FORMULA
CARDS
for the medical technology licensure exam
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
HYDRATED SALT MOLARITY
g of hydrated salt mw of hydrated salt grams of solute
liters solution
salt
g of anhydrous mw of anhydrous salt molecular
weight x
of
DILUTE SOLUTION TO CONCENTRATED SOLUTION MOLALITY
volume of -
total volume amountof solute
one part parts ofAt parts ofB 1
kg of given solvent
AND CONCENTRATION
VOLUME NORMALITY
C,V, (zVz
=
grams of solute
owx volume
of solution (1)
CONCENTRATION AND ABSORBANCE GEW:molecular
*
weight:valence
concentration of unknown absorbance of unknown
concentration of standard absorbance of standard PERCENT SOLUTION
SOLUTION:grams of solute
.
- 100
DILUTION volume of solution (m))
amount of solute
amount
of solute + amount ofdilvent
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
OSMOLALITY FRIEDEWALD SQUATION
1.86 Na+glucose + BUN + 9 -Total Cholesterol -
HDL-VLDL
18 2.8 VIDL
*
TAO
2 Na+glucose I BUN mg dL
20 3
↑Ro
mmol L
2.175
NORMAL: 275-295mOsm Kg I don'tuse TAG
if 400mg/dL
OSMOLAL GAP TEMPERATURECONVERSIONS
0r-measuredOsmolality calculated osmolality ·k 0 273
=
+
of (0)x1.8) 32
=
+
ANION GAP (95) 32
=
+
AG Na -(C1
=
H(03)
+
·c (7 32) x0.556
=
-
AG (Na 1) ((1 H(03)
=
+ - +
=
(07 32)
-
x 59
pH pOH
and BODY MASS INDEX
pH 10g[H+] BM1=Weight
(19)
=
-
pOH--log [OH-] height in m2
pH pOH
+
14
=
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
CREATININE CLEARANCE CSF COMPUTATION
UV if body surface is NOT1.73m2: CLARITY DILUTION
P with 1.73 SLIGHTLY HAZY
multiply Area 1:10
HAZY 1:10
SPECIFIC GRAVITY CORRECTION SLIGHTLY CLOUDY 1:100
URINOMETER REFRACTOMETER SPECIFIC GRAVITY CLOUDY SLIGHTLY CLOUDY 1:200
CHOx 0.004 CHOx 0.004 NO BLOODY TURBID 1:10,000
CHON
CORRECTION
CHONx 0.003 x 0.003
dilution
-
multiply for every gram added
cells, no.
of cells x
factor
TEMPERATURECORRECTION FOR URINOMETER no.
of squaresxarea x depth
TEMP:10°C
BASE
3") SERUM ALBUMIN INDEX
CSF
So,
every
wore
away from 20°C, we
add subtract
0.001 ALBUMIN:ISF
CSS albumin
WARM:add Serum albumin
COLD:subtract REFERENCERANGE
<9 Intact Blood Brain Barrier
REMEMBER:Specific using
Bravity
=
Reagent tip:NO CORRECTION NEEDED 9-14 SlightImpairment
=
14-30 moderate
=
>30:severe
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
CSF 1g6 INDEX SEROUS FLUID COMPUTATIONS
CSF
196:serum 196 If pleural fluid HCT >50.. of HgB ACT:HEMOTHORAX
ISFAlbumin:Serum Albumin pleural fluid
If <50: Whole
of Blood ACT:HEMORRHAGIC
EXUDATE
REFERENCE
0.70 196 production is within CNS
=
PERITONEAL FLUID
SPERM CONCENTRATION pericordial LD
cells dilution factor Pecural CHON
no. of
cells
x
-
Peritoneal
no.
of squares used x areax depth SAAS
Serum-Ascitic Albumin Gradient
SPERM COUNT REFERENCE
SPERM CONCENTRATION x
VOLUME SAAG>, 1.1:TRANSUDATE
value:per
ejaculate SAAG < 1.1:[XUDATE
· If standard dilution
is used (1:20] justmultiply sprm
cells
by1,000,000 ifSRB)
squares are used and
multiply sperm cells by 2RB)
100,000 if squares
are used.
