A manual for the preparation of

Rural Engineering Project

Department of Civil & Rural Engineering

Nepal Engineering College
Pokhara University
Nepal

December, 2019
 Preface

This manual is prepared with the intention to bring uniformity in the reports prepared by
the students of Civil and Rural Engineering Department during Rural Engineering Project
I, Rural Engineering Project II and Rural Engineering Project III (Final Year Project) as
per the requisite of the syllabus.

I hope this guideline will be helpful to the students for preparing reports and to the
faculties for maintaining uniformity in such works.

I would like to thank Asst. Prof. Anish Ghimire (Phd), Research Coordinator of nec-CPS,
Er. Yaman Dhakal, Head of Department and all other faculties of Civil & Rural
Engineering Department for valuable support for preparing this manual. Special thanks go
to Asst. Prof. Sanjeev Bikram Shah and Asst. Prof. Manoj Paudel for proofreading and
comments.

Er. Dharma Raj Bagale December, 2019

Assistant Professor │Project Coordinator
Department of Civil & Rural Engineering
Nepal Engineering College (nec)
Changunarayan, Bhaktapur
Nepal

1
Formatting and Requirements (except cover page, and title page)

1. Length of Report: There is no limitation to the length of the report. It depends

entirely on the theme of the project work. It is necessary to consult with the project
advisor for the comprehensiveness of text, its flow and logics. Always incorporate
only the important contexts do not include the unreasonable and unnecessary text.

2. Language: English

3. Paper specifications
a. Colour: White
b. Size: 21 cm x 29.7 cm (A4)
4. Typing
a. Left margin: 3 cm (1.25 inches)
b. Right margin: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
c. Top margin: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
d. Bottom margin: 2.5 cm (1 inch)
e. Spacing: Single line spacing
f. Side: Front (Single side)
g. Font size: 12 (can be adjusted in tables and figures so that one table/figure can fit
in one page; Chapter headings should have font size of 14)
h. Font type: Times New Roman (even in tables and figures)
i. Font style: Regular
j. Font colour: Black
k. Breaking a word in two lines: Not allowed
l. Corrections with fluid: Not allowed
m. Overwriting: Not allowed

2
 Part A: Rural Engineering Project I

Course Objectives: The course intended to enable the students to be familiar, distinguish
and write the general and technical reports and proposals. The major objectives of the
course are:
 To enable the student for identifying problems in some field of Civil Engineering
in rural areas
 To promote students for collecting some sort of relevant data and prepare proposal
for addressing the issue
 To impart skill for writing a proposal on the identified problem after the
preliminary study
 To develop the skills of oral presentation; make them able to prepare seminar
papers, workshop papers and poster designing

Order and Content of Proposal

A. Pretext (Preliminary Pages) – It should contain following headings:

1. Cover page: This page should give information about title of the project, name of the
students, name of the institute, and month and year of project completion. Information
on font type, font size, font colour, page margin and spacing between the lines is
provided in the sample supplied as Appendix 1. Pagination should start from this
page, but should not appear in the page.

2. Acknowledgements: This is the section of the report to express gratitude to all the
individuals or the institutions that helped you to conduct your study. Usually, advisors
are acknowledged first followed by funding agencies. Similarly, professors,
classmates/friends, staffs of the college/institutions, from whom you received
guidance/suggestions/support, should also be acknowledged. In the case you have
conducted field survey; respondents should be acknowledged for their precious time
consumed during the field survey as well as the valuable information. This is a matter
of courtesy but don’t overdo it.

3. Table of contents (with title and page references): This page provides information
to the readers about the composition of the whole project report as well as location of
different sections and sub-sections in the report. Hence, this section of the report
should include the chapter, section and sub-section headings with appropriate page
reference (See Appendix 5). It should be placed next to the acknowledgements sheet.
Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create Table of
Contents more easily.

4. List of tables (with titles and page references): This page provides information to
the readers about the details of the tables provided in the report along with their page
numbers. Numbering of tables should reflect on which chapter the table belongs to
(See Appendix 6). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to
create List of Tables more easily.

