#include<stdio.

h>
#include<math.h>

//[Link] divisibility method

/*int main(){
int x;
printf("enter a number : ");
scanf("%d", &x);

printf("%d", x % 2 == 0);
//(if divisible ,then output=1(means true) & if not divisible ,then
output=0(means false).)

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a program to check even OR odd

/*int main(){
//even - 1
//odd - 0

int x;
printf("enter a number : ");
scanf("%d", &x);
printf("%d", x % 2 == 0);
return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a program to check for two digit number.

/*int main(){
int x;
printf("enter number : ");
scanf("%d", &x);
printf("%d", x>9 && x<100);
//(if output is 1-it's true & if output is 0-it's false)

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a program to print the average of numbers.

/*int main(){
int x,y,z;

printf("enter 1st number : ");

scanf("%d", &x);

printf("enter 2nd number : ");

scanf("%d", &y);
 printf("enter 3rd number : ");
scanf("%d", &z);

printf("Average is : %d", (x+y+z)/3);

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a program for checking adolescent & the work they can do.
/*int main(){
int age;
printf("Enter your age : ");
scanf("%d", &age);

if(age > 18){

printf("Yes,you are adult \n");
printf("You can vote \n");
printf("You can drive \n");
}
//(if you have one statement in if or else,then you can also use witout
{},but you always use{}.)

else{
printf("No,you are not adult \n");
}

printf("Thank you");
return 0;
}*/

//5.(2nd method by ternary oprator.) - *very important*

/*int main(){
int age;
printf("enter your age : ");
scanf("%d", &age);

age >= 18 ? printf("You are adult \n") : printf("You are not adult \n");
return 0;
}*/

//[Link] for child,teenager,adult.

/*int main(){
int age;
printf("enter your age : ");
scanf("%d", &age);

if(age >= 18){

printf("You are a adult \n");
 }

else if(age > 13 && age <18){

printf("You are a teenager \n");
}
//1st statement mai if & last statement mai else fix h.,but bich mai koi
v statement aaye us mai (else if) use hoga.

else{
printf("You are a child");
}
return 0;
}*/

//[Link] for days

/*int main(){
int day; //(1-monday; 2-tuesday; 3-wednesday; 4-thursday; 5-friday; 6-
saturday; 7-sunday)
printf("Enter day(1-7) of week : ");
scanf("%d", &day);

switch (day){
case 1 : printf("It's Monday \n");
break;
case 2 : printf("It's Tuesday \n");
break;
case 3 : printf("It's Wednesday \n");
break;
case 4 : printf("It's Thursday \n");
break;
case 5 : printf("It's Friday \n");
break;
case 6 : printf("It's Saturday \n");
break;
case 7 : printf("It's Sunday \n");
break;

//(you can switch any case in any place,but default is

last)

default : printf("It's Not valid");

break;//(after default break is not nessesary)
}
return 0;
}*/

//[Link] k under if then,else & else k under if then,else wala system....

/*int main(){
 int number;
printf("enter a number : ");
scanf("%d", &number);

if(number >= 0 ){
printf("It's +ve \n");
if(number % 2 == 0 ){
printf("It's even \n");
} else {
printf("It's odd \n");
}

} else {
printf("It's -ve \n");
if(number % 2 == 0 ){
printf("It's -ve even \n");
} else {
printf("It's -ve odd \n");
}
}

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a program to check if a student passed or failed.

