Shafaq Amjad
34 (Morning)
Name : Ms.c 4th (zoology)
Roll no. :
Insect and human
Class's:
Dr. Amjad Farooq
Assignment topic :
shb.
Submitted to :
Shafaq Amjad
Submitted by:
Human and Insects
Human relationship with insect
• Relationship between insect and human is quite
complex because it fits into three categories of a
biotic relationship.
• This association can be of three type:
1. Parasitism
2. Commensalism
3. Mutualism
• People decided to take action to either combat or
encourage insect in the world.
Example
• For example if insect become pest human seek
to eliminate the insect from its area.e.g locust
• But in case of bug as it helps in controlling the
population of another pest human will promote
the bug population as natural enemies of pest.
Types of interaction between
insects and human
• Human interaction with insect are of two
different types:
• Positive interaction
• Negative interaction
Positive interaction
• Positive interaction have a wide variety of use weather
• practically such as:
1. Food
2. Textiles
3. Dyestuf
• Or symbolic such as
1. Arts
2. Music and literature
Negative interaction
• It includes :
• Serious damage to crop
• Extensive efforts to eliminate the pest
• The major problem is that the widespread use
of has failed to exterminate any insect pest.
• But has caused resistance to commonly used
chemicals in a thousand insect species
History of insects
• Originated well over 500 million years ago.
• The trilobite fossil are found in the Devonian Period
(about 419-358 million years ago).
• These are considered earliest arthropods.
• Some body parts of insects are very important for
evolutionary perspective such as:
• External skeleton
• Segmented body
• Jointed appendages
Classification of insects
• Insects is the class of phylum arthropods
• It further divided into two subclasses such as:
1. Apterygota
2. Pterygota
Apterygota
(Ametabola)
• This subclass include all insect species those are wingless
or without wings.
• No metamorphosis is present in them.
• It further subdivided into four order.
1. Protura (Telson tails)
2. Diplura (compodeids and
japygids).
3. Collembola (spring tails
and snow fleas)
4. Thysanura
Pterygota
(Metabola)
• The members of this subclass have wings.
• Different kinds of metamorphosis also present
in them.
• This subclass further subdivided into two
superorder.
1. Exopterygota
2. Endopterygota
Exopterygota
(Hemimetabola)
• In the species of this superorder wings are develope
externally during larval growth.
• Larval stage are resembles more to the adult species.
Incomplete metamorphosis is present.
• This superorder further subdivided into eight order these
are following:
1. Ephemeroptera (many
flies are belong to this order).
2. Odonata
(dragon flies and damsel flies)
3. Orthoptera. (Grasshopper,
locusts crickets and mole crickets)
4. Dictyoptera (Mantids
and cockroaches)
5. Phasmid. (leaf
insects and stick insects)
6. Plecoptera (stone
flies and salmon flies)
7. Isoptera (termites)
• 8. Zoraptera
(zoratypus)
Endopterygota
(Holometabolic)
• Wings develop internally during larval growth.
• Complete metamorphosis is present in them.
• Larval stages are completely different from the
adult .
• Four are more immature stages are present.
Order of Endopterygota
• Nine order of Endopterygota are present these are
following:
1. Neuroptera (ant
lionsğ ğ ğ and lacewings).
2. Coleoptera (Beetles and
weevils).
3. Strepsiptera. (stylopid)
4. Mecoptera (scorpions
and flies)
5. Tricoptera (
caddis flies)
6. Lepidoptera (butterflies
and moths)
7. Hymenoptera (beesĠ Ġ ,ant
ğ ğ and wasps)
8. Diptera. (true
flies and mosquito)
9. Siphonaptera (fleas)
Insect impact on
human
• Two type of impact insect have on human.
1. Harmful effects
2. Beneficial effect
Harmful impact on human
1. Irritation.
Insect bites generally have a couple of harmful
effects such a: 1. Irritation
2. Swelling
3. Pain Sometimes.
come from bites by certain insect. The location
become red at the point where insect bite such
as mosquito fleas etc.
2. Environmental impact
Indirect harmful effect is the use of pesticides and
chemical to kill pest also have negative effect on the
human that are working at the point where these are
applied.
3. Crop damaging impact
Every year alot of crop is wasted just because of
insects all over the world. Each year human face
starvation due to loss of 1/3 crop just because of
insects.
4. Building destruction
Termites destroy the woods by eating the wood fiber
that destroy the building. This weakened the building materials.
5. Storage Grain.
Insect badly effect the storage grain. As the feed upon the
grain and ruin the whole stock.
6. Decay
Insect also increase the decaying process of wood, food and
animals.
Medical impact
• Transmission of diseases
Insect are also responsible for the transmission of
horrible disease to human such as:
1. Malaria
2. Pleague
3. Dengue fever
4. Irritation
5. Annoyance
Beneficial Effect
• In spite of the harmful effects insect are also
have many positive impact on human beings
some of these are describe below:
1. Pollination
Insec play important roles on plantation as
the are the best pollinator the fall pollen
grains at far away place as it stuck to their
wings and legs.
2. Symbolic use
In different part of world insect are use
as symbols in arts, music and literature.
That's the reason insects are also consider
environmental friendly and source of enjoyment.
3. Food source
Insects are also use as source of foods all
over the world as it is rich source of protein and
carbohydrates essential vitamins also obtain
from the insect.
4. Honey
Honey bee provide us with the honey that is
also have alot of importance as medical as well
as economical. Honey also use in the formation
of useful products in industry.
5. Silk
Silk worm produce silk that is use for the silk
cloth formation but now a days silk produce
artificial but it is not of good quality as the silk is
produced by the silk worm in old time.
6. Medical importance
In medical point of view alot of chemical
are obtained from the insect that help to cure the
disease. Insect also have importance in medical
field in spite of transmitting horrible diseases.
7. Research purposes
Insect also use in laboratory in different
kinds of research purposes such as fruit fly is
use in laboratory for genetics studies same like
that it use for the development of genetic map.
Life Cycle
• Two type of life cycle present in insect.
1. Some insect have more than four stages of life
cycle :
Egg-larva-pupa- nymph- adult
2. Some insect have three stages of life cycle
after that they changed into adult.
• Egg-larva-pupa-adult
Human impact on
insect
• Human activity such as:
1. Deforestation
2. Fragmentation
3. Over- exploration
4. Monoculture
are main drivers of tropical forest biodiversity
loss.
• Species diversity will be able to minimize any
impact of human activities at early stages in a
certain regions but as the activities progress
the species lost become rise.
Example
• The number of lower taxa in the disturbed
forest(Agathis forest and transition area) within
ranges 20-50 and 10-20% also rapidly eliminate
due to human beings.
• Habitat lost due to human activities such as:
1. Illegal logging
2. Change of land
3. Land clearing
Are the main threats to decrease
micro-moth diversity and change their structure
within communities.
As man change the agricultural land to the
industrial land alot of land Insects population
has been reduced alot of peculiar species
extinct due to human beings.