5. List of figures (with titles and page references): This page provides information to
the readers about the details of the figures provided in the report along with their page
numbers. Numbering of figures should reflect on which chapter the figure belongs to

3
 (See Appendix 7). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create
List of figures more easily.

6. List of appendices (with titles and page references): This page provides
information to the readers about the details of the appendices provided in the report
along with their page numbers. Its numbering can be done in normal sequence (See
Appendix 8). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create
List of appendices more easily.

7. Abbreviations/Acronyms: This section provides the list of abbreviation and

acronyms used in the report along with their details. It should be presented in
alphabetical order (See Appendix 9).

B. Text: It is a main body of the report dealing particularly with Chapters starting from
INTRODUCTION followed by LITERATURE REVIEW, METHODOLOGY
and STUDY PLAN. Heading of all the chapters should be uppercased (ALL CAPS).

1. INTRODUCTION: This chapter should discuss the background of the study

objectives, rationale of the project, significance of the study, and scope and limitation
of the study. Introduction must revolve around the issue to be dealt by the project.

1.1 Background: Brief background of the issues should be discussed under the
background section. It should be done in the form of brief literature review of related
literatures, which is essential to build objectives and rationale in the later part of
INTRODUCTION chapter.

1.2 Objectives: This section should clearly mention what you want to achieve from the
project work. Usually objectives are presented as general objective and specific
objectives. The general objective of project should be only one and should be in line with
the title. To meet the general objective, several specific objectives could be set.

1.3 Rationale of the project: This section should contain

 Why are you carrying out this project work?
 What problems do your project/study expects to solve?

1.4 Scope and limitations: The scope should address the extent of your work,
methodology and findings. State if there were any limitations (time, data, field visits,
laboratory work, modelling, etc.) and what could and what could not be included.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Describe at least 5-6 references which are relevant to

your study. State the findings and recommendations discussed in these references.
This section should provide a strong back-up to your work. Your literature review
should be general to specific to your study.

3. METHODOLOGY: This chapter includes the discussion about the way you
conducted your project in order to meet the objectives. Selected methodology should
be discussed in details along with the justification of selecting the methodology. It
should include study area, data collection methods, data analysis and design.

4
4. STUDY PLAN: This chapter includes the schedule of study and estimated budget
necessary to carry out the study. This should be presented in Gantt chart.

5. REFERENCE: You often need to provide evidence and support your arguments
while writing the report/proposal. This needs to be done by referring to earlier
publications such as journals, books, reports, theses and other materials from the
internet. Hence, referencing is to give credit to the authors or organizations for using
their work in your proposal. It provides the reader with evidence of the breadth and
depth of your reading and enables them to locate the references easily. It is also
necessary to avoid being accused of plagiarism, which is an academic offense and can
have a negative impact on the evaluation of your study. The followings are the rules
for references:

It is strongly recommended to follow the Harvard Style of Referencing for the thesis
submitted to Department of Civil & Rural Engineering;
[Link]

5
 Part B: Rural Engineering Project II
Course Objectives: this course is intended to the students to define project
implementation approach, stakeholder community, and impacts of the project on
economy, society, environment, and technology. The major objectives of the course are:
 To enable students to summarize project proposals and formulate implementation
steps.
 To enable students to know the impact of civil engineering projects in rural areas,
 To enable students to communicate with stakeholders on project matters.
 To impart skill for writing report on: ongoing or completed projects including the
following theme
o project rationale
o identification of stakeholders
o responsibilities of stakeholders
o project impact on society, economy, technology, environment
 To make students familiar with bask computer techniques for report writing and
presentation.
 To make students familiar to work in a team,
 To develop the skills of oral presentation; make them able to prepare seminar
workshop papers and poster designing

Order and Content of Report

A. Pretext (Preliminary Pages) – It should contain following headings:

1. Cover page: This page should give information about title of the project, name of the
students, name of the institute, and month and year of project completion. Information
on font type, font size, font colour, page margin and spacing between the lines is
provided in the sample supplied as Appendix 2. Pagination should start from this
page, but should not appear in the page.

