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Migrant Dynamics in Perumbavoor

The document discusses migration trends in Perumbavoor, India. It finds that migrant workers primarily come from states like Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh to work in the plywood and wood industries. The majority of migrant workers are male and literate. They typically live in lodges or shared housing, and pay rent of Rs. 3,000-4,000 per month. Migrant workers learn about jobs in Perumbavoor through friends or relatives and can earn over Rs. 800 per day, primarily in construction work or self-employment.

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Adil A S 191006
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
90 views17 pages

Migrant Dynamics in Perumbavoor

The document discusses migration trends in Perumbavoor, India. It finds that migrant workers primarily come from states like Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh to work in the plywood and wood industries. The majority of migrant workers are male and literate. They typically live in lodges or shared housing, and pay rent of Rs. 3,000-4,000 per month. Migrant workers learn about jobs in Perumbavoor through friends or relatives and can earn over Rs. 800 per day, primarily in construction work or self-employment.

Uploaded by

Adil A S 191006
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PEOPLE & IMMIGRANT TYPES MAJOR MIGRANT HUBS IN PERUMBAVOOR

Due to low lying, marshy land,people have made accomodations for


the migrant workers and hence the flow would be concenterated in
MIGRATION these [Link] local residents are being replaced by the migrant
workers
Migration is seasonal or periodic movement of people from one
place in the world to another fortaking up permanent or
semi-permanent residence, usually across a political boundary-

VALLOM

KANDANTHARA VATTAKATTUDAY
ALLAPRA
KUTTIPADAM

WHY MIGRATION ?
DISTRIBUTION OF MIGRANT WORKERS BASED
The main reasons for migration are urbanization, industrialization,
better employment opportunities and living conditions, attractive
ON THEIR ORIGIN
remuneration etc. Migration has caused a negative impact on the 35

bargaining power of local labour. 30

25

20

15

10

0
Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Cha�sgarh Delhi Odissa Tamilnadu West Bengal UP

Until a decade ago, the only migrant workers were those from Tamil
Nadu, butnow, unskilled and semi-skilled workers are from other
URBANIZATION INDUSTRIALIZATION states like Bihar, Jharkhand,Chhattisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal and
the North-east are filling the key avcuum in the states work force
The urbanization is one of the key pull factor of migration, contrary to con-
ventional wisdom on urbanization and migration, high rate of migration Wherein Assam people migrates more and then next comes West
into urbanized area have continues despiterising level of (formal) unem- Bengal and Utter [Link] is mainly because the wages that they
ployment and persistent urban poverty are being paid these places are too low to keep the both ends meet
and also as Perumbavoor offers them upto 50 percentage of higer
wages for the same amount of work.

WHY PERUMBAVOOR ? DISTRIBUTION OF MIGRANT WORKERS BASED


Perumbavoor, which has the single largest concentration of migrant
ON GENDER, LITERACY RATE
workers in Kerala who work in the plywood and wood industries, is now The male work force dominates the migrant labour population in
seeing another trend: Local residents being replaced by migrants from Perumbavoor
northern states in several businesses catering to their needs like hotels
and petty shops or as lorry drivers and SIM card vendors. Among the migrant population about 60 percentage of them
were found to be literate

FIXED- FLOATING POPULATION MEN WOMEN RATIO LITERACY RATE

FIXED FLOATING MEN WOMEN ACCESS TO EDUCATION NO ACCESS TO EDUCATION

AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24 )
PEOPLE & IMMIGRANT TYPES
6708 AKAMSHA SURESH
6736 SNEHA SUSAN PHILIP 2.1
RENTPAI
DPERMONT
HBYT
HEMI
GRANT DAI
LYWAGESOFT
HEMI
GRANTWORKERS
WORKERS
Themax i
mum r
eceiveddail
ywagesoft
hemigr
antworker
sisabover
s
I
twasobservethatthemajori
tyofr
espondent
spaytheirmont
hly 800.
Theremost
lyconst
ruct
ionwor
ker
sandpeoplewhoares el
f
r
entint
her angeof3000-4000andtheyweremost
lyfoundto employed.
r
esi
deinlodges,indivi
dualhous
es,shar
edhouses

SOURCEOFINFORMAT
IONABOUT NAT
UREOFDWEL
LING OFMI
GRANTWORKERS
EMPLOYMENTI
NPERUMBAVOOR Bachel
orswerefoundtor
esidemost
lyi
nlodgeswereal
soonsi
te
Mostoft
heres
pondantsgoti
nfor
mati
onaboutempl
oyment tent
antswhi
l
ef amil
i
eschosetor
esi
deinindi
vi
dualandshar
ed
ei
thethr
ought
hei
rfr
iendsorr
elati
ves houses
.

