Scribd
Upload
6 views76 pages

EPC Module1 (Part2)

Uploaded by

girijahallur8
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
6 views76 pages

EPC Module1 (Part2)

Uploaded by

girijahallur8
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
41 Bor Ac Mockess f.t-1 Base Biasecl Amplu e- 4dftal Cou feting Capote c- c Shert N Fégene ft jo) Figane 1) ; Féguoe 4 cc) Capacitor 4 Ae open ancl Ceuphing Ceypoacctoh cep erg am fe Sherk ac Sheart* *K Figune 1(@) Sheass an Ac youre ¢ Sawnce cennectect fo Capeeettsr ard a Nesistr # Since Yu empecenu Y the Capaciis A snversely Poope fo proyency, Phe Coporci tor ofprctivdy blocks de Vetege Lid framsmib ac Vvolrige- K When 2 hig he Copreitive Reneteme amech ABimastenShan He Pusistence, im Shin Cone Qmett ath Ac eure Oppeent OLr0K he Reto amd Sorch ¥ Coupling E4ors Coulis ony fe Aiggnel to Phe Resistor lind i & Umportamt bectuue A OUR «to le am ac digmel unto Qn Lumplificrn csitheus lintarbiog fhe Q Pout * Fo a Coupting Aoprcitos fo werk Proper , C0 Reactama mrestbe Symotuen han Hn Resistemce ct the Lowest Guy & trac bere» Grood coupling + Xe 6 O-1R - —@ 3K The Practuna Aheulel be ctlocest so times Anmatter thom the Resistemce cee the Lecoert Coys { operation - # cone lo:t seule 18 Aclirfiedl , Figure 1) Com bs ep hovcerst by Cqpivatent Cin corek G Fegunt Ib) The omagmituct, f Cmpeclnce on bgweW@s A gin 22 VR — © Butstitaute DO im @. 2 = VR +(o. 1p = VRep0.01n? = Vor R® = 1-005 R. Since the Cmpectemee 4 within hay | a Pruomcey R Qt the locoet breqpeney , the Cussent on feguss 10) a 10°! rule Aby Considering cll Cape Coxpores tor asan Ac Shor Crrcerck k Cm portent Peurt purout Couptingy Letpuch toAs 5; Coupling ceypacitor GB Ontimite at Jeno Geyeeneg? epee Dice nce ade G a Capaccton ake as Lexo8 ) ce de \ettcege how ce Peqpemey @ Zero, fhe Aeodand 1 FX de Anatysin He Capacitor i open & FAX ac Anatyris Ae Cerpercitor x Chesect - * Fecpuoe 1) Seermmarizes these we Points Excomp ke ie Consiclor te given biquee A 4 R-aKn nd the eves Jramge 4s from a3 to aoktia, Find the Valus & C meceled to Cet a A Genel Ceufoling Copecitss « Cc t— “ se Feticeoing he 101) Rule > Xe sheulcl be 10 -+emes Arce than R cet the Lowest Gregypency, Trncfou : Xe Xe shoud be 10 t’my 4 mauer than R at the Lowest peqpeney , There tore Xe o pale Dg Bas_im puke votleauye | - Aivick bath Aidu g Equetcon @ by Av q Exannp ke: ~ Consider He Piceng stor aby mbel Bi econo) gue (cr) & &) tink & is Useol to Cnclicece an ump Lifer ; ery lexign., G) 4 np ek Vettege a &mv § Vottere gen a 200» Coleufate Cutput Voltage «(Fegan a). @) I Curput outage is 25 cn Figure) Lott voltage Acin & 3605 Cobertet the Emput Votteage - 4 én Ay = Neut Ven Veut lm £ “I c 9-5 V Fequine & () Veet = Ay Ven = deo(amv) =A0omy u . (ee) Vin = Vout _ 25V = zim. Av 350 LA3 Emitter Biareel Ample The Base biarect Am puikeor has an comtebl Q Pome ¥ Hence CL ix ree ursel muss as am Ampiiker. #% Larteasd ,an emitter biaseel amplifier cotth Us Atobte Q Pant & Prefered: Bal Pass Copocci ter: @) Bypass Capacitor a Figuow @ FA Bypass Capacitss & Similan to a Coupling cacti