2. Abstract: Abstract is compulsory. In the case there is dedication, pagination of this

page would be “iii” otherwise it should be “ii”. The heading ABSTRACT, in capital
letters and bold should be centred between the left and right margins, without
punctuating or underlining. Four blank spaces should be maintained before starting
the paragraph (See Appendix 3).

Abstract should present a succinct account of your work. It should contain objective
of the study, methods, results, discussions, conclusions and recommendation, but in
brief limited within a page or two pages. Hence, be a concise reflection of the entire
study. It should be written in simple English. Internal heading, citation(s),
mathematical formula(s), diagrams/figure(s), table(s), and other illustrative material(s)
must be avoided in ABSTRACT.

3. Acknowledgements: This is the section of the report to express gratitude to all the
individuals or the institutions that helped you to successfully conduct your study.
Usually, advisors are acknowledged first followed by funding agencies. Similarly,
professors, classmates/friends, staffs of the college/institutions, from whom you
received guidance/suggestions/support, should also be acknowledged. In the case you
have conducted field survey; respondents should be acknowledged for their precious

6
 time consumed during the field survey as well as the valuable information. This is a
matter of courtesy but don’t overdo it.

4. Table of contents (with title and page references): This page provides information
to the readers about the composition of the whole project report as well as location of
different sections and sub-sections in the report. Hence, this section of the report
should include the chapter, section and sub-section headings with appropriate page
reference (See Appendix 5). It should be placed next to the acknowledgements sheet.
Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create Table of
Contents more easily.

5. List of tables (with titles and page references): This page provides information to
the readers about the details of the tables provided in the report along with their page
numbers. Numbering of tables should reflect on which chapter the table belongs to
(See Appendix 6). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to
create List of Tables more easily.

6. List of figures (with titles and page references): This page provides information to
the readers about the details of the figures provided in the report along with their page
numbers. Numbering of figures should reflect on which chapter the figure belongs to
(See Appendix 7). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create
List of Figures more easily.

7. List of appendices (with titles and page references): This page provides
information to the readers about the details of the appendices provided in the report
along with their page numbers. Its numbering can be done in normal sequence (See
Appendix 8). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create
List of Appendices more easily.

8. Abbreviations/Acronyms: This section provides the list of abbreviation and

acronyms used in the report along with their details. It should be presented in
alphabetical order (See Appendix 9).

B. Text: It is a main body of the report dealing particularly with Chapters starting from
INTRODUCTION followed by LITERATURE REVIEW, METHODOLOGY,
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS and CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS. Heading of all the chapters should be uppercased (ALL
CAPS).

1. INTRODUCTION: This chapter should discuss the background of the study

objectives, rationale of the project, significance of the study, and scope and limitation
of the study. Introduction must revolve around the issue to be dealt by the project.

1.1 Background: Brief background of the issues should be discussed under the
background section. It should be done in the form of brief literature review of related
literatures, which is essential to build objectives and rationale in the later part of
INTRODUCTION chapter.

1.2 Objectives: This section should clearly mention what you want to achieve from the
project work. Usually objectives are presented as general objective and specific

7
 objectives. The general objective of project should be only one and should be in line with
the title. To meet the general objective, several specific objectives could be set.

1.3 Rational of the project: This section should contain

 Why are you carrying out this project work?
 What problems do your project/study expects to solve?

1.4 Scope and limitations: The scope should address the extent of your work,
methodology and findings. State if there were any limitations (time, data, field visits,
laboratory work, modelling, etc.) and what could and what could not be included.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Describe at least 5-6 references which are relevant to

your study. State the findings and recommendations discussed in these references.
This section should provide a strong back-up to your work. Your literature review
should be general to specific to your study.

3. METHODOLOGY: This chapter includes the discussion about the way you
conducted your project in order to meet the objectives. Selected methodology should
be discussed in details along with the justification of selecting the methodology. It
should include study area, data collection methods, data analysis and design.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This chapter should present the findings of the
study in line with the specific objectives. The causal factors behind the findings
should be discussed in relation to other variables under consideration in the study
based on Focused Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) or
literature reviews.