DAYSOFEMPLOYMENTI
NAWEEKOFT
HE PRESENTSECT
OROFEMPL
OYMENTOFT
HE
MIGRANTWORKERS MIGRANTWORKERS
Themigrantpopuat
ioni
sdominatedbyt
hecons
truct
ion
I
tisobs
ervedthatmos
toft
hewor
ker
swer
eempl
oyedf
orat
mos
t6 worker
sareplywoodfact
oryworker
s
daysdaysinaweek

L
OREM I
PSUM

2.
2
6706AKAMSHAS URES
H
PEOPL
E&I
MMI
GRANTT
YPES 6733SNEHASUS
ANPHI LI
P
AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24 )
IMMIGRANT FUNCTIONAL NETWORKS 6703 ABIJITH
6734 SONA 3.1
EPHIMERALITY
WHAT IS EPHIMERALITY
Something that is fleeting or short lived is ephimeral. Ephimeral archi
tecture is the art of or technique of designing a nd building structures
that are transientthat last only a short timne.

TIME BASED
Ephemerality in morning includes shops that sell
WHY DO EPHIMERALITY OCCUR breakfast,tea and snacks the shops open around 4
am in the morning and stop around 8 am, these shops
An ephemeral architecture has the ability to mediate between
mainly situated around gandhi circle and market
aspired permanence and inevitable change, sustaining cultural
meaning despite a short existence. Framing a moment in time
through construcfion processes and lingering fragments, a building
designed to disappear can fostera potent communal memory and
provoke a sense of nostalgia.

THE CASE IN PERUMBAVOOR CULTURE BASED


in case of Perumbavoor the Ephemerality is preseant due to the Due to the working schedule of the emmigrant popu-
requirements and needs of the emvmigrant community. The main
ephemeral activities include shops that sell food during the early
lation there is a Culture than involves a spending
spree during the weekends ,so inorder to cater the
moning, Sunday bazaars which has shops that sell al kind of required needs of the population an ephemeral market called
materials. There are also shops that deal in tobacco and other
the gandhi bazoar occurs this happens only on sun-
intoxicating Substances
days.

o overnment Gils on 1 E SNROOr

Rm

Saravana Bhavan n Pillei Rd


ttan H
ran
Negetar RE nC

Clothing store/ op
sWeddin9
ax FashionUth store T
o
AMRa

Motorceycledealer mu
ECLUSMESTORE
CKM
CANARA BANK YU
L T sams
** eumavo

O ASHRAM m
PP OFBank Blue Da
LL
Joe dens
RiVARAMR
TTCC/ UA
noxdaundnu
EVM Cinem 9 OMSN RAK
PE Eto

Gandhi Circle

Perumbavoor Bus stand

Ephemeral coridor

6704 ADIL AS
TKM
PERUMBAVOOR STUDY 6736 THAMEES LAISAL 3.1
school of Architecture

AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24 )
PERUMBAVOOR MARKET
Perumbavoor market is amarket associated with the Perumbavoor bus
stand. the market is open all days however the crowd becomes
manyfold in the weekends. This is because Perumbavoor is gathering hub for
a vast number of emigranf workers during Sundays.
There are may small and large shops which have oriented there frade and
services5 O meet the need thius crowd.

stand

Crowd in Perumbavoor market Crowd in Perumbavoor market EPHEMERAL REGIONS


on a normal weekday on weekends

Main vehicular traffic

Secondary vehicular traffic


emaynSlas pedestrian traffic

Ephemeral coridor

Perumbavoor bus stand

mobile clinic Comes in once sign boards in both malayalam


THEBUS STAND
The private bustand is where most people first arrive in
every wek usually on sundays, and hindi, meaning trade fo perumbavooor, there are shops inside the bus stand building,
provides free medical checkup CUsed on emigrants they are snackbars, accesories and holets.

Senin

CIrY ASSAM BANGALI HOTEL


THE STREET
goods from Assam and Bengal Hotels owned by emigrant work This region is where the smaller shops are present, situated on
now being sold in Perumbavoor ers which sell assam and bengal either side of the secondary road, it is the most busiest during the
food ephemeral boom during weekends due to less vehicular traffic,
space available to set up small shops

VE

2
Money exchange and ticket A mobile shop where music is THE NARROW ALLEY
booking services run by being downloaded into phones, This region is situated in the narrow corridor between two adja-
emigrants found in perumbavoor cent tall buildings, this region is not easily accesible by vehicles,
this region is used for selling illegal tobacco products.