baceune th apprens geen fo Alber Laurent tnd Anat FO ees LUTMEML + ¥ Bet & is net Led to Couple @ dignat betwean Lioo Pointe. natead dk Ly Lusel fo Create am ac cpewnel * Figuie GYashaws An ac Vveltusye Aeurce Lennectect Fo a MHstH Amd a Coprrcitor ThE Rusistch Ro Pupresemts the Thevemin Jsiktance & Atom by the capaci. cohen tte fregpramey i Aigth enough » Pho fapacitive recckaumes 1B much Bretton than the Aer istamce w % Aimost alt the ac Jounce Voleuye Appeovs crccnors Fhe Tein, Auch-that Poiirt EB effectively Ahorted to ground. %K cohen url in hs Cony the copatttr bt -Cattect os be Pox Gee? because We Ahovts or bupames fhe Petite E 7 ae KA Bypaw coyposltr bs imperans becade Ut crtrenss 0 FO Crmt Om ac qieund On an ampli Fen vottheut dbeterbing ch Q& Pemt: K FOX By poss Coxpestiter fo ce Property, us Jueectamce Mest he Smatuen that he Resistance ot thr Lewest fuyrunc Ge ths ac Sour . ok The Apfinection & fod by Poning a ichonticel 40 that Sor goeel Secaca 5 ‘ Good by feosing 3 Xo ZO-1R, hi Tle ede ; me (0) Cb) As fatiobicol Figue 6@) cam b& Fuplacsel th pique the onpat Fraqpones % y A IK. -to effectively Pheu Point & ko gains 2 Belution f- K Obtain Theverin tesirtance 23 Azun by the Caeppackt ¢ Ray = RillRa = 8.82 Rit Ra Rew = 6002 \| 1K > Goox1x10* x36 600 +(x (03) Conchition : Ke eO-1R- Xo should be -len Hmes Armateen-than Kru “Thaotfca XcoK% 31-52 at IKHL- c+ = —1__ amexe (277) (re Ma) (34-50) CoA Quer - gC je mended | Figure $ @ VOR Amptefier with waveform - * Fig uss @ Aheres w Vertcegre otevicler béiareot (V06) Am plike - ¥ To Laleutote the le Voutenges amd Livaent , Avume hat all thi Capacitors ore Open: Them VDB Lincult Cam be Ahratysect as follews . Tht Auiercemt er deo values for Hus Cor ceeit cre as Vep = —Ra— x Vee Rit+Ra Veg = 2/842 (ov) = BV: lOKM +QaAKX Ba Ve = Oy Vee bSy ORV ERI The eqrritten Clement OX) chy = vt “ae oTe = tv Tha = er = hima De Te =hima Ve = Veo - => Ve= 10 —Gima) (86K) = 6-ONV bima * Coping, Capacitor (4 Uerect bekeoen Zhe Boence ancl bene AL Amother Coup ting eeea fence before RE Carcector Dink the Loact wristence *® Tre by Poss Copoerfor f& Lueck beteacon the emitter cenel th Ground. Botause gy thu fangs Vattere acon Co QSteun *K tn tye ® the voltage Source GF (OOtev ds Loup tel Lo the forse + K Bocecese & by poss Leepocidor , au yY thus Ao Vourage Lepore Arccnays tha bese ennitter cliocts + Khe ac base cromemt Pooclucey .m cum plc eok Ce Cetlector Megane: VDB wWewe forms! # Notice the ‘Vourge asavefeorm On Figure @ * The ac Bounce Voltage A & Aanatt Zinurocdal Vettaeye COLh am avenage Valus & Zero - * The base Votkeure a am ac Vvoungye Aeperimposect one de Valtaye & +1-8V K The Coltectos Votre & am Amp beFieel und emverteel Qc Votrage Superimposed en the dlc Cetlecter yottmge ¢ +6oxv The Loact Vetere Othe Aame as the cottector Votkcenre , Cncept that & has an average Value Y Zoro. * The VOB amplifier & fhe Standard wey to beeelof CL Aisoute tramirter amp Lider # Sacut means that cut Components Lcke rusistorus, Lapacitos smol tramixiou ox Aporately insecteel ancl Connectecl -to ee the. fina fan Uist + # A