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Conclusion is integration of

various issues covered in the body of the text. It should discuss the meaning of all of
it. Conclusion includes noting any implications resulting from the discussing and
making policy recommendation as well as the need for further study. Hence, the
conclusion should be a logical ending to what has been previously been discussed. It
must pull together all parts of the argument and refer the reader back to the focus you
have outlined in your introduction and to the central topic. Never present any new
information in this section. Thus, conclusion and recommendation of the study must
be limited within the scope of the study. It should be based only on the findings of the
study and unnecessary general conclusion and recommended must be avoided.

6. REFERENCE: You often need to provide evidence and support your arguments
while writing the report. This needs to be done by referring to earlier publications
such as journals, books, reports, theses and other materials from the internet. Hence,
referencing is to give credit to the authors or organizations for using their work in
your study. It provides the reader with evidence of the breadth and depth of your
reading and enables them to locate the references easily. It is also necessary to avoid
being accused of plagiarism, which is an academic offense and can have a negative
impact on the evaluation of your study. The followings are the rules for references:

It is strongly recommended to follow the Harvard Style of Referencing for the thesis
submitted to Department of Civil & Rural Engineering;
[Link]

8
C. Post-text: Post-text covers the sections of the report that comes after the REFERENCE
and includes appendix/appendices.

Appendix: Appendix is additional information apart from the main text that is attached to
the end of the report. It is basically supplementary in nature and is not stand alone. The
main purpose of an appendix is to further explain and clarify the matter, which otherwise
cannot be placed as a main text through there is reference to it in the main text. This
provides greater details and visual examples for better understanding of the main text in
the form of text, graph, or picture.

9
 Part C: Rural Engineering Project III (Final Year Project)
Order and content of Report
A. Pretext (Preliminary Pages) – It should contain following headings:
1. Cover page: This page should give information about title of the project, name of
author, name of the institute, and month and year of project completion. Information
on font type, font size, font colour, page margin and spacing between the lines is
provided in the sample supplied as Appendix 1.

2. Title page: Pagination should start from this page, but should not appear in the page.
All the information regarding this page can be seen in the sample supplied as
Appendix 2.

3. Abstract: Abstract is compulsory. In the case there is dedication, pagination of this

page would be “iii” otherwise it should be “ii”. The heading ABSTRACT, in capital
letters and bold should be centred between the left and right margins, without
punctuating or underlining. Four blank spaces should be maintained before starting
the paragraph (See Appendix 3).

Abstract should present a succinct account of your work. It should contain objective
of the study, methods, results, discussions, conclusions and recommendation, but in
brief limited within a page or two pages. Hence, be a concise reflection of the entire
study. It should be written in simple English. Internal heading, citation(s),
mathematical formula(s), diagrams/figure(s), table(s), and other illustrative material(s)
must be avoided in ABSTRACT.

4. Certificate: This page certifies that you have successfully completed the project work
and eligible for acceptance. This page is to be signed by the external examiner,
advisor and head of department. (See Appendix 4)

5. Acknowledgements: This is the section of the report to express gratitude to all the
individuals or the institutions that helped you to successfully conduct your study.
Usually, advisors are acknowledged first followed by funding agencies. Similarly,
professors, classmates/friends, staffs of the college/institutions, from whom you
received guidance/suggestions/support, should also be acknowledged. In the case you
have conducted field survey; respondents should be acknowledged for their precious
time consumed during the field survey as well as the valuable information. You can
also acknowledge your family member for their patience, support; dream whatsoever.
This is a matter of courtesy but don’t overdo it.

6. Table of contents (with title and page references): This page provides information
to the readers about the composition of the whole project report as well as location of
different sections and sub-sections in the report. Hence, this section of the report
should include the chapter, section and sub-section headings with appropriate page
reference (See Appendix 5). It should be placed next to the acknowledgements sheet.
Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to create Table of
Contents more easily.

7. List of tables (with titles and page references): This page provides information to
the readers about the details of the tables provided in the report along with their page

10
 numbers. Numbering of tables should reflect on which chapter the table belongs to
(See Appendix 6). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will help to
create List of Tables more easily.

