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Activation Energy and Diffusion Coefficients

This document provides examples of equations used to model diffusion processes in metallic crystal lattices. It includes the Arrhenius equation used to calculate activation energy from diffusion rates at different temperatures. Fick's first law describes the diffusion flux between concentrations. An example calculates the diffusion coefficient at a higher temperature given the value at a lower temperature using the temperature dependence relationship. Fick's second law models concentration changes over time and is applied to an example of carburization diffusion. Tables of error function values and diffusion data are also included.

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8 views3 pages

Activation Energy and Diffusion Coefficients

This document provides examples of equations used to model diffusion processes in metallic crystal lattices. It includes the Arrhenius equation used to calculate activation energy from diffusion rates at different temperatures. Fick's first law describes the diffusion flux between concentrations. An example calculates the diffusion coefficient at a higher temperature given the value at a lower temperature using the temperature dependence relationship. Fick's second law models concentration changes over time and is applied to an example of carburization diffusion. Tables of error function values and diffusion data are also included.

Uploaded by

Mahlatse
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EXAMPLE 1: Boltzmann equation for metallic crystal lattice

EXAMPLE 2: Arrhenius equation for metallic crystal lattice

Suppose that interstitial atoms are found to move from one site to another at the rates of 5x108
jumps/s at 500°C and 8 x1010 jumps/s at 800°C. Calculate the activation energy Q for the
process.

Rate = coexp(-Q/RT),
Co is the constant, Q is the activation energy (cal/mol), R is a gas constant (1.987cal/mol.k); T
is the absolute temperature (K)

EXAMPLE 3: Fick’s 1st Law

𝑑𝑐 𝑐2−𝑐1
𝐽 = −𝐷 𝑑𝑥 = −𝐷 (𝑥2−𝑥1)
EXAMPLE 4: Diffusivity or Diffusion Coefficient (D)

At 300ºC the diffusion coefficient and activation energy for Cu in Si are


-11 2
D(300ºC) = 7.8 x 10 m /s
Qd = 41.5 kJ/mol

What is the diffusion coefficient at 350ºC?

Temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient is given by:


−𝑄
𝐷2 = 𝐷1 exp ( 𝑅𝑇 )

EXAMPLE 5: Fick’s 2nd Law


An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated
temperature and in an atmosphere that gives a surface carbon concentration constant at 1.0
wt%. If after 49.5 h the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 4.0 mm below the
surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out.

dCx d  dcx 
= D 
dt dx  dx 

Solution:

Cs − C x  x 
= erf 
Cs − C0  2 Dt 

Gaussian error function (erf) = z


𝑥
𝑒𝑟𝑓 = 𝑧 = 2√𝐷𝑡

Table 1: Tabulation of Error Function Values


Table 2: Diffusion Data

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