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Module-2 Basic Electronics

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26 views46 pages

Module-2 Basic Electronics

Uploaded by

shilpa
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Module -3 Bepolsd functton “Tronsh tos Trongister fp a heer. Hoyer, thier terminal Seamnfconductor oledree. Tt Can ba uged fot Neobioge ag pil of Corrant amplifecation, A Bmodh Current ok Ye Cerrtyoul ‘tTegfor derminal lontrols The mush dodger otal current few raxough the Conleee athe Oumplifreation in th trospister re achiewedk by paseing- Prput current gignol oo Fegton leo ‘reatatance. to a vegton oF Ligh resistance thence. He name Transfer — re&is ~ +o (tiorgister) . BT's ode % THO types - J. NeP-N @. PeN-P A function Lyanstptos 6 Btenply a Bandwtch & one *YPE R Bemfcondiuctor molercal bh two Soyer Sf Hee oppaptte. type. Colles | cca Lele col L8t Feat X\ te | AL B g —> the middle Tegton & Each +tranpister % (5 colled ha base the AON Botoy , rhe region fp Ney thin 4 Wahl, oped. — the tamatning WO Teg fons Ad Called Emitks & collector, —> th emitter & collector ate heonlt ly, Aopeg but thee cloptry. level. &n Emfttey mm Alig, Greate Yom. thot & Collector, > The Collector regton —aren fp Altprtly mon Pros) Woot % exnither > Brow head on a -hansistor sgmbok Pnodita the Conlertiional Current yor . A dranststor has +o pon junction I, one Junctton fa Sf tha. “emftter & th bose & 7 CoUed Erion —bage function, 2, the OfaK Junction ta Ey) tha Lope & tha Collector and fb Caled colleedor— dbase Junctions . NPN Trarpister operation funda cn Be EN aia Oa boned Vv eoltrre Parser vq Teckiach > th base to emttter functfon fp porvoond braped by ta dic fowce “BE bigs rloltoge pource » Ths Yaa widlih & dlpletion repfon at tis Junction is mall, =? The collector to bose fanctfon TA reNeype biabest & hance tra pofotth & ‘depletion ‘apioy ot thin porction tp lage ap shown in Ae, > the forward” bias? ot Yh BE funcifon Capes Electrons -to je" pon n-type Eanttter to , do Prtype bape. Henke consttiutas eriitter current Te, > the slectrons ave emitted Inte Me bape wegion hente. He nome emitter. Thise Electro tench ato Combine wtth hobs fn poregion. —? Duk to Legh aloping,, Very ~~ & toa glectrors — injectest Pte the Bae ernie: emitter Tecombine with helos to Constitute bope Cutrent ‘Tp, 7 Remaining lovrae number oe Zlectrons Cros tho bape vegton & mone trough re Collects Weston to tha Popttive terminat Sia Erthiire Die Fowdees this conatftukes collector current 'T.? > the tanflter cusrert ft Ausmmoation F bose Current & collector current , Te= Iptle Almost olL The Aechops currant flow crags BE Junction Consists mR Electrons - Thus Electrons OK majerrly carriers fr an npn device. PNP Transistor Operation. ~> the bope to emitter function is jomark btopeh & Collester to bye Junction 'é senerpe beaped by tha Seas oUages 4 ap Arown In fg, ~ the forward. brogect EB function Coupes The hous fn te. P-type emittey to plows borusards Yee bape this consti he embtex Current Ip, > As thse hele Zlow urough the n-type bape, tend +o Combine Wwhh electrons n-vegion , Ap tha base fA Navy then §& Ip Aopest, Nery few Gta hes fnfected fnto the bope from the Yecombine Wh Electrons to Constitu bape Current, Ip | > THe fesros lodge number % helys Cress tre Aepletion TegPon & mole Yidough te. Collector Fag oH to Ha Negative termrnol % Hho external De source . tees consttrotin Colle ~tor Coment: Te, 7 In pnp rompistey, Me embtter current ip Armmoation & base current & Collector current + Te= Tet Le 7 Atenope ah The bodes cucrent jlow Acrops BE function Consists F holes. thup Hole are ro mogoriby, carrteys fn PNP. trarpigtor. BIT \ottag a & currents Tronstor Nollagey t Fi, phoms tha tesmtnal Notlage® 4 rt porbrrtyies eam npn transistor, - > The Nottage bin babe & Emitter 6 candles O% Noe. for Voc 1 be TA Postetve than emiite: > the Voltage bin tra collector & tha. Emitter iS denotes as Vee & the Nobtoge bf the Collector & thea bye f% Aanotest 9 View. Stnce Collecto? FS poptteve With vespect to bope ‘ ? Fre &) Shows the npn franpisoo ith Nethope fouwrce connecttors . => tha boge Supply Voltage Now "5 Connect, Alia reptstor Ro, % tha collector supply Wb Nec tp Lonnected Aiea vesistor Ac, supply, Netloge New 1A ron Boppy Weblege Nox. -~41¢ : No _ bs + Nee ao Pp + woe , |F Neer] Sh Pre terminal etoge polonitia Netto BOuAe Comrmectfor, ‘ ” " for pnp trompiston Tronsptor currents The Nostoys curves Component thot glow Within the shransistor ip on Mow m ip: The curtent flowing inte te — em@ttey terminal fp vegerreal Os emftter current 4 rdonttpted Og “Te . Bose Cuvrant Te & collectot Cusvent Te de ogo phon @h condlenttonal Cutvent olivectin, goth Te & Te flow out % the cbfrecttad tYansps tor Pil te flows mntn te torgtstoy , ~ Te= Ict Ig, Almost oth % Je Choppes to the Collector , & ony a Small Portions flows out &% the bofe terminal - Typically. 46-1. eS. & Te lows —Gvopb the colle ctsl-loae- Junction te become. tre Collects cutrvent, TerLgc Te whore oldc- Emitter te collectot curser Jatn , (0) (the fotio & collector curtent te emilher Cuddent fee olde = EE te Because the c@ function i PeNewBe_bioged A Nery Amall weverpe Aotwatten (Tego) flonys QS’ the Junctton [Tego Collector +o bape. leakage, current) since ft ep Amalt, con be neglected . Substitute Te in Ie , = to > a [se+28] Tes Te. Lact Te: ge. \lecto¥ Current fot, Pac tp he bope to © current to bose Curren [othe matin of collector oe. Pac = Es 5 Relation bin x &P Tee IgttTe + both fides ty Te Te - Opt Xe <= Le a [<*&. Pee) & (itp) = P e+ op p oo = p-“p <= p(i-4) Problems |. cokculcte te & Ie for a cfrorptster that hos dle = 0-48 %& Ty>loodA . Algo Aatesenine the Niodlic oF Pac Of te Hranpiator So = 0.98 “ac Tee Xde Te 0.984 loons? Ig = |ooHA | dle 7s ee = 7. 7 Pac 29 1-9-8 > A. AKI? Joo Alo |fac> 44] ee aed TE Te PS meopured 9. Codckete ap ima, & Te tA asa. Algo detimine x men bape cuiteat 7d gine Ip +SmA. » Sel? - x Pac = © lac =9. Ty Bac =9 = |% to3 asxic® Ie = ima Tp =as7ha Puc = Ao Ta=7 for te-smA Le+ IetIc = asyio ea 1162 kac= Le de Ig = Ie = 1XC 33 | Pe [03s %l6” : 2 SKIeF Ao fark Arholrztwkion Current amplrstcottion on) vucas Pac = tec Tp It i the Current qakn from bope to collectet A Smosh change Pry ro bope current (Arg) Produsces OW large chonge Pa Collector curreng Ate & O lodge emfttey curverrt chonge (Are), Pale = Axe. ALp tho. Pneveaging & dacreaping- levels & output currents Moy be Aapinedt a Input altarnoting gues : . . he. obtrmoting goin Given &4_ = Te Por 7 A By. - Atte(noding curtrantt JX + — Ac Collectot current t, — Ac bope curtert . tin & tech a4 The “ac current gain %e alps dan \atioge Amplification (yay —__ AE Assume thot ta tronststot fod Byc= So & de ON dc Nettoge Source Va" formary dhe Harpistor base ~ Emitter Junctfor, An Ac Aignok ounce (Vi) Pn Aerie, El prowicls a +t aomv Pnput ‘Voltage The trongtpte collector Connecteal +o « SON OG \ottoge collecto? eAaratoy . Assume, 01#V level % Nia Prockuces a got bape current . Ic = Pac Te = S0X 20/4 Apply KNL for out loop, Nec — Te Ry “Ne = © brass