/*int main(){
int marks;
printf("Enter your marks : ");
scanf("%d", &marks);

if(marks > 30 ){
printf("You are pass. \n");
printf("Congratulations \n");
} else {
printf("You are fail. \n");
printf("Focus on your study \n");
}
return 0;
}*/
//(you can also write in short by ternary oprator.) *very important*
/*int main(){
int marks;
printf("Enter your marks : ");
scanf("%d", &marks);

marks > 30 ? printf("You are pass. \n"),printf("Congratulations. \n") :

printf("You are fail. \n"),printf("Still focus on your study. \n");
 return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a program for giving grade to the student.*very important*

/*int main(){
int marks;
printf("Enter your marks(0-100) : ");
scanf("%d", &marks);

if(marks == 100 ){
printf("You are pass with 1st [Link] with distinction \n");
printf("Your grade is A+ \n");
printf("Outstanding \n");
}

else if(marks > 90 ){

printf("You are pass with 1st [Link] with distinction \n");
printf("Your grade is A+ \n");
printf("Excellent \n");
}
else if(marks <=90 && marks > 80){
printf("You are pass with 1st [Link] with distinction \n");
printf("Your grade is A \n");
printf("Very good \n");
}
else if(marks <= 80 && marks >= 75){
printf("You are pass with 1st [Link] with distinction \n");
printf("Your grade is B+ \n");
printf("Good \n");
}
else if(marks < 75 && marks > 70){
printf("You are pass with 1st division \n");
printf("Your grade is B+ \n");
printf("Good \n");
}
else if(marks <=70 && marks > 60){
printf("You are pass with 1st division \n");
printf("Your grade is B \n");
printf("Above average \n");
}
else if(marks == 60){
printf("You are pass with 1st division \n");
printf("Your grade is C+ \n");
printf("Average \n");
}
else if(marks < 60 && marks > 50){
printf("You are pass with 2nd division \n");
printf("Your grade is C+ \n");
 printf("Average \n");
}
else if(marks == 50){
printf("You are pass with 2nd division \n");
printf("Your grade is C \n");
printf("Below average \n");
}
else if(marks < 50 && marks > 40){
printf("You are pass with 3rd division \n");
printf("Your grade is C \n");
printf("Below average \n");
}
else if(marks <=40 && marks > 30){
printf("You are pass with 3rd division \n");
printf("Your grade is D+ \n");
printf("Pass \n");
}
else if(marks == 30){
printf("You are pass with 3rd division \n");
printf("You are just pass \n");
printf("Focus on your study \n");
}
else if(marks < 30) {
printf("You are fail \n");
printf("Focus on your study & work hard \n");
printf("Away from mobile \n");
}

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] system
//OR print number from 1 to 10
/*int main(){
for(int i=1; i<=10; i=i+1){
//(**Very Important**)
//(if i<=10 part is missing, then infinite loop system is
[Link] mack you memorey ful,untill it crush..)
//(i=i+1 OR i += 1 both are same.)*
//( + means each time value is increases by 1,then always use <= till
how many times.)

printf("%d \n", i);

}

return 0;
}*/
//[Link] the numbers from 0 to n, if n is given by user
/*int main(){
int n;
printf("enter a numer : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for(int i=0; i<=n; i=i+1){

printf("%d \n", i);
}

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] table for any number(**Very important**)

/*int main(){
int n;
printf("enter a number for creating table of the number : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){

printf("%d \n", n*i);
}

return 0;
}*/

//(another method)
/*int sum(int a, int b);
void printTable(int n);

int main(){
int n;
printf("Enter a number for creating table : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printTable(n); //argument/actual parameter

return 0;
}

int sum(int x, int y){

return x + y;
}

void printTable(int n){//parameter/formal parameter

for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){
printf("%d \n", i*n);
}
}*/

//[Link] taking numbers as input from user until user an odd number.
/*int main(){
int n;
do{
printf("enter a number : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("%d \n", n);

if(n % 2 !=0){
break;
}
}while(1);
printf("You enter a odd number, that's why it's stop. \n");
printf("Thank You.");

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] skipping any number from counting no.

/*int main(){
for(int i=1; i<=7; i++){
if(i == 3){
//skip 3 from counting no.
continue;
}
printf("%d \n", i);
}

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] to print all no. before entered number,which is given by user

/*int main(){
int n;
printf("Enter any number to get all no. before entered no. : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

if(i == n){
//skip n from counting no.
continue;
}
printf("%d \n", i);
}

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] all the odd numbers from 5 to 50.