8. List of figures (with titles and page references): This page provides information to
the readers about the details of the figures provided in the report along with their
location (page numbers). Numbering of figures should reflect on which chapter the
figure belongs to (See Appendix 7). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word
will help to create List of Figures more easily.

9. List of appendices (with titles and page references): This page provides
information to the readers about the details of the appendices provided in the report
along with their location (page numbers). Its numbering can be done in normal
sequence (See Appendix 8). Use of functions available in Microsoft Office Word will
help to create List of Appendices more easily.

10. Abbreviations/Acronyms: This section provides the list of abbreviation and

acronyms used in the report along with their details. It should be presented in
alphabetical order (See Appendix 9).

11. Salient Features: This section provides the major overview of the project in tabular
form.

B. Text: It is a main body of the report dealing particularly with Chapters starting from
INTRODUCTION followed by LITERATURE REVIEW, METHODOLOGY,
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS and CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS. Heading of all the chapters should be uppercase (ALL
CAPS).

1. INTRODUCTION: This chapter should discuss the background of the study

objectives, rationale of the project, significance of the study, and scope and limitation
of the study. Introduction must revolve around the issue to be dealt by the project.

1.1 Background: Brief background of the issues should be discussed under the
background section. It should be done in the form of brief literature review of related
literatures, which is essential to build objectives and rationale in the later part of
INTRODUCTION chapter.

1.2 Objectives: This section should clearly mention what you want to achieve from the
project work. Usually objective is presented as general objective and specific objectives.
The general objective of project should be only one and should be in line with the title.
To meet the general objective, several specific objectives could be set.

1.3 Rational of the project: This section should contain

 Why are you carrying out this project work?
 What problems do your project/study expects to solve?

1.4 Scope and limitations: The scope should address the extent of your work,
methodology and findings. State if there were any limitations (time, data, field visits,
laboratory work, modelling, etc.) and what could and what could not be included.

11
2. LITERATURE REVIEW: Describe at least 5-6 references which are relevant to
your study. State the findings and recommendations discussed in these references.
This section should provide a strong back-up to your work. Your literature review
should be general to specific to your study.

3. METHODOLOGY: This chapter includes the discussion about the way you
conducted your project in order to meet the objectives. Selected methodology should
be discussed in details along with the justification of selecting the methodology. It
should include study area, data collection methods, data analysis and design.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This chapter should present the findings of the
study in line with the specific objectives. The causal factors behind the findings
should be discussed in relation to other variables under consideration in the study
based on Focused Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) or
literature reviews.

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Conclusion is integration of

various issues covered in the body of the text. It should discuss the meaning of all of
it. Conclusion includes noting any implications resulting from the discussing and
making policy recommendation as well as the need for further study. Hence, the
conclusion should be a logical ending to what has been previously been discussed. It
must pull together all parts of the argument and refer the reader back to the focus you
have outlined in your introduction and to the central topic. Never present any new
information in this section. Thus, conclusion and recommendation of the study must
be limited within the scope of the study. It should be based only on the findings of the
study and unnecessary general conclusion and recommended must be avoided.

6. REFERENCE: You often need to provide evidence and support your arguments
while writing the report. This needs to be done by referring to earlier publications
such as journals, books, reports, theses and other materials from the internet. Hence,
referencing is to give credit to the authors or organizations for using their work in
your study. It provides the reader with evidence of the breadth and depth of your
reading and enables them to locate the references easily. It is also necessary to avoid
being accused of plagiarism, which is an academic offense and can have a negative
impact on the evaluation of your study. The followings are the rules for references:

It is strongly recommended to follow the Harvard Style of Referencing for the thesis
submitted to Department of Civil & Rural Engineering;
[Link]

C. Post-text: Post-text covers the sections of the report that comes after the REFERENCE
and includes appendix/appendices.

Appendix: Appendix is additional information apart from the main text that is attached to
the end of the report. The main purpose of an appendix is to further explain and clarify
the matter, which otherwise cannot be placed as a main text through there is reference to
it in the main text. This provides greater details and visual examples for better
understanding of the main text in the form of text, graph, or picture.