Aource Nee Mia lake Ne = Nee -ZeR : = RO — (14167 % lax ic?) Ve= BN He Neh Te levels ate a Brown tn fp, 2 ONEe 0, He drompBbT coll oltoge ; ectoy Vv Yemolrs ok 3N. Tp Nr comer a bape Voltoge Yartation (Ave) 4 Faomv , the bose cinvrent> charg by 4 SHAR — : ad ATc>, Pac’ ATg Pac ¢ Ak 7 e SoxtsMA ves AT = tasar*pA ATo COMA EA OW chonge PA the Nottoge crop acters Rr, Ae Ae = + sort A IB Kn ANe = t3v the chreutt «ac input tp tre bape yertoge, change (Ave) 4 the ac output } the Collector —Veltoge change (ANe), Becanss 7 grea “hon PIP, * TAL clraté hg jhe OlP \etkoge gain . , riotiage gotn [Av] TA the vaio og igtiage to TIP Nottege ° fae ANe - £3N ANVe + 20mv y= ISO the fnereogirg- docwanpirg lees \ettoge Con 6% veferrer as Ar qpraritibies - | Ay = Ne : “i Common — bose chodactertattes Fig, Shows tha commen base Confépwat! ” As shown in 7%) Pn this Congeguraction input is applrect bin emitter & Lase & ofp ps token from he collectot % boge . Heve base othe. Apter tha cut-fn slottage (Normelly AN dot Selieon & O.3N for Gevmaniusn), tha Erntfer current (Te) Pneveapes yop tly. Ath Srmoth tncveope tn Sarita bose Neltage (Ves). Thuy, the fnput veArMance tw Nery Srrolt, 7aitts obpeywedk thot Hhohe 1 Altght Increape wn emitted current (re) with increase im New, dus charge in tho width % tha daptetion cegion or. too bape vegron vo law tho Yenerpe brapek conclition . Output [Link] thas Ph Wrent—> (/LE23ma 5 J SLE = £ ‘ € =e mA ¥ ; =e ‘ t€24mA 39 / _/1ez9 : —_|—_> —- (aa 2 = Vee Ss S$ lo 1 ° > of Collector - bape \telkose meq ion > Tt fH He lune Plotted bin collector Currey Te & collector be Voltage ke at Comp ony EmPetey current Ze, —p the Collector Curfent f/% Jaken atone Yang, & collector - bose \lobtage atong. X- ants « Feq, shows & o/p chostoctetpttce of tranpfater “fy common — bape congiguraction , — > the 0)p chovacterattes hag “hseo baste Vegion, |. Actile reaton J. Cut -off Tegron 3, Saturation Yagton . = For the operation fr tha active tegton , Ye Emiftcr bose function ts forrard blafeck yohtote — collectoy bogpe function ff veNerBe. bfosed, — In thy tegton, collector Current T. 6 Opprsx “moth, eqpol to re tromptstoy Novks gf on arnpli-fier —~ In +e region , the Collector Custent rs Spent akrnopt constant » TS tke CLrnonrule Olp TeAtxtance ffs the vatio gf Charge fn Collector bare Mottage (ANcg) to we Vepulding Chonge fr collector Current (Are) of Conptard ence, Curvent Le , Roe ANco, Ae Tex Comtoant . Socurodn _ Yegton Tn Hin Tegton , the emibls bape Junction x collector bake Junction both are Jorma piopeds Te PA [Link] o Ly, , cuke Of f Tegtor . as yegion below tha curve qe20 cut-off Teaton, hha the collector & the Collector — 24-2 npiator Fe known Of current meoct lay Zero & emitlr Lope functions 5 Q +r. yernerpe biopek. commons - Emitter chaoracker itp TA thin Conftgudation mnput TA appliecR bin bape @mitha f output fp taken from collector Y erillinr Heda, Errtler “tha ~broangistey ip Wommon to both input & output cweits F hence. thea name Common EMmiUler comppigurcttion common Emile cov pigurcions for both pn & pnp rrampisteys Fe as shown in wa, ° 2» O38 Oy oS oF OF Y Nee > > the tnput Nottoge tn the ce confé ity Tp the base Emithr Nelinge & -the ofp voles tp the Collector~ emitter Nettage, the fnput cusront [8 Te $ the jp tusant & Te, — Input choraclintres fp the Curve between Input ettioge Noe % Cnput tuvrent 2 at constant Collector ~ emitter Voltage Nee, —? the bope current fs Jaren Oterg Ym ati bk bope Smitler NieUage FD tedten atong- Xo Onis, ==) ¥¥4. Bows tHe Pnput chadaderistes % OQ Aronaistor fn Common emir Con pay uration —? After the Cut~fn Nottage, “the. boge_cunrent Increases Yoptolly. jth moll tnerase bose ~ emriSTa Nictboge > the input veAtetonce x the ‘rostto 5 Cherie in boge émitla \lottage (Avec) to the rgaulh wing change fn bape curvent (Are) at Comstart collector emiths Yely 32 Vt > ANee “ Ate | Veen contort, 7 Boge Cufrent Ip, i veduceh When Poor NVce levels Ore employed. his fs hecause hegher Noe Prooluces greater dap let, region Penetration iris th. base, putput chadactercst ts cma) Toe> Soh n _— T £ Tahoe Tt sas ° Tes AoA ___— ! > pereokdlouon Tos loMA Oo > YY -6 .-8 lo “2 IY “at 2 Nee —7 > output charactrcntcs FS the Uae Letiseer ste Collectoy current Le and collector - emits, obbage Mee , for aANakfoud Piva Value & % Te > sth Collecto¥ current Ice fA taken ak Wo awr & Collector — Emitter Voltage £8 “toxer along %—onlis . > feq. Shows He |p characteris ties oO Hoorpistes fn Common errithR Cong guration 7 Ip te egtarned Conbtard ot Senevol levelp, Nee fA odlfusteol in Step be fhe. Te lenel ot toch Vee Step , >For Each To let, Te TA Pletiecl Versys Nee. fp gecort bok 7 Ig Nee ExCeads OA Maximum Sofe lenet Te fncreapys rcopiddy & the dance may be destroyed . ; Curent gatn chorea tte a common Emitter Cuurtert gale chotactertstrs ode pltctted lp Uo te Nersus t/p curfent Ter for a NlosrPous pred lenelp Nee. : ery 6 BES Wr) Common collector chorachristts In ths Config wrackion, the Collector terminal f Common te both Fnput and outpe, The outpat — & current gain Choro tin we. | Op Bhown fn fp | _ Taro ug a Te 2 SOAK ~ Testo, © Ler30HA Te = aH ——— TarloHA Te-o0 Zo 42 ap O 1 So < IB 2 4M 6 8 10 12> ' Nec OND Output chodacterixttss > tt BB the tune Plotteck bln the ouckput \reltoge Vcc MevBua O/p Unvtent TE fer a severat ae Ntatuad § ee . the tommon- Collectsy Input characteristtes aXe of Rhown fn tt: ow) toe 8 Rk § lw Nec —? PI quike fyourct m other Congigutats \ Chobodestnttts » thas ip betause dhe Tp Neltrge Voc fp dargety etrrrntrut oy te Nec lever. ~ ENCeesp 4 the [Mek & Fp Nektoge Vgc with Ver hedd lonbtant , veducep the lene % Vee b trop veduces rg por Biytny In order to opevare transttey ry the dostred fegton , we ae db app ly Sti, \otkoges & cofvect polarity % magnitide tp the Junctions % tho hang istor, Thin Proceys TE known ap taping & tha. thranstites , When the trandistor fs broped for Cettetn current & Voltage condiittorys for the rangistet , Thope conclitfons 2 known aA Operating londitions oy Dc Operating point or awtescenrt potat . the operoting —potrit Pigs with Charges fn reampistoY parameters buch op P, Teo, Nee AS the t¥amistey Porfoome-tags ove. temperotive dependent , the operating Pofrtt also \ioxries WE charge fr empesatite , DC hood dfna % bias petnt Tt 0 Stmaght [the Aron On the trompiptor output chadactatintios. Corpidak a Common ~ Emittix Ciytuét shown i Fy: mae na + (7 ae mis _ Nec -b The dvanpiator th bfopeck = Buch “thet emitta. —bope Junction fp lela broged g whe Collector bape function ~weverpe bfoped , Apply. KNL fot collector Ctruit, Meg — Te te 7 Nee =© Nee = Nee - Icke xp the bape tmitta Noltage Nee) yore, tae “romptntor tb net conducting 5 Teed: ‘substinda the Nolung of Nee 5 Fe Nee 2 2ON - Ox lok Plat petrt A on the Common ~ Emitter chadoctertetty ot T= & Nee=aov. thir is one Point on the ole look Hine. Appume Ou collecto¥ cuyvvent & &mA , Ye Tee aM, “Nee = aov - (amxtox) Plot petnt Gon the Commnon= emda Chadectertptrws ak Neeson , Ter ama, he Srrotght lene Aawn Jysough Point A 4 Point © fe we DE hook Line for Rea lok