/*int main(){
for(int i=5; i<=50; i++){
if(i % 2 != 0){
printf("%d \n", i);
}
}
return 0;
}*/

//[Link] of a number n.
/*int main(){
int n;
printf("Enter a number to get factorial of the number : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

int fact = 1;
for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){
fact = fact * i;
}
printf("Final factorial is %d", fact);

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a function that prints Namaste if user is Indian & Bonjour if the
user is french.
//(declaration/prototype)
/*void Namaste();
void Bonjour();

int main(){
printf("Enter f for French & i for Indian : "); //(function call)
char ch;
scanf("%c", &ch);

if(ch=='i'){
Namaste();
} else{
Bonjour();
}

return 0;
}

void Namaste(){
 printf("Namaste \n");
}

void Bonjour(){
printf("Bonjour \n");
}

//(function definition)
void printHello(){
printf("Hello! \n");
printf("Goodbye \n");
}*/

//[Link] calculating final price(include GST).

/*void calculatePrice(float value);

int main(){
float value = 100.0;
calculatePrice(value);
printf("Original value is : %f\n", value);
return 0;
}

void calculatePrice(float value){

value = value + (0.18 * value);
printf("Final price(including GST) is : %f\n", value);
}*/

//[Link] calculating final price(include GST), if price is given by user.

//(**Very Very important**)
/*void calculatePrice(int n);

int main(){
int n;
printf("Enter orginal price to get GST included price : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

calculatePrice(n);
printf("Original value is : %d\n", n);
return 0;
}

void calculatePrice(int n){

n = n + (0.18 * n);
printf("Final price(including GST) is : %d\n", n);
}*/
//[Link] square/cube(power of any number),in which number is given by
user.
/*int main(){
int n;
printf("Enter a number to geeting square of the number : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

printf("%f", pow(n, 3));

}*/

//[Link] factorial of number.

/*int fact(int n);

int main(){
printf("Factorial is : %d", fact(5));
return 0;
}
int fact(int n){

//base case 'V' is very imp to stop the program.

if (n==0){
return 1;
}
int factNm1 = fact(n-1);
int factN = factNm1 * n;
return factN;
}*/

//[Link] celsius to fahrenheit

/*float convertTemp(float celsius);

int main(){
float far = convertTemp(37);
printf("farhrenheight is : %f", far);
return 0;
}

float convertTemp(float celsius){

float far = celsius * (9.0/5.0) + 32;
return far;
}*/

//[Link] percentage of marks obtained.

/*int calcPercentage(int science, int math, int sanskrit);

int main(){
int science = 98;
int math = 95;
 int sanskrit = 99;

printf("percentage is : %d", calcPercentage(science, math, sanskrit));

return 0;
}

int calcPercentage(int science, int math, int sankrit){

return((science + math + sankrit) / 3);
}*/

//25.(Write a function to calculate the sum, product & average of 2

[Link] that average in the main function.)
/*void doWork(int a, int b, int *sum, int *product, int *avg);

int main(){
int a = 3, b = 5;
int sum, product, avg;
doWork(a, b, &sum, &product, &avg);

printf(" sum = %d\n product = %d\n avg = %d\n", sum, product, avg);
return 0;
}

void doWork(int a, int b, int *sum, int *product, int *avg){

*sum = a+b;
*product = a*b;
*avg = (a+b)/2;
}*/

//[Link] a program to enter price of 3 items & print their final cost with
GST.
/*int main(){
float price[3];
printf("Enter all 3 prices : ");
scanf("%f", &price[0]);
scanf("%f", &price[1]);
scanf("%f", &price[2]);

printf("Total price 1st : %f\n", price[0]+(0.18*price[0]));

printf("Total price 2nd : %f\n", price[1]+(0.18*price[1]));
printf("Total price 3rd : %f\n", price[2]+(0.18*price[2]));