HEMATOLOGY
NEUBAUER HEMOCYTOMETER SHORTCUTS FOR CELL COUNTING
ARSA OFEACH SQUARE:Imm ONLY USE
IF:
TOTAL AREA 9mm2
: RBC:1:200 dilution
in SRB)
squares
DEPTH :0.1mm WBC:1:20 dilution
in 4RBC
squares
VOLUME ·0.9mm3 in
PL:1,200 dilution 25 RBC
squares
OR 1 center
square
NO. OF
AREAACHSQUARE
DEPTH SQUARES TOTAL AREA (ELL SHORTCUT
WBC Imm 0.1mm 4 4mm2 RBC #x10,000
RBC 0.04mm 0.1mm 5 0.2mm2 WBC #x 50
PLT
0.04mm
imm
0.1mm 25 Imm2 PLT #x 2000
cells counted x dilution factor
cell
cells
mins
convention
no.
of squares area x
x
depth CORRECTEDWBC COUNT
correct ADULTS>,5 NRBCs
units
:only if
COUNT CONVENTIONAL SIUNIT NEWBORNS >, 10 NRBCs
RBC 100 mm OR x10" UL x10" CORRECTEDWBC no. 100
WBCs x
x L =
of
WBC x 103 mm3 ORx103 vL x109L RBCs 100
+
PLT 103
x mm? OR x103 vL 109
x L
HEMATOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL COUNTING CORRECTED RETICULOCYTE
COUNT
ABSOLUTE
COUNT CR) 1reticulocytes
=
xpatient's HCT
absolute count relative count
- x total WBC count 45
RELATIVE
COUNT
relative count:
absolute count RETICULOCYTEPRODUCTION INDEX
X 100
total WBC RPI=CORRECTED RETICULOCYTE
COUNT
MATURATION TIME
RETICULOCYTES REFERENCE
of reticulocytes RP1 3:ADEQUATE BONE
MARROW RESPONSE
I
reticulocytes no.
=
100
x
>
1000 RBCS RPI < 2:INADEQUATE BONE
MARROW RESPONSE
ABSOLUTERETICULOCYTE
COUNT HCT(L/L) MATURATION TIME
reticulocytes 1.0
=
0.40 -0.45
DRC = rbc x
x 1000
100 0.35 -0.39 1.5
0.25 -
0.34 2. O
0.15-0.24 2.5
<0.15 3.O
HEMATOLOGY
RED BLOOD CELL INDICES REFERENCE
MEAN CELL VOLUME
80-100fL normocytic
HCT <80 >100
X 10
microcytic macrocytic
RBC
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN
. . .
HB
x 10
RBC
MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION 32-36% normochromic
HB <32% >36%
x 100 1.)
hypochromic hyperchromic
HCT
RULE OF
THREE RETICULOCYTES (MILLER DISK)
conly to
applies normochromic, normocytic cells)
HEMOGLOBIN:RBC count x 3 (gdL) 190f SQUARE A
HEMATOCRIT Hemoglobin x3(11) 3:
- small (B):RBCs A
=
large (A):Retics B
reticulocytes (A) 100%
x
rbCs(B) 9
x
SEROLOGY
DILUTION RATIO
volume ofsample
volume ofsample volume of dilvent
·
said
when its "dilation"in problem, its
the
total volume
already
·when"dilution
factor"isasked, justreciprocate
1:10 or 10
e.g.:dilution =
dilution factor 101, 10
-
TWO STEP DILUTION
1 DILUTION1 x
DILUTION 2:DILUTION FACTOR
2 DILUTION FACTORY ANALYTE
CONCENTRATION:FINAL
CONCENTRATION
BLOOD BANK
BLOOD DONOR
--Kg x 2.2 IDS
=
volume to collect - donor's weight in
lig 450mL
x
50
reduced volume of volume to collect RhIG COMPUTATION
X 63
anticoagulant 450 1 FFTAL CELLS
amount of solution
63-reduced volume of anticoagulant
=
% fetal cells containing Abf
100
X
to remove all cells counted
2 SETAL MATERNAL HEMORRHAGE
BLOOD COMPONENT no.
of fetal cells maternal blood
x volume
lunit PRB)=1 to 1.5gIdL Hemoglobin no.
of maternal cells
3%. Hematocrit
phoncut:1fetal cells x 50:fMH
=
3 FMA =30 or
depending on what is
15
RANDOM DONOR PLATE LET stated the problem. If
at
nothing was
1 unit RDP=5,000 to 10,000 specified, use 30
to units given
-multiply 4 DECIMAL
this itused:PLATELETPOOL
use
if <.5:round down
3.5:round up
SINGLE DONOR PLATELET 5 ALWAYS ADD 1
1 unit SDP:30,000 to 60,000 ·
#4
answer in +1
-
to units
given
-multiply
used:APHERESIS
if
>use this it