Ua eco = ON = Vee —_ Re = lake ¥ Drow the neo De dood Line aa, ho Te Nepys Nee TO So\": ple wey P ~~ =p Nee = Vee - Tee phon Te=O- aay (ox nex) Nee = Q0N =atov | ok point A, Toco, Nee han Nee =9, O = Nec — Tele Nee = Tele Tc = Nee - ao 2 ldo. Re 12x10% Ot Pelmt B, Nee =o | de = lta 03 ge doo Lene ° 4 Bow Ig te (NV) 5 \icE > De_bfop point (s-peint) or opwatirg pelt she operoting potrt Folerctipfes “he 4rongtetoy CollectoT curyent ond Collector ~ Emit Hey Nettoge whan) Here tS 10 Enput Btgral ot tho base 4ermfned, an Yaa Chri ap shown fn Jp the btoa Con dtfons a — petnt on The load ra Compt ama, Vee=tov, Te > YoHs (ie re? ' ee ANE = av" Vce —> Cope 1 oF When te id increased fyom Sony to Hora, Fe becornus op protenecily 45mm, k Nee becom OS. i.e potrt C’ on “Ho. lead Wee Avee = lO O-SN 5 WqQsv, Increosing- Ig by Qos , Causes Veg to dacrenge by Qsn. | Cope a: When to te Teducek from BOA toze Ic hecomes Opprontmattaly oos ma & Nee Jor up te USN. Te, petnt “Bon tro. loack line , | ANce = 1%S — 1OV | = [Link] Decreasing Ie by yrO, Couges Nce PO Increage by asv, & -pein’ tb Selection the. operating potrt Con be Solechad oct howe obpperanit Popttions on trode loa line + Neor soluraction Yagton, Near Uct-off Teq"on oY ob the Cert. the Selection | opesoding potrtt wil depend on tp application . Cope 4% Broping Crit [5 destgned +o fica -pe Ip pofnt ‘ps Very neoy tro +h Sdlirotion Yegton, the Collectoy Current fr Citppeck at the popittve half Cycle. Le distortion ts prepent ok the outpud. +*- point ‘p f& not a puitable Pott - , Nc€=—? © Cliff Cage de Busing Chroust fs op tgneck -to jira Q~ porn ; tp Point py t& neod tr thea qut-off ‘agfon , ho Collecttor current fp Clépprk at the negative halp Cycle. “+ fotnt ‘pr also not futkable opedecting- Poort » de I clipping t \_clippiry NCE > 5 Ged: Biagerg Cet te diligned + fia 8~Potrd ak ff Poor ‘pr ps at fe certhe , He o/p Zfgnal is Ainupotdlah KoNejorm without any. clixtortion . Te: 4 ao 4 Fite fee “Heorpiplot (rer) Tirtroduc Non fen perminas Sent ober, Noltoge - operated, Deities tn ampligters & Srottching Tt a Gonice, T+ fA 2 thot Con be used chrcutts | ; fet tp a unl plod Aonice f-%) Cuddsriy fp Covrtect by only one type q 'chatge partia, eerthor Electrons OF hols . The thor. —terminols 4 PET abe Narre as Ditn ©) , Sourcels> & Godel 4). Cloyyirtestion gy. fer ts Tuncdh . ° on FET (JFET) MosfET i _t— n-channel — p-channneh Depletion Enhontemot JFET TFET MoSFET MoSFET Junction Freldh Speck Trongistors n—- ChanneL J-REt fp Frows tu Btsucline $ Symbol op N-channel JET. ? ° Dratn (D9 Drain|(D dx, YD Sale (2 Source n- charmet JFET eee I > An Natype Sernfcorductey motriol fp token & at Fe to enda , We ohmec. Corttaus are mode , KER One olyotn. & Kowrer— terminols of FET. > the too Pieces % heosltly- olopeok Prbype Bamtconductey aro cormecteh togethay then terminal: Cold ~ geile LG) | f 3 > The region betyeen the too Pp -gots cobloh the ‘channel. Since Pt TS n-type moaltrad, th FET te Known aA n—chommel “RET. > 414 God 1B mot connected, then olarain -Jource Nettoge (Vp) 6 appleed . te drain jd postitve pith respect tp ZOU ¢ a cratn cuurvertt Zp Flows, 7 Ip Goda Ho Source \tettage (Nes) fA appltect with Gale 1 Ve hth respect to pource , tra PN junctions ade eXope biaged., So the depletion Tegions Penetrods oleep In t tho channel, 7, Thos fore Yoo Chamnel & noxrowed , PY Vepistance incresped §& ddowtn Currertt Tp cveases, —e af Negative gate - Source wrottage (Nes) te Preveoped furthar , the clepletion vegtons meat ap Hee Gere op tee channel, & blocks the dain