return 0;
}*/

//[Link] a given arrey (int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5}) ,what will the following
gives?
//a. *(arr+2) b. *(arr+4)
/*int countOdd(int arr[], int n);

int main(){
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printf("%d \n", *(arr+2));
printf("%d \n", *(arr+4));

return 0;
}

int countOdd(int arr[], int n){

int count = 0;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
if(arr[i] % 2 != 0){ //odd
count++;
}
}

return count;
}*/

//[Link] marks of two student of three student

/*int main(){
//2 x 3
int marks[2][3];
marks[0][0] = 98;
marks[0][1] = 89;
marks[0][2] = 78;

marks[1][0] = 90;
marks[1][1] = 89;
marks[1][2] = 78;

printf("%d", marks[0][0]);//[0][0] is 1st student & 1st subject marks

}*/

//[Link] a function to reverse an array

/*void reverse(int arr[], int n);
void printArr(int arr[], int n);

int main(){
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
reverse(arr, 5);
//printArr(arr, 5);
return 0;
}

void printArr(int arr[], int n){

 for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
printf("%d\t", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}

void reverse(int arr[], int n){

for(int i=0; i<n/2; i++){
int firstVal = arr[i];
int secondVal = arr[n-i-1];
arr[i] = secondVal;
arr[n-i-1] = firstVal;
}
}*/
/*int main(){
char star = '*';
printf("Enter any letter of english alphabate");
scanf("%c", &star);

if((ch >= 'a') & (ch <= 'z')){

if(ch == a,e,i,o,u)
{
printf("letter is vowel");
}
if{
printf("letter is constant");
}
}
else{
printf("not a english letter");
}
}*/

//create a arry, storing the tables of 2 & 3.

/*void storeTables(int arr[][10], int n, int m, int number);

int main(){
int tables[2][10];
storeTables(tables, 0, 10, 2);
storeTables(tables, 1, 10, 3);

for(int i=0; i<10; i++){ //loop for 0 to 10

printf("%d\t", tables[0][i]);
}

printf("\n");

for(int i=0; i<10; i++){ //loop for 0 to 10

 printf("%d\t", tables[1][i]);
}
return 0;
}

void storeTables(int arr[][10], int n, int m, int number)

{
for(int i=0; i<m; i++){ //loop for 0 to 10
arr[n][i] = number*(i+1); //2, 4, 6, 8, 10...
//arr[0][0] arr[0][1] arr[0][2]...
}
}*/

//create a string firstname & lastName to store detials of user & print all
the characters using a loop.

/*void printString(char arr[]);

int main(){
char firstName[] = "Imran";
char lastName[] ="Ali";

printstring(firstName);
printString(lastName);

return 0;
}

void printString(char arr[]){

for(int i=0; arr[i] != '\0'; i++){
printf("%c", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}*/

/*void printString(char arr[]);

int main(){
char str[100];
fgets(str, 100, stdin);
puts(str);

return 0;
}

void printstring(char arr[]){

for(int i=0; arr[i] !='\0'; i++){
printf("%c", arr[i]);
 }
printf("\n");
}*/

/*void printString(char arr[]);

int main(){
char *canChange = "Hello Imran";
puts(canChange);
canChange = "Hello";
puts(canChange);
return 0;
}

void printString(char arr[]){

for(int i=0; arr[i] !='\0'; i++){
printf("%c", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}*/

//print lenght of word, given by user

/*void printString(char arr[]);
int countLength(char arr[]);

int main(){
char name[100];
fgets(name, 100, stdin);
printf("length is : %d", countLength(name));
return 0;
}

int countLength(char arr[]){

int count = 0;
for(int i=0; arr[i] !='\0'; i++){
count++;
}
return count-1;//-1 bcz of '\0' is also count by compiler
}

void printString(char arr[]){

for(int i=0; arr[i] !='\0'; i++){
printf("%c", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}*/

