinery of people inventing a language clements usable in different for learning language, as fom seratch, The phenomenon combinations ~ in contast tothe proposed by Noam Chomsky of| started ata schoo! for special one sound, one meaning of animal _the Massachusetts Institute of| ‘education founded in 1977. communication. ‘The regularity ‘Technology, or whether everything Instructors noticed thatthe dest she documents here - mapping is learned ftom scratch. Ds. children, while absorbing ite diserete aspects of the world onto __Senghas says her finding supports from their Spanish lessons, had discrete word choices - is one of ‘the view that language learning developed a system of signs for ‘the most distinctive properties of is innate, not purely cultural, ‘talking to one another. As one ‘human language, said Dr. Steven since the Nicaraguan children's generation of children taught the Pinker, cognitive scientist at isaggregation of gestures appears system to the next, it evolved Harvard University. to be spontaneous. Her result also from a set of gestures into a C When people with no common upholds the idea that children play far more sophisticated form of language are thrown into contact, an important part in converting communication, and today's 800 they often develop an ad hoc a pidgin into a creole. Because users of the language provide language known to linguists as a children’s minds are primed to a living history ofthe stages of pidgin language, usually derived Learn the rules of grammar, it formation. from one of the parent languages. is thought, they spontaneously B Thechildren have been studied _‘Pidgins are rudimentary systems impose grammatical structure on principally by Dr. Judy Kei, ‘with minimal grammar and pidgin that doesn't have one. ‘a linguist at the University of utterances, But in a generation or The Nicaraguan children are Southem Maine, and Dr. Ann ‘othe pidgins acquire grammar __aliving laboratory of language ‘Senghas a cognitive scientist and become upgraded to what ‘generation, Dr. Senghas, who has ‘at Columbia University in New linguists call recs. Though many been visting their school every York City. Inthe latest study, new languages have been created _year since 1990, said she had published in Science magazine, Dr. by the pidgin-reole route, the noticed how the signs for numbers Senghas shows that the younger Nicaraguan situation is unigue, Dr. have developed. Originally the children have now decomposed Senghas said, because its starting children represented 20’ by certain gestures into flicking the Angers ofboth ‘smaller component signs. hhands in the ai twice. But Ahearing person asked this cumbersome sign has to mime a standard story been replaoed with a form about a cat wadding down that can now be signed with street will make a single gesture, a downward spiral ‘motion of the hand, But ‘the deaf children have developed two different signs to use in its place. cone hand. The children don't care that the new sign doesn’t look like @ 20, Dr. ‘Senghas said; they just want ‘a symbol that can be signed fast. ‘CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED PRACTICE TESTS READING AND USE OFENGLISH 47 TLsal