4
GANDHI BAZAAR
hair dressing saloons owned by tattoo studios run by emmigrants Gandhi bazaar is an ephemeral market that is active only
emmigrants example of aesthetics being an in the [Link] shops are owned by both native ma-
important factor for shops in layalees and emigrant workers, they are a saurce of adi-
Perumbavoor/ Bhai market fional income for the emigrants of perumbavoor.

6704 ADIL A S
TKM
PERUMBAVOOR STUDY 6736 THAMEES LAISAL 3.2
school of Architecture

AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24)
BHAI COLONY
Bhai colony is a emigrant seettirment on the outskirts of
Perumbavoor is is situated on a low lying land it cinsist of large aparment
style buliding, hotels and row house the residents are mainly emigrants apart
frorm one or fwo familles, fhere is an open ground in fronf of a large apar
ment where fhe medical camp I S Conducted weeKly.
the rest of the building came in responese to this building and is the identity
of the space

a mobile medical camp is conducted in open ground of the building,


it comes on sundays provides free medical checkup, it is also a time
when friends and collegues inferact

shops here open daround 4 pm and are offen closed during the day as
the residents are mostly daily wage workers who go in search of work in
the morning and come back in the evening

GANDHI CIRCLE

VIV

Gandhi circle is consist of a bus stop where the daily wage workers THE STREETS
come in search of work, to meet the needs of this crowd many ephem
erl shops opens, and closes as the crwd slowly reduces. The streets of Gandhi circle becomes active in the early morning
around 4 am this is to cater the the needs of the eigrant workers
who come in the morning in search of work.
the shops include breakfast and snack shops, tea shops etc they
close down at around 8 am

perumbavoor in 2003
Perus

GANDHI BAZAAR

Gandhi bazaar is an ephemeral market that is active only


in the weekends, the farget CUstomers are emigrant work
ers and the goods available for trade are basically
clothes,accessories ,tools etc
The shops are owned by both native malayalees and emi-
grant wokers, they are a source of aditional income for
perumbdvoor noW
fhe emigrants of perumbavoor.

6704 ADIL AS
TKM
PERUMBAVOOR STUDY 6736 THAMEES LAISAL 3.3
School of Architecture

AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24 )
IDEA OF COMMUNITY AND LIVING

Fig showing immigrant workers occupation type

Function is the basic factor that forms a community. Primary occupation is


the function in this case. Immigrant workers are mostly groups are formed
and are clustered together according to their occupation type.

36%

48%

The feeling of community is not that strong anywhere other than Bengal colony and Bhai
market. Residential spaces are not allotted to family because of the lack of authenticity. Resi-
dent Keralites have some sort of affinity towards immigrant workers.

Their children are studying in near by government schools, mostly Kannanthara govt. UP
school and Hayathul islam high school. Education is provided through govt schemes such as
Roshni awas yojana.

Self employed Industrial workers Daily wage workers

Most of the immigrant workers are working on a daily wage basis and self Bhai market and Bengal colony are the main active community hubs where people from all
employed ones are the least. Industrial workers resides over the industry along Perumbavoor gather together. The place is mostly active on weekends at night. Food is
premises. People are again grouped as family and bachelors. House owners the main factor that attracts people from all around the city. Eateries, restaurants, tv streaming
tends to hire bachelors rather than family, so that they can be accommo- areas and games such as caroms and ludo attracts them.
dated easily without a concern for privacy and due to doubt in the authen-
ticity of the family.

AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24 )
IDEA OF COMMUNITY AND LIVING 6706 ADVAITH ANAND SAJI
6732 SIDHARTH S DILEEP 5.1
WORK TYPES, WORK PATTERNS AND SPATIAL EXPLORATION
Perumbavoor, known for its variety in plywood collection is now
being famous for another thing. The population of migrant
labourers there.
RAHMATHULLA
DAILY WAGE WORKER
KOLKATA
WHY The work available
here with higher wages
compared fo their native places is the most important factor for I LIKE KERALA MORE THAN KOLKATA.
fhe rising populaton.
THE PEOPLE ARE VERY GOODFO ME
AND I GET MORE MONEY HERE.

wORK TYPES IN PERUMBAVOOR

Work type of perumbavoor can be devided into 3,retail


Workers,industrial job,femporary job

EMPLOYED

ENTREPRENEURS ASISSTANCE CASUAL WAGE REGULAR WAGED PLACE JOBS

RETAIL WORKERS INDUSTRIAL JOBS TEMPORARY JOB

Groceries Mobile shops Plywood Street vendors


Other Fish
Textile Hotels Construction
Construction
Groceries
WORK PATTERNS LIVING PATTERNS

ODDSPD- Oapienso, P:04 34c3E34*

Job

Entrepreneur

place

Casual wage Assistance

STAR MOBILES

regular waged Employed

6702 ABHISHITH K
TKM
School of Architecture
PERUMBAVOOR STUDY 6729 RITU ROY
AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24)
MOVEMENT PATTERN AND ACTIVITIES
PERUMBAVOOR THE MAIN TWO NETWORKS CONNECTING PERUMBAVOOR ARE CENTRAL - MAIN ROAD AND
PERUMBAVOOR IS A HISTORIC PLACE LOCATED AT THE BANK OF PERIYAR RIVER IN ERNAKULAM ALUVA - MUNNAR ROAD . THE MOST COMMON SETTLEMENTS OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN
DISTRICT . THE SPECIALITY OF THIS PLACES IS THAT ECONOMY OF PERUMBAVOOR TOWN IS PERUMBAVOOR ARE BHAI COLONY AND SALMA COLONY. PERUMBAVOOR IS A HISTORIC
HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON MORE THAN ONE LAKH OF MIGRANT WORKERSFROM DIFFRENT INDIAN PLACE LOCATED AT THE BANK OF PERIYAR RIVER IN ERNAKULAM DISTRICT.
STATES.

GANDHI CIRCLE

ALUVA-MUNNAR ROAD

Lorem ipsum
BHAI COLONY MAIN CENTRAL ROAD

MIGRANT WORKERS OF BHAI COLONY HAVE FAMILIES AND BACHELORS. MOST OF THEM ARE
CONSTRUCTION WORLERS OR DAILY WAGE WORKERS . AROUND 5 AM , THEY START FROM BHAI THE STREET VENDORS COME TO THE CLUSTER POINTS
COLONY TO DIFFREN T PARTS OF PERUMBAVOOR FOR WORK AND IN SEARCH OF WORK . THE BY 5AM. MOST STREET VENDORS COME BY WALKING
FIRST STATION POINT I S YATHRINIVAS BUS STAND WHERE THEY WAIT FOR THE BUS OR FOR AGENTS WITH THERE VENDOR CARTS. FEW OTHERS COME BY
TO PICK THEM UP AT 6.00 IN T HE MORNING . T HIS CLUSTER THEN SPREADS TO GANDHI CIRCLE , AUTO RICKSHAW AND THE CHAI WALA’S BY THERE
GANDHI BAZAR AND AMAL PALACE ON A WEEK DAY . THESE ARE THE MAIN STATION POINTS AND CYCLES CARRYING [Link] THEY GO HOME BY 8AM
FROM THERE THEY MOVE TO WORKS MAINLY AT L CONSTRUCTION SITES ,PLYWOOD FACTORIES WHEN THE CLUSTERS GET [Link] IS NO SUCH
OR FOR DAILY WAGE WORKS. SPACES FOR EPHIMERALITY IN [Link] FORE THEY
USE FOOTPATHS
STREET VENDORS IN GANDHI BAZAR

EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE LARGE CLUSTER FORMATIONS


IN PERUMBAVOOR FROM 5AM TO 8 AM, THERE IS NO
SEATINGS PROVIDED NOR WAITING SHEDS. CLUSTERING
AROUND FOOTPATHS MAKING A DIFFICULT TO THE
PEDESTRAIN TO USE THE FOOTPATH AND HAD TO
WALK BY ROADS DURING HIGH TRAFFIC.

CLUSTERING ON FOOTPATH NEAR GANDHI CIRCLE

MORE THAN 40% OF THE MIGRANT WORKERS TRAVELLING


FOR WORKS MOVE BY CYCLES AND FORM YATRI NIVAS
BUS STAND THEY TAKE THE BUS ,YET THEY PARK THEIR
CYCLES HERE AND THERE AROUND THE BUS STAND .
THERE IS NO PROPER PARKING FOR CYCLES
THEY HAVE THERE BREAKFAST FROM SMALL POP-UPS IN BHAI COLONY OR FROM THE POP-UPS NEAR PROVIDED NEAR ANY BUS TERMINALS.
THE YATHRI NIVAS BUS STAND .BY 8 AM , ALL THE MOGRANT WORKERS MOVE TO THERE WORK PLACES
AND THOSE WHO COULDN’T FIND THE JOB RETURN TO THERE HOUSES. CYCLES PARKED IN YATRINIVAS BUS STAND.

