VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA BELAGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

A Project Report
Phase II
“OPTIMIZATION OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING BY CHANGING
THE LOCATION OF SHEAR WALL”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Department of Civil Engineering
Submitted By
GUNASHREE R 1BO16CV036
REVANTH KUMAR SP 1BO16CV087
SACHIN 1BO16CV091
SHAHEED AFREED S 1BO16CV094
Under the Guidance of
Mrs. Prathibha Reddy T
Asst Professor
Department of Civil

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Brindavan College of Engineering

DWARAKANAGAR, BAGALUR MAIN ROAD,
YELAHANKA, BENGALURU-63
 Brindavan College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “Optimization Of Multi-Storey Building

By Changing The Location Of Shear wall” bonified work carried out by been
Gunashree R, Revanth Kumar SP, Sachin, Shaheed Afreed S, bearing
1B016CV036,1B016CV087,1B016CV091,1B016CV094 and partial fulfillmentfor
the requirements of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the years 2021 to 2022. It is certified
that all corrections and suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report. This report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect to the work prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering
Degree.

------------------------ -------------------------- -----------------------

GUIDE HOD (Incharge) PRINCIPAL
Mrs. Prathibha Reddy T Dr. S B Brahmananda, [Link] Patil
Asst Professor Professor & Head BRCE
Dept. of civil Dept. of civil

External Examiners
Name of Examiners Signature with Date
1 ----------------------- ------------------------
2 ----------------------- ------------------------
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible. With deep gratitude, We
acknowledge all those guidance and encouragement, which served as beacon of light and
crowned my efforts with success. We thank each one of them for their valuable support.

We would express our sincere thanks to Dr. B. R. Shetty, Chairman, Brindavan College of
Engineering, Bangalore, for providing necessary facilities and motivation to carry out our Project
successfully.

We would express our sincere thanks to Dr. Raja Shekar Patil, Principal, Brindavan College
of Engineering, Bangalore, for providing necessary facilities and motivation to carry out our
Project successfully.

We would express our heartfelt gratitude and humble thanks to, Dr. S B Brahmananda, HOD
(Incharge)CIVIL Department, Brindavan College of Engineering, for the constant
encouragement and help to carry out Project work successfully.

We would like to express our humble thanks to our Project Guide Mrs. Prathibha Reddy T,
Assistant. Professor, CIVIL Department, Brindavan College of Engineering, Bangalore for
guiding us and having facilitated us to complete Project work successfully.

We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to Co-Ordinator Dr.S B Brahmananda
Civil Dept, BRCE, for his valuable support and rendering with several useful suggestions
throughout the Project work.

We would like to mention our special thanks to all the faculty members of Civil Engineering
Department, BRCE, Bangalore for their invaluable support and guidance.

Regards

GUNASHREE R 1B016CV036
REVANTH KUMAR SP 1BO16CV087
SACHIN 1BO16CV091
SHAHEED AFREED S 1BO16CV094
 ABSTRACT

The shear wall is a structural element which is used to resist earthquake forces. These walls will
consumptives shear forces & will prevent changing location-position of construction &
consequently destruction. On other hand, shear wall arrangement must be absolutely accurate, if
not, we will find negative effect instead. For example, if the shear walls make an increase distance
between mass center and hardness center, we cannot expect a good tensional behavior from the
structure. In case of mass centre and hardness centre coincide with each other, at that time the
distance of shear wall from the mass centre also plays an important role in the shear contribution
of the shear wall. The bending moment, shear force, torsion, axial force contribution by rest of the
structural element and the ultimate design of all the structural components also affected by that. A
study has been carried out to determine the optimum Structural configuration of a multistory
building by changing the shear wall locations radically. Four different cases of shear wall position
for a 14+ storey residential building with keeping zero eccentricity between mass centre and
hardness centre have been analyzed and designed as a space frame system by computer application
software, subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with IS provisions.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

[Link] Contents Page no

1 Chapter -1 1-7
Introduction
2 Chapter-2 8-12
Literature Review
3 Chapter-3 13-14
Aim & Scope of Present Study
4 Chapter -4 15-23
Project Definition
5 Chapter-5 24-35
Result & Discussion
6 Chapter-6 36-37
Conclusion
Reference 38-39
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig no Figures Page no

