Introduction

Coaches play an important role in the life of athletes they are the bridge to create

an environment to unleash the full potential of their athletes to their best condition

physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Coaching strategy requires quality of

time, devotion, and commitment enabling athletes to open to new learning, activities,

and knowledge they need for a great performance in their sport. Competitive state

anxiety is a negative emotional reaction experienced by athletes in competitive

situations. It is characterized by feelings of apprehension, nervousness, and worry.

Athletes may also experience physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate,

respiration, and muscle tension.

Coaching strategy

Sports coaches are no exception to that and benefit from an adequate education, which

enables them to practice and perform at their best in their profession for the benefit of

the athletes at every level and as well for institutions, clubs or federations coaches are

working for. Even though coaching is predominantly a practical pursuit, this should not

exclude theoretical education to underpin practice when becoming a sports coach

(Wallis and Lambert, 2016). Sports coaches are no exception to that and benefit from

an adequate education, which enables them to practice and perform at their best in their

profession for the benefit of the athletes at every level and as well for institutions, clubs

or federations coaches are working for. Even though coaching is predominantly a

becoming a sports coach (Wallis and Lambert, 2016, pp. 2-3).

In an article from Manila Bulletin entitled, 1st Pinoy Master Certified Life,

1
Business Coach Bats for Professionalism (2014), the International Coaches

Federation (ICF) Philippines stated that, “the number of aspiring coaches and

professional coaches has been consistently increased in our country”. This shows that,

Philippines is now empowering in terms of coaching. Filipino coaches have the innate

talent, experience, learning, values and flexibility in their field of sports.

REFERENCE

𝑠𝑡
] Manila Bulletin, 1 Pinoy Master Certified Life Business Coach Bats for Profession-

alism

Competition State Anxiet y

The word anxiety is derived from Latin word “angere,” meaning to

cause distress (Sharma & Sharma, 2015). Per the DSM V, generalized anxiety is

“anticipation of future threat” and is often associated with “vigilance in preparation for
future danger and cautious or avoidant behaviors” (American Psychiatric Association,

2013, p. 189

Competition is generally defined as a situation in which two or more opponent

compete each other to gain a desired goal, which results in winning or losing

(Murayama, 2012). Anxiety plays a major factor that exerts an important influence on a

Athlete’s performance. Anxiety is an integral part of the competition and its adverse

effects are prominent in all kinds of athletes (Oureshi, 2015).

Another significant psychological factor in the context of sports is anxiety,

analyzed by (Weinberg & Gould 2017)in the context of sports, and understood as a

psycho-emotional negative state of mind characterized by the manifestation of worry

and nervousness, connected directly with arousal and finding a cognitive and a somatic

component. Arousal is an optimal state of performance which is characterised by

calmness, relaxation and skill, leading to the athlete feeling that he has the ability to

completely control the situation (Ngo, V., Richards, H., & Kondric, M. 2017). Perception,

management and use of emotions in the context of sports strongly influence

performance, but the study of emotional factors related to sports is still scarce

(Weinberg, R., Butt, J., Mellano, K., & Harmsion, R. 2017). The athlete’s emotional state

exerts a great deal of influence on the performance and development of the activity

(Saies, E., Arribas-Galarrag, S., Cecchini, J. A., Luis-De Cos, I., & Otaegi, O. 2014).

McConville et al (2017) add to this that cognitive strategies of confrontation will also

strongly affect competition performance and will decrease anxiety states. The study of

these psychological factors is key to understanding cognitive processes in the context of

sports, so this study complements diverse others carried out in the sports environment
surrounding motivational climate, anxiety and emotional intelligence in athletes from

different categories (Sonesson, S., Kvist, J., Ardern, C., Österberg, A., & Silbernagel, K.

G. 2017).

Anxiety can have a significant impact on the performance of athletes. As a

natural response to stress, anxiety can manifest in various forms, such as pre-

competition nerves, performance anxiety, or fear of failure. In the world of sports,

conflicts and competition between participants are very natural, and there are so many

athletes who don't have a strong and good mentality when they are competing

(Papacosta, E., Nassis, G. P., & Gleeson, M. 2016). Even though athletes are world

champions, anxiety is a natural thing, what distinguishes good and bad mentality is how

an athlete is able to control anxiety (Ford, J. L., Ildefonso, K., Jones, M. L., & Arvinen-

Barrow, M. 2017). Athletes with high levels of cognitive anxiety and high cortisol

concentrations may indicate better psychophysiology (Papacosta, E., Nassis, G. P., &

Gleeson, M. 2016). Athletes often experience state anxiety during situations that create

pressure, for example if a free throw determines the outcome of a basketball game.