Luster Ip, 7 When Gok source Voltage (va) TS appltecs veapect to AOU with Goda fs postttve with Ha PN funcktorys becomes fornarel bias. Ye dle pletion ‘reg tory qecede , tho chon yeststance patrenped 1 reduced + te hak, Current PrCcveades, Rachannel sR dosage negative gol Adee bios P-channel JFET DOs al P ~ P~charnnas Source ($I Symbot Sourcel $) lee P An Pobype % semeconductor Morin fy te end gto dozen with ophaic. corrtacts corrtocts oe collect Dproin * ols ; . >the two piece of N=ty pe pnotrdot ora cormectrect togethor fotms vhe Gotle. terminal, Phe teston bin acto | No Gy Pe matted CoMedk chonnehs : > When pesrttve Gale b source Vettoge (Nes) i Oppltedt , Bote ~chonmel Junction yeverbe bios) Coupes tae apletion Aegon Penetrose dap eto the channel, thin Pncreapes the Channel rebtptonce. & Aecrveased He Dain current. ~ When Negative Got to Aource vtobtag2 ( Vos’) Gack - channel junction foraarol te applted, bias, Narrows the depletion vegfon , pe JULcps w tha. oon Source —termin tho. channel veardtante § — jncreap curren , SEET_ choracteriatty qe. chooneterstys CNG hone he Electrical behanfouk — | oO TFET. the Fin porteng Choracberint? JeET De doin chabactaist, ancl tromsfer Chavacterts tis , | outpae character / Drain chemcken hs Olp, or Obatn chorockeristts | JPET fs O& plet oF lp cunvert fe daain Current Nexpus Output Voltage fe pratn to souace Nottage Kenping Nac contort 7.@ f)p Nottoge Constant . the Corot for Obtafning ‘ths output Chavacterotta % as shown in fy, ohrnic. Voz ion Tp fig —-Salwodtton (nat 2 D ~ q ae A bc ey 7 Ns Wee -3y «L . Voge = we Cereuik Cut-off i Dion choracterzetts ? Whar Nog? Noe, the channel p eh Open, Thor jp mo atbacteye force. fer the majerut; Covyiers & hance dhotn current Aoeanet yo: ey When %& a Small am the spelen — as) Pncveases 4owardé thea Dosttve increases dho. YeNewAe bias % caused Shpletion dad is applied ' {lows AS Up. yortage ft on geste Source Junctton egion to penetsat into yaa. Chorned teclucty gia Channel Asfelth maring ra Dot curren do be constant . Art Some Nalua Ups, the ofratn cursent FP Comet 62 increas ek forter dua to ocluction in channel Nidth . the. \ettoge ot which tp feacas +o tH Conbtord Jorred 15 coblak “pinch off" \lettag Aacturation (Ne) . > Dron charocterte ry SFET pp dintdad. into for regions tho. Ip D ohmic region ® In stata PLN , posiafyirg Current — Nacrted Leneodbuy, wth Vos hance. the Mame Ohmec Yegion, the Ohm's daw 2) Solwatton segfons chin 2 te vegfon, fm phich Ip cuccrent oternatnd constant & dows mot Nod with Vas: 3) cutopg? Nhan Nec mode Sufpecterily megr hin fp ~aive, TH % ooliced to Zev: Comred by picloning cle pletion rregton -bo Closea ee Chonnet, point pohone Pt Completely TJ Nps th yeap 7) ) Break clown teqtons be geached at tho Vottaqe wll Fnexeas try , IhEch, got dhonmal Junction breaksdovon dug to onblande effect. At Teds point, tha chain Qurfenk finctengep Net voptdly.- % dante may. be doptvoyed. “Tyg 18 the Mavcimurs rain CuITent Athy, Need, ut the. fata rateol curtert bin the dbain § Source: Drain chamcesfatty | P-channel FET T Vos eye -s 7 The ofp chovackarsttys 7 p— channel, 5 FET TB ap Shown in fy. > rn ThA perce fa Positive vofth tespect ® the. Ddakn. “2 Tt PS Aimilod to the n-channel sRET except ha Nottoges Vos & Nos haNe vener bed [Link] & curyent Lp fos en teNewpe. Afyection, > When Vesso, DYatn. current Ps maximum. > for move postive levels yp Vis, Teduces We We Ap Fowemin cst op —> for Ne gasiree levels af Vos Produces a heghor doted of Ip than Vec=0 Tronafer characteXistics Of SFET Tt 16 