1.1 RC Shear Wall in Building & Plan 2
1.2 Function of Shear Wall 3
1.3 Shear Wall must be Symmetric in Plan layout 3
1.5 Classification of Shear Wall 4
1.5 Shear Wall in RC Building Different Geometries 5
are Possible
1.6 Cantilever Behavior of Shear 6
1.7 Layout of Main Reinforcement in Shear Wall as 7
per IS13920:1993
3.4 Layout of Methodology 14
4.1 Model 1: Regular Building without Shear Wall 16
4.2 Model 2: Regular Building with Shear Wall at 16
Position 1 (corners)
4.3 Model 3: Regular Building with Shear Wall at 17
Position 2
4.4 Model 4: Regular Building with Shear Wall at 17
Position 3 (center)
4.5 Model 5: Irregular Building without Shear Wall 18
4.6 Model 6: Irregular Building with Shear Wall at 18
Position 1 (Corners)
4.7 Model 7: Irregular Building with Shear Wall at 19
Position 2 (Centre)
 LIST OF GRAPHS

Fig no Graphs Page no

5.1 Storeys v/s Storey Displacement in X-Direction 25

(ESA)
5.2 Graph Shows Maximum Storey Displacement in 25
X-Direction (ESA)
5.3 Storeys v/s Storey Displacement in Y-Direction 28
(ESA)
5.4 Graph Shows Maximum Storey Displacement in 28
Y-Direction (ESA)
5.5 Storeys v/s Storey Drifts in X-Direction (ESA) 31
5.6 Graph Shows Maximum Storey Drifts in X- 31
Direction (ESA)
5.7 Storeys vs Storey drifts in Y-direction (ESA) 34
5.8 Maximum Storey Drifts Along X-Direction 34
(ESA)
 LIST OF TABLES

Fig no Tables Page no

4.1 Grade of Concrete 20
4.2 Specification of Members 20
4.2.1 Earthquake Load 21
4.2.2 Wind Load 22
4.3 Load combination 23
5.1 Storey Displacement Along X-Direction (ESA) 24
5.2 Storey Displacement Along Y-Direction (ESA) 27
5.3 Storey Drifts Along X-Direction (ESA) 30
5.4 Storey Drifts Along Y-Direction (ESA) 33
 Optimization of Multi-Storey Building by Changing the Location of Shear wall 2022

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL

The simple and most general definition of optimization is ‘MAKING THE THINGS
BEST’, Structural optimization is the subject of making an assemblage of materials
sustain loads in the best way. Here in this Project, we tried to optimize the cost of the
structure in accordance with the minimum serviceability requirement as per IS code
specification.

Shear walls are the vertical structural element which resist the horizontal forces acting on
a building structure. Shearwall can also be defined as a wall which are reinforced & made
of braced panels to carry lateral forces. The thickness of the shear wall for regular
buildings can be generally in the range of 150 mm to 400 mm. Shear walls areprovided
along both length & width of building. Most RC building has columns with shear walls.
These columns & shear walls carry lateral loads & gravity load respectively. Shear walls
offer high strength & stiffness to building in the direction of their orientation, that
considerably reduces damage to structure and its contents and thereby reduces lateral
sway of the building. Shear wall buildings are typically regular in elevation and in plan.

As a part of an earthquake resistant building design, under the earthquake load the lateral
displacement is decreased by inserting the walls in building plans and shear wall structure
can be obtained. Both the vertical and horizontal load can be resisted by RC multi-storey
building. When shear wall is not introduced in such building, the dimensions of beams
and columns is larger and problem arises at these joint and it causes the concrete to place
and vibrate at these places and it causes the larger displacement, and greater forces are
introduced within the building member.

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Fig 1.1: - RC Shear Wall in Building and Plan

Shear wall systems are one of the most feasible and hence commonly used lateral load
resisting mechanism employed in high rise buildings. They have high plane stiffness and
strength which can be utilized to simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support
gravity loads. Incorporation of shear walls has now become inevitable in multi-storey
buildings so as to resist the lateral forces such as Seismic loads and Wind loads. Hence it
is very necessary to determine the most effective location of shear walls. Shear wall
arrangement must be absolutely accurate, because if not, it will cause negative effect
instead. When the mass center and hardness center coincide with each other, the distance
of shear wall from the mass center also plays an important role in the shear contribution of
the shear wall. In this project, a study has been carried out to determine the optimum
structural configuration of a multistory building by changing the shear wall locations radically.

1.2 The Functions of a Shear Wall

The main functions of a Shear Wall can be described as follows:

1) Providing Lateral Strength to building: Shear Wall must provide lateral shear
strength to the building to resist the horizontal earthquake forces, wind forces and
transfer these forces to the foundation. These other elements inthe load path may
be slabs, floors, foundation walls or footings.