12
Appendix 1: Sample of cover page

1 inch top margin

DETAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BOKSHE KHOLA MICRO

HYDROPOWER PROJECT
(Times New Roman, 14 Pts, ALL CAPS, Bold)
(Balephi Rural Municipility Ward No.1, Sindhupalchok District)

3 blank line spaces

By

Deeg Bahadur Karki (014-811)

Paras Bikram Thapa (014-821)
Rupesh Thapa (014-837)
Nisha Niraula (014-842)

1 inch right margin

1.25 inches left margin
3 blank line spaces

3 blank line spaces

Department of Civil & Rural Engineering

Nepal Engineering College
Changunarayan, Bhaktapur, Nepal

July, 2019
1 inch bottom margin
No pagination
(Should not give a page number)

13
Appendix 2: Sample of Title Page

1 inches top margin

DETAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY OF BOKSHE KHOLA MICRO

HYDROPOWER PROJECT
(Times New Roman, 14 Pts, ALL CAPS, Bold)
(Balephi Rural Municipility Ward No.1, Sindhupalchok District)

3 blank line spaces

By

Deeg Bahadur Karki (014-811)

Paras Bikram Thapa (014-821)
Rupesh Thapa (014-837)
Nisha Niraula (014-842)
1 inch right margin
1.25 inches left margin
3 blank line spaces
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering (B.E.) in Civil & Rural Engineering awarded by Pokhara University

Advisor
Jr. Prof. Dharma Raj Bagale

3 blank line spaces

Department of Civil & Rural Engineering

Nepal Engineering College
Changunarayan, Bhaktapur, Nepal

July, 2019
1 Inches bottom margin
(Page number should not appear )

14
Appendix 3: Sample of Abstract

ABSTRACT
4 blank line space

Abstract is compulsory. The pagination of this page would be should be “ii”. The heading
ABSTRACT, in capital letters and bold should be centred between the left and right margins,
without punctuating or underlining. Four blank spaces should be maintained before starting
the paragraph. Standard page margin should be maintained.

Abstract should present a succinct account of the objective, rational, methods, results,
discussion, conclusions and recommendation, but in brief limited within a page or two
pages. It should be in simple English. Internal heading, citation(s), mathematical formula(s),
diagrams/figure(s), table(s), and other illustrative material(s) must be avoided in
ABSTRACT.

15
Appendix 4: Sample of Certificate

Certificate
(Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)
4 blank line spaces

This project entitled Detail Feasibility Study of Bokshe Khola Micro Hydropower
Project (Balephi Rural Municipility Ward No.1, Sindhupalchok District) prepared
and submitted by Deeg Bahadur Karki (014-811), Paras Bikram Thapa (014-821), Rupesh
Thapa (014-837), and Nisha Niraula (014-842) has been examined by us and is accepted
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) in Civil & Rural
Engineering by Pokhara University.
4 blank line spaces

[Name of the external examiner in Bold] ....................... ......................

External examiner
3 blank line spaces

Jr. Prof. Dharma Raj Bagale ....................... ......................

Advisor
3 blank line spaces

Jr. Prof. Yaman Dhakal ....................... ......................

Head of Department,
Department of Civil & Rural Engineering

16
Appendix 5: Sample of Table of Contents

Table of Contents
(Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)
3 blank line spaces
Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold) Page
Abstract ...............................................................................................................................ii
Certificate ...........................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................iv
Table of contents .................................................................................................................v
List of tables..................................................................................................................... vii
List of figures ......................................................................................................................x
Abbreviation and acronyms.............................................................................................. xii

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of the project.............................................................................................. 2
1.3 Rational of the study......................................................................................................2
1.4 Scope and limitations ....................................................................................................3

Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................4
Section 2.1 ...........................................................................................................................4
Sub-section 2.1.1.......................................................................................................5
Sub-section 2.1.2 ......................................................................................................6
Section 2.2 ...........................................................................................................................7
Sub-section 2.2.1 ......................................................................................................7
Sub-section 2.2.2 ......................................................................................................8

