SYLLABUS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION

TRAINING PLAN”

ICES/ RPP/SYL/001- Rev 01

Prepared By: Reviewed By: Approved By:

Radiation Protection officer Company Level III General Manager

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 INDEX
Contents
1. Radiation Concepts
2. Radiation Quantities and Units
3. Principles of Protection
4. Workplace Monitoring
 Radiation Monitors
 Making Measurements
 Monitoring Programs
 Other Monitoring
5. Individual Monitoring
6. Classification of Areas, Local Rules and Supervision
7. Transport of Radioactive Materials
8. The damaging Effects of Ionizing Radiation
9. Uses of Ionizing Radiation
[Link] & Security of Sources
[Link] of Legislation
[Link] Plans
 Emergency Plans & Preparedness
 Specific Emergency Procedures
 Responsibilities
 Accident Notification and Report
 Intervention
 Specific Emergency Procedure
[Link] Protection
[Link] Case Histories I
[Link] Case Histories II

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 RADIATION CONCEPTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER
3. RADIOACTIVE DECAY
3.1. Alpha particle radiation (α)
3.2. Beta particle radiation (β)
3.3. Gamma radiation (γ)
3.4. Neutron Radiation
4. X-RADIATION
4.1. The principles of X-ray production
4.2. X-ray tubes
5. FEATURES of RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
5.1. Activity
5.2. Half-Life
5.3. Origin of radionuclide’s
5.4. Form of radionuclide’s
6. IONIZATION
7. EXPOSURE PATHWAYS
7.1. External exposure
7.2. Internal exposure

RADIATION QUANTITIES AND UNITS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRINCIPAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS
2.1. Activity
2.2. Dose
2.2.1. Absorbed dose
2.2.2. Equivalent dose
2.2.3. Effective dose
2.2.4. Dose-rate
3. NON S.I. UNITS

PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION

1. INTRODUCTION
2. ALARA Principles
3. OUTPUT (DOSE-RATE)
3.1. Gamma Sources
3.2. X-Ray Sets
4. TIME
5. DISTANCE
6. SHIELDING
7. PROTECTION FROM INTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE
7.1. Containment
7.2. Protective clothing

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 7.3. Laboratory hygiene

WORKPLACE MONITORING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. RADIATION MONITORS
2.1. Direct-reading
3. MAKING MEASUREMENTS
3.1. Preparation
3.2. In use
4. MONITORING PROGRAMMES
5. OTHER MONITORING

INDIVIDUAL MONITORING

1. INTRODUCTION
2. DOSE ASSESSMENT
2.1. When required
2.2. Type of dosimeter
2.2.1. Film Badges
2.2.2. Thermo luminescent dosimeters
2.2.3. Personal alarm monitors
2.3. Care of dosimeters
2.4. Investigations
2.4.1. Dose limits
2.4.2. Unusual doses
2.4.3. Investigation levels
2.4.4. Overexposure
3. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

CLASSIFICATION of AREAS, LOCAL RULES & SUPERVISION

1. INTRODUCTION
2. CLISSIFICATION of AREAS
2.1. Controlled Areas
2.1.1. Requirements for Controlled Areas
a. Demarcation
b. Restriction of access
c. Monitoring
d. Local Rules

2.1.2. Engineering controls

2.2. Supervised Areas
2.2.1. Requirements for Supervised Areas
I. Delineation
II. Monitoring
III. Local rules
2.3. Practical examples
a. Paper thickness gauge

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 b. Level gauge
c. Industrial radiography in a purpose-built compound
d. Industrial radiography on site
e. Chemistry laboratory
f. Emergencies

3. LOCAL RULES
4. SUPERVISION

TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. TRANSPORT CONTAINERS
2.1. Design and Construction
2.2. Container Labeling
3. VEHICLES
3.1. Placarding
4. CONSIGNOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1. Transport Documents
4.2. Local Rules and Information

THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF RADIATION

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE
2.1. Erythema
2.2. Depilation
2.3. Blood count depression
2.4. Burns
2.5. Radiation sickness
3. CATEGORISATION of RADIATION EFFECTS
3.1. Deterministic effects
3.2. Stochastic effects
4. THE PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION PROTECTION AND SAFETY
4.1. Dose Limits
4.2. Optimization