2) Providing Lateral Stiffness to building: Shear Walls provide large stiffness to

building in the direction of their orientation, which reduces lateral sway of the
building and thus reduces damage to structure. Sufficiently stiff buildings

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typically suffer less nonstructural harms.

Fig 1.2: - Function of Shear Wall

1.3 Shear Walls Stiffness

RC shear walls gives great strength and stiffness to buildings within the direction of
their orientation, that considerably reduces lateral sway of the building and therefore
it decreases the structure damages. Due to the large horizontal force of earthquake on
shear wall, the effect of overturning on shear wall will also be large. Therefore, shear
walls in buildings should be located symmetrically in plan to reduce ill effects of twist
in buildings. They can be placed symmetrically along both the directions of plan.

Fig 1.3: - Shear Wall Must be Symmetric in

Plan Layout

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1.4 Slenderness Ratio of Shear Wall

The 'Slenderness ratio' of a wall is defined as a function of the effective height divided by
either the effective thickness or the radius of the gyration of the wall section. It is highly
related to the slenderness limit that is the cutoff between elements being classed "slender"
or "stocky". Slender walls are vulnerable to buckling failure modes, including Euler in-
plane buckling due to axial compression, Euler out-of-plane buckling due to axial
compression and lateral torsional buckling due to bending moment. In the design process,
structural engineers need to consider all these failure modes to ensure that the wall design
is safe under various kinds of possible loading conditions.

1.5 Structural Forms of Shear Walls

Monolithic shear walls are classified as short, squat or cantilever according to their height
to depth ratio.

Fig 1.5: - Classification of Shear Wall

Usually shear walls are either plane or flanged in section, where core walls consist of
channel sections.

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Fig 1.5: - Shear Wall in RC Building Different Geometries are Possible

Shear walls are oblong in cross-section, i.e., one dimension of the cross-section is much
larger than the other. While rectangular cross-section is common, L- and U-shaped
sections are also used. Thin-walled hollow RC shafts around the elevator core of
buildings also act as shear walls, and should be taken advantage of to resist earthquake
forces.

1.6 Seismic Behavior of Shear Wall

According to position of shear wall, the nature of stresses generation in the shear wall is
different. Placing the shear wall at very near to the Centre of stiffness behave as a Vertical
bending element and also the shear wall placing at corner of the building are can be in axial
tension or in axial compression followed by the Lateral Force direction. The drift generated
is more compare to shear walls at the corner of the building. That’s why it is important and
necessary to consider the correct or optimum location of the shear walls in the structure
that may help to reduce the stresses in all the structural members of the structure.

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Fig 1.6: - Cantilever Behavior of Shear

Properly detailed and designed buildings with shear walls have shown excellent
performance in past earthquakes. Shear walls offer high strength and stiffness to buildings
in the oriented direction that significantly reduces lateral sway of the building and thus
reduces damage to structure and its contents.
In high seismic regions shear walls requires special detailing. However, in history of
earthquakes, even buildings with sufficient number of walls that were not specially
detailed for seismic performance (but
had enough well-distributed reinforcement) were saved from collapse. Buildings with
shear walls are a popular choice in many earthquake prone countries, like USA, Chile and
New Zealand. Shear walls are easy to construct, because reinforcement detailing of walls
is comparatively straight-forward and therefore easy to implement at site. Shear walls are
efficient, both in terms of construction cost and effectiveness in minimizing earthquake
damage in structural and non-structural elements.
RC walls, that include shear walls or lift wells, are usual essential of Multistorey
Buildings. Providing the Shear wall in tall, medium and even short buildings will reinforce
the significantly and either more economic than the bending frames. We can restrain the
side bending of the structure by provide the Shear walls, much better than other elements
like closed frames and certainly the shear walls are more flexible than them. However,
most of the time the design has to be based on the off-center position of the Lift and stair
case walls with regards to the center of mass. The design in these cases leads to an
excessive stress in several structural members, unwanted torsional moments and sways.
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Fig 1.7: - Layout of Main Reinforcement in Shear Wall as per IS

13920:1993

Steel reinforcing bars are to be provided in walls in regularly spaced vertical and horizontal
grids. The vertical and horizontal reinforcement in the wall can be placed in one or two
parallel layers called curtains. Horizontal reinforcement needs to be anchored at the ends
of walls. The minimum area of reinforcing steel to be provided is 0.0025 times the cross-
sectional area, along each of the horizontal and vertical directions. This vertical
reinforcement should be distributed uniformly across the wall cross-section.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General