clivuk sincuis ClFTOs from an =Cregratert eee (rc) On cohich att the Components ane Aimuteeun uated and cennectel ence chip, a Piece Of Sormicon dLecets) mate al: 4 Vee +10V too KS ou 100 uv tguse 8 TSES Pera phir eoith coaveforms - A Fiquae 6 shes Tico Auppty ernitter foias (rSe8) cum puikt ex) # TO Parferm cc amalepis > meg lore cue the Cerfocrer tor amd Caleutcte the qHiescent velinges ® Base vellage Vg 80> © The v e acres Gmitternock & O.4, Thoefore Ve=-0-+#V ® From ohm'y tow, Emitten Cturnemt ¢ Te = ~ OFV ~—Cav) = b3mep TK TER Te = 1°3maq * The Cottectey - yout yee Vee ~ Fe Re f= lo ~ (3m) (3-6 ka) = 53a" a ‘o * Figure hoes oo Coupe ting Capacitr amc emitter * The ac operation ¢ tre cincuit a Aimilar to thet & vos Crim ptieen ¥ THe sigmed 4 Leupted Jo the base» Then the Bignet G28 compritiel 0 get the Cottector Vottae * THe Cum bifced Aignet 4s Hem Coupled te ta Loacl - K NOK He cocweperma The CoG Aowesr yeotuge & Aman Sinuscicled vectage- %E The beese Vetteuge has a Amatl ac component Fueling ena ole Component gy cppronimastely Ov. * The fotek Coltector Veuage ch cm Onverteal Aine aoaue Ab ding ena Ae Collecta Vettaye % +5: 32V+ K The Loacl Vettage és the Aame cum pLikiect Atgnat cecth no clo Cem ponent - # Notice that when Heubleshooteng an complifier eth by pas Capacitors, Mememben ~fhat AU Ac grounds Aheeutel have zero ac Vetecuges 113) Smaw Big not opnaton Figuae @ AQistertion When eg nat Ls too Aarge- ® Figuow 4 Dheus O graph Of Camment versus VOUIEC AON Ha boaye emitter dLiocle - * Chen am ac voltage is Ceuplecl onto He base & Ue Tramsivion , am AC Volt. Coppers anos At bere emitten diock - ® TAY Prockuces th dinrusewlel Vorieation U1 VBE Bs Aheeon im fegun @ qiitaniomncessepeiating peut F when the Velrage Creremrer to ckA Pesitive Pete > Tt cnstamtam cous op rating, Peet amoves from @ ko te Cpr Poimeasheon im figure @ * en-the other hamcl Whom the Sine ware Olerreenres to tes neggeetive Peak, He Unitamtaneeus Opercett ney Pernt mores Bom @ to te Lowen point % The totat hase Crit voltage of begun @ ian ac e Comted On a clo v e- HF The Aize He ac voltage wcletermines hevo fer the Ons-tantamesus Poimt amoves Cusay fom @ Peent , & fange ac bare Vettages Procluces heage Vveowation , cohernas Amok ac base verge Poocluces, Ameaet Veuweetion . *K The ac voltage en tHe base Proclucer “te ac Crmitter Covent cos AhetOn on “pigune @) » * The ac emitter coment hax the Acme Preepromen als the ac pase VeLeage + Fer instames i the ac Gemerceeor ehiving the base heer om peqpeney Gf MwHg, the Qc emitter Lemrent has % Pree puem cop | (KHz. Tha ac emitten Ceomenmt ALo has eupperorimately the Adame Ahape cs He cc base youre: +4, tee ac howe Votteuye 8 Ainesotelal » the Oc ernitter Serene & Appronimasely Airserecclet - %K The ac emitter cromnemt i4 net cr Perpect Replica Bethe ac bese vounge becouse @ the Curvatiou @ the Spajoh- * Simee He Toph cy Cenveel cpeoanchs » the posite ve hay Cyc | Ac emitter CLumreme US Clongateet CAtnetchesl) And negative hay, yee 24 Comprensecl The atrething mel Compreing GF ateernract. heuy cycle 2s ceured Mistotion. * ene