However, trait anxiety refers to characteristics of a person, where an individual is

anxious about general unknown outcomes. Researchers have identified that high levels

of trait anxiety may lead to an increase in state anxiety during performance [13].

Athletes who felt more cognitive and somatic anxiety were also less self-confident. The

research conducted by Mladenović (2019) showed that individual athletes (elite

shooters) experienced higher levels of cognitive anxiety compared to handball players.

Anxiety usually has physical symptoms that may include the rapid beating of

heart, dry mouth, shacky voice, trembling, sweating, and nausea. It triggers the body to
activate its sympathetic nervous system. This process takes place when the body

releases adrenaline into the blood stream causing a chain of reactions occur. In

addition, those experiencing stage fright will have an increase in blood pressure which

response to the fight and flight instinct. In return, this causes the body to overheat and

sweat (Gonzaga, 2015).

In sports competition where success and failure are involved why some of the

players are unable to maintain their concentration level and may feel anxiety. The

players feel anxious and before as well as during competition (Chiariotti et al., 2016). In

relation to Biasutti and Concina (2014), players are frequently scrutinized not just by

their own teammates but also by other people because of poor athletic performance.

REFERENCE

Murayama, K., & Elliot, A. J. (2012). The competition-performance relation: A meta-

analytic review and test of the opposing processes model of competition and

performance. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 1035-1070.

Gonzaga, F.M. (2015). Stage Fright and Coping Mechanisms among Dance Troupe

Members and Trainers in a State University: An Empirical Study. International

Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health; 2(2): 267-274

bacterial lipopolysaccharides. In Patho- Epigenetics of Infectious Disease (pp.

91-105). Springer, Cham. [Link]

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (2017)., Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs

in motivation, development, and wellness New York: Guilford Publishing

Sharma, R., & Sharma, P. (2015). A correlational study to assess the relation of

anxiety and social phobia with academic performance of students in a selected nursing

college. International Journal of Nursing Education, 7(2), 26-30. doi:10.5958/0974-

9357.2015.00067.7

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of

mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing

Weinberg, R.; Butt, J.; Mellano, K.; Harmsion, R. The stability of mental

toughness across situations: Taking a social-cognitive approach. Int. J. Sport

Psychol. 2017, 48, 280–302.

Ngo, V., Richards, H., & Kondric, M. (2017). A multidisciplinary investigation of

the effects of competitive state anxiety on serve kinematics in table tennis. Journal of

Human Kinetics, 55(1), 83-95.

Papacosta, E., Nassis, G. P., & Gleeson, M. (2016). Salivary

hormones and anxiety in winners and losers of an international judo competition

related anxiety: current insights. Journal of Sports Medicine, 205–212

MLADENOVIĆ, M. (2019). ELITE ATHLETES'ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL

STATE FOR COMPETITION IN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS. Sports Science &

Health/Sportske Nauke i Zdravlje, 9(2).

Horikawa, M.; Yagi, A. The relationships among trait anxiety, state anxiety and

the goal performance of penalty shoot-out by university soccer players. PLoS

ONE 2012, 7, e35727.

Weinberg, R.; Butt, J.; Mellano, K.; Harmsion, R. The stability of mental

toughness across situations: Taking a social-cognitive approach. Int. J. Sport

Psychol. 2017, 48, 280–302.

Saies, E., Arribas-Galarrag, S., Cecchini, J. A., Luis-De Cos, I., & Otaegi, O.

(2014). Diferencias en orientación de meta, motivación autodeterminada, inteligencia

emocional y satisfacción con los resultados deportivos entre piragüistas expertos y

novatos. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14(3), 21-30.

McConville, J., McAleer, R., & Hahne, A. (2017). Mindfulness training for health

profession students—the effect of mindfulness training on psychological well-being,

learning and clinical performance of health professional students: a systematic review of

randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. Explore, 13(1), 26-45.

Psychological factors are important to return to pre-injury sport activity after anterior

cruciate ligament reconstruction: expect and motivate to satisfy. Knee surgery, sports

traumatology, arthroscopy, 25, 1375-1384.