This chapter deals with the papers prepared by various authors and their studies on various
parameters. They considered mainly the characteristics features of the shear wall and its
positioning and their behavior under dynamic loadings,

M. Ashraf, et al. (2008) :-

Has been carried out a study to determine the optimum configuration of a multistory
building by changing shear walls location. Four different cases of shear wall position for
a 25 storey building have been analyzed as a space frame system using a standard package
ETAB subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with UBC provisions. They
have found that columns and beams forces are found to increase on grids opposite to the
changing position of shear wall away from the centroid of the building. Twisting
moments in members are observed to be having increasing trend with enhancement in the
eccentricity between geometrical centroid of the building and shearwall position. Stresses
in shear wall elements have more pronounced effect in elements parallel to displaced
direction of shear wall as compared to those in perpendicular direction. The lateral
displacements of the building are uniform for a zero-eccentricity case. On the contrary,
the drift is more on grids on one side than that of the others in case of eccentric shear wall
position. They concluded that the shear wall should be placed at a point by coinciding
center of gravity and centroid of the building.

[Link] et al. (2010) :-

Have carried out an experimental study dealing with a widely used strengthening method
in Turkey, by using shear walls, was carried out for which the location of the shear wall
was selected as the basic parameter of the analysis. Inthe light of the scaled experimental
elements and the data obtained from the experiments, they concluded that;

• Shear walls and frame columns worked monolithically in both the application, and
any anchorage debonding was not seen at the column-shear joint .

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• Although the external shear wall type was expected to display a higher horizontal load
bearing capacity than that of the partially infilled shear wall type, the partially infilled
type presented higher horizontal load bearing and lower horizontal displacement with
respect to the external shear wall type during the tests.

Suchita Tuppad and [Link](2015) :-

Presented a paper on 'Optimum location of Shear wall in a Multi - Storey building

Subjected to Seismic behavior' In this study, Analysis that the displacement observed in
first model, which is without shear wall building shows maximum displacement
compared to the remaining models having shear wall at different locations. And The best
location of shear in multistory building obtained from the application of genetic algorithm
in near the core of the building. And It is also seen from the study that the Genetic
Algorithm linked to the design rule provides an automotive way of structural analysis
procedures, which can be readily used by practicing designers.

Romy Mohan and C. Prabha (2011) :-

Have done study on seismic behavior of shear wall in their paper titled “Dynamic Analysis
of RCC Buildings with Shear Wall”. For a structure to perform well it should be designed
to carry both gravity loads as well as lateral loads.
Thus, it is required to study the behavior of building with various lateral load resisting
systems. This paper deals with one such element i.e., shear wall and provides introduction
and overview of the method that can be adopted for the dynamic analysis of building. In
this paper, G+6 storey and G+10 storey buildings were taken for the analysis. A comparison
was done between different method viz., equivalent static method, response spectrum
method and time history analysis. It was then found that equivalent static method gives
better result for symmetric building up to 25m height, response spectrum method can be
used for building having higher height and unsymmetrical plan dimension and time history
analysis can be used for building which requires more accurate result to determine the
structural response in seismic areas. It was also concluded that square shaped shear wall is
found to be more effective in resisting lateral loads compared to L-shaped shear wall.

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[Link], et al(2015):-

Presented a study on “Analysis and design of g+14 residential building with shear wall”.
In this Study, in is presented which is for Parameter like moments and axial load is
determined for G+5 Storey building with seismic Zone IV with some preliminary
investigation and it was analyzed by changing the various position of shear wall with.
Analysis is done by using the software STADD-pro. Study is estimated that
whenever an opening is expected the bar diameter is increased and lateral ties are provided
inside the wall to replicate lintel beam in the wall for extra stability. Shear walls openings
must be small in size to ensure least disturbance to force flow through walls. And also,
openings should be located symmetrically. Shear walls must be located symmetrically in
buildings plan to reduce ill effects of twist in buildings. Shear walls located along exterior
perimeter of the building are more effective such a plan layout increases resistance of the
building to twisting.