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY ..............................................................................................................9
3.1 Study area ......................................................................................................................9
3.2 Data collection .............................................................................................................11
Sub-section 3.2.1 ...................................................................................................12
Sub-section 3.2.2 ...................................................................................................12
Section 3.3 Data analysis and Design ...............................................................................13

Chapter 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ..................................................................................16
Section 4.1. ........................................................................................................................16
Section 4.2. ........................................................................................................................19

Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................................30
5.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................30
5.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................31

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................32
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................35

17
Appendix 6: Sample of List of Tables

List of Tables
(Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)

4 blank line spaces

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold) Page
Table 2.1: Classification of MHP in Nepal.........................................................................4
Table 2.2: Classification based on head by [Link]......................................................4
Table 2.3: Classification based on head by Dandekar & Sharma.......................................4
Table 2.4: Mean monthly flow (MIP) method..................................................................14
Table 2.5: Prediction coefficient for long term average monthly flows............................15
Table 2.6: Standard normal variant for flow.....................................................................16
Table 2.7: Relevant forces in tabular form........................................................................24
Table 2.8: Forces in tabular form.......................................................................................24
Table 2.9: Estimation of design discharge.........................................................................26
Table 2.10: Flood flow.......................................................................................................27
Table 3.1: Generating rating factor....................................................................................43
Table 3.2: Summary of cost...............................................................................................45
Table 3.3: Total source of finance.....................................................................................46
Table 3.4: Annual Recurring Administration cost ...........................................................46

Table title should be Left aligned, Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Single line spacing

Here, table number reflects distribution of tables among the chapters. For instance, Table
1.1 means table located in chapter 1. Similarly, Table 2.1 is table located in chapter 2 and
Table 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 are the tables located in Chapter 4. Table 4.1 is the first table of
Chapter 4, and consequently 4.3 is the third table in Chapter 4. Similar, number applies
for List of figures, and List of plates/pictures.

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Appendix 7: Sample of List of figures

List of Figures
(Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)
4 blank line spaces

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold) Page

Figure 2.1: General layout of Micro Hydro Power.............................................................3
Figure 2.2: Cross-sectional view of a gabion weir...............................................................4
Figure 2.3: Cross-sectional view of the intake area.............................................................6
Figure 2.4: Plan and section of a settling basin....................................................................7
Figure 2.5: Headrace canal section.......................................................................................8
Figure 3.1: Map of study area............................................................................................18

Figure title should be Left aligned, Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Single line
spacing

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Appendix 8: Sample of List of Appendices

List of Appendices
(Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)
4 blank line spaces

Title (Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)

Page
Appendix 1: Discharge Measurement by Salt Dilution Method........................................50
Appendix 2: Topographical Map of Study Area ...............................................................51
Appendix 3: Rate Analysis ................................................................................................52
Appendix 4: Bill of Quantity .............................................................................................53
Appendix 5: Detail Cost Estimation ..................................................................................54
Appendix 6: Detail Drawing .............................................................................................55
Appendix 7: Field Photographs .........................................................................................56

Numbering can be done in normal sequence. Appendix title should be Left aligned,
Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Single line spacing

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Appendix 9: Sample of Abbreviation/Acronyms

Abbreviation/Acronyms
(Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Bold)
4 blank line spaces

ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced

AEPC Alternative Energy Promotion Centre
DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
HDPE High Density Polyethylene Pipe
HH Households
Km Kilometre
KN Kilo Newton
KVA Kilo Volt-Ampere
KW Kilo Watt
lps Litre per second
m Meter
MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker
MHP Micro Hydro Project
MIP Medium Irrigation Project
NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
PCC Plain Cement Concrete
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
RPM Revolution per Minute
TPC Total Project Cost
WECS Water and Energy Commission Secretariat

Times New Roman, 12 Pts, Normal, Single line spacing, space between
Abbreviation/Acronyms and its details should be fixed through use of Tab key
(don’t use colon or semicolon marks in between abbreviations/acronyms and its
details)

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