a plot of ‘output te Tplebatn custent) te input Nottoge : Nos constant » current -— f es non — the. Yelocion sh! p bin to 4 “os itreat. This Chovactertstiec VF clapinad, by He Eq aon anes [eo _ Droln Curyerrt phwre Np - constart Ips - constant Nas —> conste et Vortable Ag Vos caseapss to EON ee choracterstica 4 SFET ~trodly the Aronnfer t hown & FE: p op d Ip rh? ; gg = OY i ' Nes 2 TY Nigs = aN Ves = -3¥ V6p< -UN x 7 a 8 Nos Ni ( te.) “Transfer choactet pts Y TFET usteg Dron chadac wuts “Tromper — checractelest' Transfer CharacteRin ties % n- Channel FET & Pr chormel SFET, a Nog ot ech Tp 20 fv Coded ."Ves (oxy Metal oxide Semitonductes FET (meses) rt fp atype 4 fut efgect Hromatstot Can be upecl to optgn hegh ° Niisz ceytutks , —< Mosrevs has NO PN Sunetion Broucly, frstend the gote % MOSFET. fe inpulaced | chommel by a Si0y Soyer . Dur to tis fnput Fepiptane —[p Nevy high. Because a ta Pritula god, hay Qe albo clad af rerer's (Inswolid Gote fers). Ox. 4wo types, l. Depletion (D) Moseet &. Enhancement (E) Moseer Enhoncement MOSFET (© -mocfeT) E- MOSFET Operates ond emhontemert mode , Thar fA NO exist bm proin & fhe Aource, We hove ‘te Croats or Enhance a channel bin Doin & pourle ; hance the Name Enhancement MOSFET, source S) 4 tn the Chonnels —»proln(D) aes wabitat) Boley N= chormel_ EMOSFET Constr ution = ike heontly dlopeok nareghorys ate fn a Jig Ki chopect p-type. dt puredt fubstrode » ake fowre § ddotn ada taken out through metallic C@nstacts to n- choped pegions — Op shown fm i: —> Thee fs no dbrect Contact qth gate tetmtrol bth the Substrate - thre i a loye bortteY or erpulator SiO, pohich acté Ob % bin Goce serrnirod & the pubstvode « "2 hop four teymtnos te, Kate | Drokn, JouXe along eth Bubstrote (Ss) terminal of body, ~? the Substrot. % Aoude tevminal iw; OLroou Firrtex connected « thode ff No channel txt bn Dioin & te Powe Under MO bios Corditte, [7 5702 dower yyy 5 Ptype Substrate —> hen a Poptteve Ntottage Nas Fe opplfect 4 Gots % tre Aource sevmenal af Shown Pr fy. —> the postive poterttial at the gore terméinal odthacts tha. minority charge Cocrter® — from Tae Paty pe fubktoote —> these attracted minority chorge carries pe Electrons get actumuUsited oer He Louyer % Ppubsstrots —thae by forming chomnal. —> the hes fr the p-subsrrote gets repelled by tha applfet postive petarctinl y pill be Puphack clown . > the chtrockid Electroma AT not be able © Cropp Ye gete terminal becouse % Ho foyer % St0, behich act af a bonrier. 7 the = voltage appleac bln Doatn %& the soe Le, Nog attwacts the Blect¥onp = pohech well Course tho. flow % Tp Custent Hscugsh te fnduceol channel. > Mp Vqs Pncyeapedk , more Llectrons will be athracted =& hance ¥ncreases the To current , > qo lowest Value & Nags for pyheoh thao grist Lo cuxrent Just Boots fowirg- 1% collect “threshold nlottoge” (Nx) —> charmal doesnot extat ptth Vgs=ov 8 enhanced ua tod applecation a Peattive Goda to pource Vlettage. Drotn chovactertatics Trorifey Chavacterintigs Ip (ma) ° Fa IS 2098 Vosiv Orie sis uc Ves ° (No AALS chovacter {AEA TrambJes Choroctirintts + Foy n-channel MOSFET Nos tS parrttve 4 Zp choes not fee until Nec = Vr > Fort Neg >, The eladtonphtp bin absotn Curent & Ves 8 non- Linens 4 Tt tA Given by Ty 2 (Ne-¥* Ke bomtant , k= tpl c ( Ves (on) 7 Nt) channel MOSFET synth =—oa“—«“ . she eth, tere trclitesn that hee i ro corel 619 dovotn 5 the. Bour(e ' p- charmel E -MosfeT ep AB Ss Pachormel Moste Syonb ot Construction subside becky. ? Tse heontly hop eck p-Segfors ode Aefused Tt Q Neg hit, deepest nye Aubkbods, 