P.V. Sumanth Chowdary and Senthil Pandian. M (2014) :-

Presented a paper on “A Comparative Study on RCC Structure with and without Shear
wall”. In this paper response spectrum analysis was carried out for G+7 storey building
using SAP 2000 software. Four different models were used for the analysis purpose viz.,
bare frame, lift well of core type and rectangular shear wall, openings in coupled type
and lift well with core type shear walls, and lift well with core type shear walls and at
four corners for various seismic zone. The results of four models were compared and it
was concluded that building with corner shear wall shows less deflection in comparison
with other models and for buildings in high seismic areas deflection in X and Y direction
can be reduced by providing shear wall at the centroid of the building and on all four
corners of the building.

Ahmet Tuken,et al (2012) :-

Presented a paper on “Assessment of Shear Wall Quantity in Seismic- Resistant Design

of Reinforced Concrete Buildings”. In this study, analytical method is carried out to find
the necessary amount of shear wall required for RC building to resists the seismic force
from moderate to severe condition. This analytical procedure is done for 10 storey 3-D.
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The following strategy is carried out for this method:

• The shear walls resist the total design base shear;

• Same quantity of shear walls placed in the structure for both orthogonal directions; and

• 25 % of the total design base shear should be independently resists frame elements, that
are beams and columns. In this study they concluded that the storey drift limitation
needed for any seismic code satisfied by the quantity of shear wall procured using
suggested methodology. To satisfy the maximum storey drift required for relevant
seismiccode, the quantity of shear wall should be revised.

Ilker Fatih Kara,et al(2009):-

Have done study on “Prediction of deflection of reinforced concrete shear walls”.

In this study, they presented analytical procedure in which the cracking in the RC shear
walls are taken into account. Based on iterative procedure of developed computer
program, the cracking effect on deflection and stiffness has been investigated. In the
program, ACI evaluates the variation of the flexural stiffness of a cracked member and
probability-based effective stiffness model. By comparing the experimental and
analytical results, it is indicated that the analytical procedure provides an efficient and
accurate prediction of both the flexural stiffness and deflection reduction of shear walls
with vertical load and different height to width ratio. The results of the analytical
procedure shown that with decreasing height to width ratio of the shear wall, the
percentage of shear deflection in the total deflection increases.

Lakshmi K.O.,et al(2014) :-

Presented a paper on Effect of shear wall location in buildings subjected to seismic loads”.
This study aimed at comparing different parameters such as deflection, storey shear,
storey drift, required reinforcement in columns etc. of a building under lateral loads based
on the positioning of shear walls. The effect of shear wall positioning on different
parameters are compared based on linear and nonlinear analysis procedures. By
calculating the strength and deformation need of the structure in design earthquakes by
means of static inelastic analysis, the performance of the structure is evaluated using

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pushover analysis.
To obtain the overall performance of a structure, the capacity spectrum is used. The
software ETABS 9.5 and SAP 2000.V.14.1 is used. The study concluded that in medium
high-rise buildings (i.e. greater than 10 storeys) provision of shear walls is founded to be
effective in the overall seismic capacity properties of the structure. From comparison of
story drift values, it is observed that the maximum reduction in drift values is obtained
when shear walls was placed at corners of the building. Lateral displacement values
obtained from static method of analysis indicate that shear wall provision along
longitudinal and transverse directions are effective in reducing the displacement values in
the same directions. Response spectrum analysis results provides a more realistic
behavior of structure response and hence it was seen that in both X and Y directions the
displacement values are least in model with shear wall at corners and core when compared
with other models.

Umamaheshwara and Nagarajan.P (2016) :-

At possible failure positions such as the shorter directions. presented study on ‘Design
Optimization and Analysis of Shear Wall in High Rise Buildings Using ETABS”. This
study has been carried out to determine the optimum Structural configuration of a
multistorey building by changing locations of the shear wall. Three different cases have
been carried out for analysis and design with various shear wall position for a G+14
residential building with zero eccentricity between hardness center and mass center as a
space frame system subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with IS
provisions by using computer application software. The results obtained from the study
shown that shear wall arrangement gives best result towards the building elements like
storey displacement, inter-storey drift, base shear, lateral forces compared to bare frames.
The model with shear wall placed at corners of the building shown less displacements and
drifts and thus considered as optimum location. In this present paper from the study of
literaturepaper the structure is constructed by shear walls at different locations. It has been
considered that the top deflection was reduced and reached within the permissible
deflection after providing the shear walls.

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CHAPTER 3

AIM AND SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY

3.1 General
This chapter deals with the aim and scope of present study, which deals with the
characteristics features of the shear wall and its positioning and their behavior under static
and dynamic loadings.