1 2 3 4 5
THEY HAVE THERE BREAKFAST FROM SMALL POP-UPS IN BHAI COLONY OR FROM THE POP-UPS NEAR
THE YATHRI NIVAS BUS STAND .BY 8 AM , ALL THE MOGRANT WORKERS MOVE TO THERE WORK PLACES
AND THOSE WHO COULDN’T FIND THE JOB RETURN TO THERE HOUSES.

AD SEMESTER 7 (2019-24 )
MOVEMENT PATTERN AND ACTIVITIES 6707 ALIA RASHEED
6711 ASHLEY PARVIN K P 8.1

Common questions

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The large migrant population impacts Perumbavoor's economy by providing labor for local industries such as plywood and construction, thus sustaining economic activity. Socially, it affects the bargaining power of local labor and diversifies the community, although residents have mixed feelings about the migrants. Migrants form distinct communities with their own cultural practices, creating economic hubs like the Gandhi Bazaar and Bhai Colony that cater specifically to their needs .

Migrant workers in Perumbavoor tend to reside in shared lodges or individual houses depending on their family status, with bachelors preferring lodges due to affordability and families choosing shared houses. This pattern shows a degree of integration into local housing markets but also highlights social divisions as they cluster within certain areas, creating community hubs like Bhai Colony. This clustering both reflects their need for support within migrant networks and the challenge of fully integrating into local communities .

Community and living arrangements play a crucial role in shaping the daily lives of migrants in Perumbavoor by providing emotional and social support. Migrants typically form communities based on shared occupations or regions of origin, which helps them navigate daily challenges and maintain cultural practices. Living in close-knit, arranged accommodations allows them to share resources and create a sense of belonging amidst temporary residence statuses and fluctuating work scenarios .

Perumbavoor attracts a significant number of migrant workers due to higher wages compared to their native places and the availability of jobs in industries such as plywood and construction. The influx is also driven by better employment opportunities and living conditions, despite rising unemployment and poverty levels in urbanized areas .

The Perumbavoor market has become a hub for migrant workers due to its accessibility and large variety of goods and services catering to their needs. Migrants, often working on daily wages, rely on affordable goods available in the market. The market, active primarily on weekends, reflects the economic patterns of the migrants, who manage their expenses on a weekly basis, aligning with their lifestyle of transient employment and limited resources .

Cultural and economic factors interplay in the formation of ephemeral markets in Perumbavoor by aligning the transient needs of the migrant population with economic activities that cater to their specific cultural demands, such as ethnic foods and traditional goods. These markets capitalize on cultural festivities, embodying temporary economic booms that reflect the migrants' lifestyle while providing local entrepreneurs opportunities amidst economic fluidity. The temporary markets also create a shared cultural space that reinforces the social fabric of migrant communities .

In Perumbavoor, different employment sectors such as construction, plywood industries, and retail affect the distribution and dynamics of the migrant population. These sectors determine where migrants choose to live and form communities, impacting social structures. For example, construction workers may live near work sites, while those in retail might be more centrally located. Employment opportunities influence social interactions and cultural practices, creating distinct yet interconnected migrant networks within the city .

Ephemeral architecture in Perumbavoor addresses the needs of the migrant population by providing temporary and flexible commercial spaces, such as early morning shops and Sunday bazaars, that align with the irregular schedules and needs of migrant workers. This transience supports local economic activity and fosters cultural meaning for migrants who might not be permanent residents but need access to goods and services that reflect their cultural experiences .

Reliance on migrant labor in Perumbavoor brings several benefits, such as sustaining the local economy through a steady supply of low-cost labor crucial for industries like construction and plywood. Migrants also bring cultural diversity and vibrancy to the region. However, downsides include the potential marginalization of local workers due to reduced bargaining power, social tensions between communities, and challenges in providing adequate infrastructure and services for a transient population. These issues highlight the need for policies balancing economic growth with social cohesion .

Migrant workers face challenges such as inadequate transportation infrastructure, with insufficient parking for cycles and lack of seating or waiting areas at bus stands. They manage these challenges by clustering around key transportation nodes and using public transport, although this often leads to congestion and inconvenience for pedestrians. The lack of dedicated infrastructure for transient populations reflects broader systemic challenges in urban planning and integration .

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