7 The Source % Adah ade token out ugpough meloWic contacts to P-dopad tegtora a8 shown in * i ~ the tp mo Attect Comtact 9 He god. tert ATO yh he fuostrote . there ib a Joyet * S20, porich ach a barred oy enbulator bin we. Gott termincl & fubstot . > the Sabestrot 3 pouree seerminok f% alsoy pamcomectd . Thode fp mo channel boctst pin dBotn & source Unda "0 btas conditior —7 Khem oO egos Velkage , Ugs fA applica bln Gate + Lour(e teyminak a Brown 19 +5 —? - megodine ot the gate terminal attrocty he mtnostty charge carriers from the n-type Substoke | ~> chore attracted ator ily choerge Courter re holes get pccumutatd over Ho foyer 6% ne Substrata thor by poring: chonnal . > the electeonp tn he type cubstscila gets Sepellal by tha appleok nejotine Potuchal 5 wei be pusred down : > the cDoactd hols wilt Mot be able t Chey fe qode +tetmiral because a Sha loge So, D> the \ipttage oppltect bin dxoln & foulee ee Vp otbracs the hel shtdh Kt Compe tho fio e Im currevtt “Hrecough the enducech chonnel. > Acs negatine potartiol Nios increaged, mora holes Na be abtractad “Y hence fncreares th Ip qudrerté a i t + Chorrnctaristts Drain 4 _ Trompe Lancia IS as 4) + Tobngy . Nigs-s¥ a ‘ Ne ¢ ‘ VGs=-29 : z. Wass av 4 3 NBs Wy : L Drotn _ choractrtai> ‘ a “Nes eet Tranfer cheraclarzattes Depletion, MOSFET, en tes type. a MosfET , thoda gxtata a chonnal’ bry ddstn 4 fource undr no bys conodlition . ‘ Ne choral. _D=moseen SS ee IE FE «1 8 s Nechonneh D—MesreT Symbol P-type. Subs trot SS => wo heontly dope n—Segtoné ote. ALeyused frit Jghtly lope pbype._Bubstro > the Pounce, & dsain stermenols ade taker out Herough metallic cortacts » > The gate. tp olgo connected -to mblol puiface bud frpvlotid by & \lery thin Joyer 4 S05, operation Ip Flows pebar\ Naczo ie * ay facrensys hin Nes 1) ~te iy Arcoensep cohen Vas tafe > When Vos rs applred keoping Vac 2 ov, by directly Connecting fate to Aowce terminal free €lechors from thn n-channel ade athyoctecd tomorcls positive poterttiol of bday terminal : —> thin Entablishes current dhaough He chonral, to be denetad of Ipso ot NeseOv, ~? Tf Negodtive \rottage §— AcYoAs tho. gots g fourle terminal ff applied attracts the Porttrve chadges (hela) fr he substrate , this fnttotss a recombinedtion OF “reppled Elechy —np & hele prom the P-pubstroe . this dapendp on mognitinde a negaine Voltage applied to tha gate : —> the n-chomel ip caplelad Some & iw Electrons tun aAecreastny- the Chanel conclucti oN PGE hence the nome clapletion Mosres, Dron $ -rransper Charcteriattes ; _ <} . -N6s ‘ Nige- Troaryyey chor acsterinttca P-channel __ P= Moseet Ce S » ee Fe a 4 Symbet gs 3 TH heartily Anpeck 9 oe oem cope n-type ap fhown fn ro 5 the Source % the doin derminalp Oda taveer put snsough mnetott corrtacys + > the gote fe algo conneclad tO melal Puxac _ but Prpwlatac by a Nery fain dayor 4 $02 - —reg tors ore layne BudosreoTe lihen Nos 20 kaaptrg, Nas" ON by. pleat fo Aource cterminot foe hetep from tre pochannel octhractect tovoroa negative portal 9 datn terminal - > the Epiablishes current through the channek To be donoteh of Tyg, OF Ves e0¥. > When Nps ve op dined comecting- 2 xe a Postttve Netting e ACKOAL Jot a Aowce terminal & appliecl, octtvacts Yh. Electrons IN the pubstrode — this tnPttasts x. glectrons holes secombinocion, thir dapens, mn he mmogritacle Of pesttirie Nettage appltect ot Wo gets. Drain | Tranyer chasractddinttes cr Lo (nn) Nis 2-1 Veszov Ngsoty NQs22¥ 2 , 7 y tas Nios Py ‘ Ww Beis ctstiip TR donutatey

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