//standard library functions

#include<string.h>

/*void printString(char arr[]);

int countLength(char arr[]);

int main(){
char name[] = "Imran";
int length = strlen(name);
printf("length is : %d", length);
return 0;
}

int countLength(char arr[]){

int count = 0;
for(int i=0; arr[i] !='\0'; i++){
count++;
}
return count-1;//-1 bcz of '\0' is also count by compiler
}

void printString(char arr[]){

for(int i=0; arr[i] !='\0'; i++){
printf("%c", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}*/

/*void printSteing(char arr[]);

int countlength(char arr[]);

int main(){
char oldStr[] = "oldStr";
char newStr[] = "newString";
strcpy(newStr, oldStr);
puts(newStr);
}*/

/*void printString(char arr[]);

int countLength(char arr[]);

int main(){
char firstStr[100] = "Hello";
char secString[] = "IMran";
strcat(firstStr, secString);
puts(firstStr);
}*/

//check wether a year is leap or not.

/*int main(){
int year;
printf("enter a leap year : ");
scanf("%d",&year);
if(year % 100 != 0 && year % 4 == 0){
printf("leap year");
}
else{
printf("Not a leap year");
}
return 0;
}*/

//check weather a triangle is valid or not by ussing sum of two sides is

greatrer than 3rd sides.
/*int main(){
int side1, side2, side3, largeside, sum;
printf("enter three sides of the triangle : ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&side1,&side2,&side3);
if(side1>side2){
if(side1>side3){
sum=side2+side3; largeside = side1;
}
else{
sum=side2+side1; largeside = side3;
}
}

else{
if(side2>side3){
sum=side1+side3; largeside = side2;
}
else{
sum=side1+side2; largeside = side3;
}
}

if(sum>largeside){
printf("the triangle is a valid triangle\n");
}
else{
printf("the triangle is an invalid triangle\n");
}

return 0;
}*/
//find the salted form of a password entered by user if the salt is "123" &
added at the end.
/*void salting(char password[]);

int main(){
char password[100];
scanf("%s", password);
salting(password);
}

void salting(char password[]){

char salt[] = "123";
char newPassword[200];

strcpy(newPassword, password);//Password = "Test"

strcat(newPassword,salt);//newPassword = "test" + "123"
puts(newPassword);
}*/

//write a function named slice, which takes a string & returns a slice string
from index n to m.
/*void slice(char str[], int n, int m);

int main(){
char str[] = "HelloWorld";
slice(str, 3, 6);
}

void slice(char str[], int n, int m){ // n & m are valid value
char newStr[100];
int j = 0;
for(int i=n; i<=m; i++, j++){
newStr[j] = str[i];
}
newStr[j] = '\0';
puts(newStr);
}*/

//write a function to count the occurrence of vawels in a string.

/*int countVowels(char str[]);

int main(){
char str[] = "HelloImran";
printf("Vowels are : %d", countVowels(str));
}

int countVowels(char str[]){

int count = 0;
 for(int i=0; str[i] != '\0'; i++){
if(str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'o' ||
str[i] == 'u'){
count++;
}
}
return count;
}*/

//collecting student data.

/*struct student{
int roll;
float cgpa;
char name[100];
};

int main(){
struct student s1;
[Link] = 1664;
[Link] = 9.2;
strcpy([Link], "Imran");

printf("Student name = %s\n", [Link]);

printf("Student roll no. = %d\n", [Link]);
printf("Student cgpa = %f\n", [Link]);

printf("\n");

struct student s2;

[Link] = 1660;
[Link] = 8.7;
strcpy([Link], "Anjum");

printf("Student name = %s\n", [Link]);

printf("Student roll n0. = %d\n", [Link]);
printf("Student cgpa = %f\n", [Link]);

return 0;
}*/

//another method
/*struct student{
char name[100];
int roll;
float cgpa;
};
int main(){
struct student s1 = {"Imran", 1662, 9.2};
printf("student name = %s\nstudent roll = %d\nstudent cgpa = %f\n",
[Link], [Link], [Link]);

printf("\n");

struct student s2 = {"Anjum", 1660, 8.7};

printf("student name = %s\nstudent roll = %d\nstudent cgpa = %f\n",
[Link], [Link], [Link]);

return 0;
}*/

//Enter address(house no., block, city, state) of 2 people.