USES OF IONIZING RADIATION

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. RADIOGRAPHY
1.1.1. Industrial gamma and X-ray radiography (non-destructive testing)
1.1.2. Baggage inspection
1.2. ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT
1.2.1. X-ray fluorescence
1.2.2. X-ray diffraction
1.2.3. Electron capture

SAFETY and SECURITY of SOURCES

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1. INTRODUCTION
2. TESTING and MAINTENANCE of EQUIPMENT
3. STORAGE of SOURCES
4. ACCOUNTABILITY for RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
5. LEAK TESTS

REVIEW OF LEGISLATION

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION

3. THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

3.1. The Basic Safety Standards
3.2. National Infrastructure
3.3. Other IAEA publications

4. OTHER INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

5. THE UAE FEDERAL LAW BY DECREE NO. (6) OF 2009 REGARDING THE “PEACEFUL
USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY”

6. BASIC SAFETY STANDARD FOR FACILITIES AND ACTIVITIES INVOLVING IONIZING

RADIATION OTHER THAN IN NUCLAR FACILITIES (FANR-REG-24)

7. APPENDIX: PRINCIPAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE BSS

I. Responsibilities
II. Administrative requirements
a. Notification
b. Authorization
c. Exemption
III. Radiation protection requirements
a. Justification of a practice
b. Dose Limitation
c. Optimization of protection and safety
d. Dose Constraints
IV. Management requirements

a. Safety culture
b. Quality assurance
c. Qualified experts

V. Reporting Requirements

1. Immediate Report
2. Twenty-four Hour Report
3. One Week Report
4. Thirty Day Report

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 VI. Technical requirements
a. Security of sources
b. Defense in depth
c. Good engineering practice

VII. Verification of safety

EMERGENCY PLANS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. EMERGENCY PLANS AND PREPAREDNESS
2.1. Assessment of the hazard
2.2. Written Procedures
2.3. Emergency Equipment
2.4. Training
3. SPECIFIC EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
3.1. Fires involving radiation sources
3.2. Damage to sealed sources
3.3. Spills of unsealed radioactive materials
3.4. Loss or theft of radioactive materials
3.5. Equipment failure
3.6. Inadvertent radiation exposure
4. RESPONSIBILITIES
5. ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION and REPORT
6. INTERVENTION
7. SPECIFIC EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
7.1. Unshielded Gamma Sources
7.2. Missing or stolen sources or exposure devices
7.3. X-Ray equipment

PRACTICAL PROTECTION

1. INTRODUCTION
2. GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY
2.1. Sources
2.2. Source containers
2.3. Safety Features
2.4. Container marking
2.5. Collimators
3. X-RADIOGRAPHY
3.1. X-Ray sets
3.2. Safety Features
3.3. Accelerators
4. SHIELDED ENCLOSURES (FIXED FACILITIES)
4.1. Enclosure design
4.2. Control of exposure
5. SITE RADIOGRAPHY
5.1. Area boundary
5.2. Warning notices

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 5.3. Warning signals
5.4. Patrolling and monitoring the boundary

ACCIDENT CASE HISTORIES - I

1. INTRODUCTION
2. CASE HISTORIES
2.1. Gamma Site Radiography : Lost Source
2.1.1. Description of Incident
2.1.2. Doses
2.2. Gamma Site Radiography : Defective Equipment
2.2.1. Description of Incident
2.2.2. Doses
2.3. X-Ray Site Radiography : Localized Exposure
2.3.1. Description of Incident
2.3.2. Doses
2.4. Gamma Site radiography : Disconnected source
3. LESSONS LEARNED

ACCIDENT CASE HISTORIES - II

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE RADIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT IN SAN SALVADOR
2.1. Lessons learned
3. AN ELECTRON ACCELERATOR ACCIDENT IN HANOI, VIETNAM
3.1. Lessons learned
4. THE RADIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT IN TAMMIKU
4.1. Lessons learned
5. THE RADIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT IN GOIANIA
5.1. Lessons learned
6. CONCLUSIONS
6.1. Regulatory infrastructure
6.2. The management of radiological protection and radiation safety
6.3. Safety systems
6.4. Working procedures
6.5. Training
6.6. Source control

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