to reduce clistertcon on begs O cs by Kesp ing te ac base Velteege Amat. # cohen te Peak value gy the bore v. 2 is Juclucsel , Me ns tamtaneous Pprating Pent Vatue is Abo Aecluced # TAL Amati, Ae Avoimg & veriation, He bun the Curvativn cm the aph Tf the Signal i Ameatl nongh , the giaph appears to he Vea mpsrkance § - Beceouse Here cs neqhyible clestertéon Fer a danall | Algnat: j ornilter % conon the Adgnol i Amatt, +he Chamgss a1 aC Crm Cuormemt are culmose olineetly Pooperional to ne Chang oh e Lineonr - OM ec here vettcage becerrse fra gpeph te celmost Line + In offer corel i tre bose Voge boo Armell enough Aine couve, the ac emit -0-aV - Frem ohm's Luo. Frit Cooment Te = =1-3mqA - 2 The QC Cmitter Teds tomce x sthe Crnitsen cltoded e t fre! = S8mv_ asmv =19-an te 1 3mA- Ite6] Teo Tramsistey moctat ¢- To Anatyze Ah ac opoation Y a-Pamsstor Qnplifir, £5 Negpurecl +o ean Gam Ac eqpivetent Linuik g & Pamgutor. The T_moctel i- ene y Ue comrliest ac emoclels Leas tre Ebeu— mot moclet Ahecan om fegee @ > . fv te ; vy be % n é aap =e n D Ly ve ao vi Féguene @ [oT mocket & % Transistor ok Ag fan 3 dmay ac Algnal is Concerned , the Crmnitter diok Ya tansiir acm Like am ac AArttence re! amd Cellector procs AC Like a Creme Aotrce te %*% Bence the Ebou—mou mods Looks Leke a 7 On cls Bice , te Cypivosimt Cin cuit £5 clso Latleel the Tmockut. + chen Analyzing Q Prams or amp Lefer, Each Lr antistr con be Fuploresl by a T mocks: ' R Re cmc Chr ac Quantities Like Vetecuye gain Lon be cobeusertiel tating he T-mockes- Eapuning he Enper Crmpeclonce Gi besos oe ies Foc eta 3) : ¥ cokem am ac om pet Atgnak claves |o. -Pomustor comp KO, Qm ac base mitten Neseage Voce ts wcrers De Cmte icc, ¢& Ahessn om Fegur Ge) * TAts Process am Ac base Crwrment fy *The ac Seunce hes to Supply This AG base Cumone > Bo that the Ram ister fraputier eoétt LOPS Paoperly + The ac voucge ounce is Loactrel by “the Onpat om pesto g the bare. *% From Figen @D ® ooking untothe bese qf +e Homirte), the ACveuagqe AeVtL Zea cm compet Cmpeclemce Zn (vase) * At flow brepuncia, the om peclann. es Poly Pees extive Qnd “uw clafinect aA Zin (bose) = Ve —_ oO lb # Hp prying chmis fous to He Omitlen cliocs 4 Fegu) ca) Use ale Re -@ Sutstizzus Eqr@ om ey O- Zin(base) = Voe_ 2 lene op Cb Since CeXle , Fuscther Eqn Con be Aimpukect os } Zitbase) = Pre! & This Equation tls that impod Smpedlamce @& the base vs tothe Qc Cuwuene qn Himes the AC Fusisteunce Eta ennittler Cliocle- “The TT modlet ¢ - be — . te te \ rc => Bre vie a Vu @ cb) © Figo ®): TT moet 4 a Ramntistor ok Fegene 15 @) Sheed the 77 mocket qo framsts-for, xf ce Vid ol eps unrtase on & Fyn Zin Chasey = Pre! | The 77 mocks £\ Caswrto ure Ham the ~7 modal (Fequre 4 B) poceuse Pht Cmpet orm pactence O& Nt Obvieers' cohile uxéng Ti Moko + The 7 model Chearty Bheuss that cum imput ompaclence § Pre vot load the ac Vottage Aeunce saiving the base * Sine the mand T meckets axe AC Cqpivetent coh coy fr 0 tramisto, omy one & the Coppivertone amodst Cam be set Fo omehyrzeng an cmp Lifcen c dinesteszing am Armpit ue KAmplidir Analysis % complixoteed becouse bolle cle and oc Sources are On tu Aame Crcuit # Te analyze erm phi fcr , fart coteulate the effect G He cle ounces and Shen the Yfert a the AC Aeurce Ls celetatecl » The Do Eqpivertemt Cor cit 1 = # The Barge lest coy $0 ematyze an amp Lifter a dn split th anabyts énto en post, 0 ho Gmmlysis © AC Gmoulyis we fa pe Gnoliyt fhe ole Vettages sand Ctements ort Cotlentatend + 70 Lo His Olt He Lerpacitos cre am cin cosh +» The Cincsist thok Femains c2 fhe oC ivatent Circiurd ° Khe mest om podem LLM emt On the AC an is ca Phe AC Effect of & De Veltage ounce § R ve ey Wee aft @ cb) la) Fequae (16) De Vouge Accence é& an shert - i Fig wu (16) (a) Shaws A Cincuit eit ac amd dc source KAS $e as AL Curnemt Cencrnedl , the alc Voeaye Bounce. acts Lice am ac Aho, as shevon om Feqare 6) Cb) K Bocause & AC Veuruge AeUrCL has A Conmbtams Vouruge Lue20% it , Theres ere cum ac Ciremt flccimgy taeugh c& Lamnot Prockeree oun AC Votre cecreys Cae * 4 No acvettage cam Crist » the ele votre Agune “a qpivetens ko an AC Ahert * Fdmethe coay to Limceutamal HE cole isto lure the Supopet- —tion -thearem ¥ Apps ing Auspopesctcon theerem to bigs (16) (Ca), us Pedglbte to coklutate He effect cach Aowree octing Aeporctcly cohite he ether is Teclesceel to zero. Rectucing the dc Vvouage +o 200 & Copinratemt “to Ahekeng Lh ° A TAnefere cohils made zing the Qc Operation gy an amplifier QU de vi fe Zounce Li Sherteel » K Ln Fipos 16 (4) de vetage Aeurc cxcke or ce poet _Gfreund PC Fypivetene Co cute! - % Aptar Amatyyzing the Le eepsi verkamt Lincut > he peat Ate ix do ernaty3® He O16 Copivertoms Circesit - K Ths iy te cinceit She Jeemceims En cexgseeni ng that OU te Capacitor ond cc veoutage Sounce Ahericel - taroel by ¥ The Tramsix tr can be FUP either -the 77 moctos ©) te 7 mocte - Base hicsecl Amplsin 4+Nec Be fe BL | Nin | | = = | @) Bare loicsecl Lump tificn » B I, ' ' Vin Re pre ic@ Re Re (b) 0c equivedone incuit - Fques @ F Fequo GAla) wa base breed Orm/psiteen F Analyze fhe Cir cuit by Consiclainy au the itor Ds open cin cect» them The Cincedt cods ba Ae eypivertont COV Cerit * 70 Obtain ac egpiveksnt cincule all te dc vetage Brerce pund aritars aw Ahorrecl, Then the Pome Laweled +Vec ib am ac cpowncl- * Figuns G) Ahews He AC Cqivalont cincuit, Hy Pramister her bon Aap roreacd by 71 moclat - ; + Sin Ha boue Lin chit, Hh ac input Veuzige ofapeons LURK Rg im Parallel weth Prd. Inthe Lelector Linck , the Current Arca pumps am ac Crunnremt % ie Hocugh Re im paramel woah Rp Vip AmpLfea |- + Voo ut () Vos umprtin B c m @ a af ie! % ze zt. (6) % Equivalent Chacesit * Fégquee (us) Kk Fiquoalgey B a VOB cumpUkoa and Féguac@) Ch eth ae Casi vertont Cinceset + *Im Fégeas (6) Alt Capecciters howe bum Ahevierl, le Suppy pout has become an ac A Lund the Pamivior has bsen Tuplaced by & 77 mock Im tre base Lirceit, te cee Onput vaottare Appeers Lr Ri em faratiat coith Ry in porated eet Br€ - Fp the cotlecter Cincitet , Vu Cooene Source pemps AN AG CLrmemt & Cae Re én panctrel coith FL. TSEB fmpluko t - 4Noe Re Coy Vin 88 “Nee ©) TSEB Amplifces

You might also like