/*struct address{
int houseNo;
int block;
char city[100];
char state[100];
};

void printAdd(struct address add);

int main(){
struct address adds[2];
//for input
printf("Enter info for person 1 : ");
scanf("%d", &adds[0].houseNo);
scanf("%d", &adds[0].block);
scanf("%s", adds[0].city);
scanf("%s", adds[0].state);

printf("Enter info for person 2 : ");

scanf("%d", &adds[1].houseNo);
scanf("%d", &adds[1].block);
scanf("%s", adds[1].city);
scanf("%s", adds[1].state);

printAdd(adds[0]);
printAdd(adds[1]);

return 0;
}

void printAdd(struct address add){

printf("address is %d, %d, %s, %s\n",
[Link],[Link],[Link],[Link]);
}*/

//create a structure to store vectors. then make a function to return sum of

2 vectors.
/*struct vector{
int x;
int y;
};

void calcSum(struct vector v1,struct vector v2,struct vector sum);

int main(){
struct vector v1 = {5, 10};
struct vector v2 = {3, 7};
struct vector sum = {0};

calcSum(v1, v2, sum);

return 0;
}

void calcSum(struct vector v1,struct vector v2,struct vector sum)

{
sum.x = v1.x + v2.x;
sum.y = v1.y + v2.y;

printf("sum of x component is : %d\n", sum.x);

printf("sum of y component is : %d\n", sum.y);
}*/

//make a structure tomstore Bank account information of a customer of ABC

bank. also make an alias for it.
/*typedef struct bankAccount {
int accountNo;
char name[100];
} acc;

int main(){
acc acc1 = {123, "Imran"};
acc acc2 = {124, "Anjum"};
acc acc3 = {125, "Gulnar"};

printf("Acc no. = %d\nAcc holder name = %s\n", [Link],

[Link]);

printf("Acc no. = %d\nAcc holder name = %s\n", [Link],

[Link]);
 printf("Acc no. = %d\nAcc holder name = %s\n", [Link],
[Link]);

return 0;
}*/

//make a program to read 5 integers from a file.

/*int main(){
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("[Link]", "r");

int n;
fscanf(fptr, "%d", &n);
printf("Number = %d\n", n);

fscanf(fptr, "%d", &n);

printf("Number = %d\n", n);

fscanf(fptr, "%d", &n);

printf("Number = %d\n", n);

fscanf(fptr, "%d", &n);

printf("Number = %d\n", n);

fscanf(fptr, "%d", &n);

printf("Number = %d\n", n);

fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}*/

//make a program to input student information from a user & enter it to a

file.
/*int main(){
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("[Link]", "w");

char name[100];
int roll;
float cgpa;

printf("Enter name : ");

scanf("%s", name);

printf("Enter roll no. : ");

scanf("%d", &roll);

printf("Enter cgpa : ");

 scanf("%f", &cgpa);

fprintf(fptr, "Name = %s\n", name);

fprintf(fptr, "Roll No. = %d\n", roll);
fprintf(fptr, "CGPA = %f", cgpa);

fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}*/

//write a program to write all the odd numbers from 1 to n in a file.

/*int main(){
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("[Link]", "w");

int n;
printf("Enter n to get all odd number until n : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

if(i % 2 != 0){
fprintf(fptr, "%d\t", i);
}
}

fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}*/

//2 number a & b are written in a file. write a program to replace them with
their sum.
/*int main(){
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen("[Link]", "r");

int a;
fscanf(fptr, "%d", &a);
int b;
fscanf(fptr, "%d", &b);

fclose(fptr);

fptr = fopen("[Link]", "w");

fprintf(fptr, "%d", a+b);
fclose(fptr);
return 0;
}*/