3.2 Scope

• Using The study is carried out by taking RC framed building in the seismic zone V.
• Models are analyzed using E-tabs software.
• The parameters for all the models are kept constant.
• The behavior of building is studied by changing the position of shear wall. All the
models are analyzed static and dynamic method (RSA).

3.3 Objectives

The principle objective of this project is to analyze different model switch Shear walls
and compare them usingETABS, to get the optimum positioning of Shear walls inside the
G+10 storey building structure.

• Analysis of the G+10 Storey building without Shear wall using ETABS.

• Analysis of the G+10 Storey building with Shear wall in different positions.

• Compare the analysis of building with and without Shear walls.

• Compare the displacement of Storey drift of these models

3.4 Methodology

The methodology includes:

• Introduction to shear wall and behavior of it are studied.

• Modeling the symmetrical and unsymmetrical structure with shear wall using
ETABS software.
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• Changing the position of shear wall in the structure.

• Analyzing the models for seismic and wind forces. Comparison and
Interpretation of results.

• Conclusion.

Fig 3.4: - Layout of Methodology

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CHAPTER 4
PROJECT DEFINITION
4.1 General

This chapter contains a description of considered building model of the present work. It
includes the details about the building elements, material properties, load consideration etc.
used in the work.

4.2 Description of structure

In this study the 15 storey building is considered with each storey height of 3m. These
buildings are analyzed and designed as per Indian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant
Design and for wind load calculation. For the buildings base supports are assumed to be
fixed. The sections of structural elements like beams and columns are considered as square
and rectangular shapes. Constant storey height is maintained for all storeys of the buildings
are assumed to be constant including the ground storey. The buildings are modeled and
analyzed using software ETAB Nonlinear V9.7.0. Seven different models are studied with
and without shear wall at different position in the building.

4.2.1 Model Details

Consider RC frame shear wall building of 15 stories with and without shear wall at different
position for regular and irregular structure. Total of 7 models are considered for analysis:
Model 1: Regular building without shear wall
Model 2: Regular building with shear wall at position 1 (corners)
Model 3: Regular building with shear wall at position 2
Model 4: Regular building with shear wall at position 3 (center)
Model 5: Irregular building without shear wall
Model 6: Irregular building with shear wall at position 1 (corners)
Model 7: Irregular building with shear wall at position 2 (center)

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Fig.4.1 Model 1: Regular Building without Shear Wall

Fig.4.2 Model 2: Regular Building with Shear Wall at Position 1

(corners)

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Fig.4.3 Model 3: Regular Building with Shear Wall at Position 2

Fig.4.4 Model 4: Regular Building with Shear Wall at Position 3

(center)

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Fig.4.5 Model 5: Irregular Building without Shear Wall

Fig.4.6 Model 6: Irregular Building with Shear Wall at Position 1

(Corners)

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Fig.4.7 Model 7: Irregular Building with Shear Wall at Position 2

(Centre)

4.2.2 Structural Elements

In this section, the properties of the various elements adopted for the modeling are
discussed below.

BEAMS AND COLUMNS

The structural elements like beams and columns are modeled as frame elements. The
capacity of the members such as strength, stiffness and deformation are represented by this
element. The element properties like cross sectional dimensions, reinforcement details and
the type of material used are to be assigned while modeling the beams and columns.

BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS

Rigid joints are assumed for all the beam-column joints.

FOUNDATION MODELLING

The ends of supporting columns are provided with fixed supports.

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4.2.3 Material Properties

• Modulus of elascity ,
• Modulus of elascity for M30 - 27386 N/mm2
• Modulus of elascity for M25 - 25000 N/mm2
• Weight/unit volume of concrete - 25 kN/m3
• Mass/unit volume of concrete - 2.55 kN/m3
• Grade of steel - Fe415

[Link] ELEMENTS GRADE OF CONCRETE

1 COLUMN M25
2 BEAM M25
3 SLAB M25
4 SHEAR WALL M30

Table 4.1 Grade of Concrete

4.2.4 Sizes of the Members

[Link] Specifications Size

1 Dimensions for Plan 30 m x 30 m (X*Y)
2 Length along X- direction 30 m (6 Bays)
3 Length along Z- direction 30 m (6 Bays)
4 storey height 3.0 m
5 Plinth Level 1.7 m
6 Building height (G+15) 46.7 m
7 Thickness of Slab 150 mm
8 Beam dimensions 0.35 m x 0.45 m
9 Column dimension 0.35 m x 0.60 m
10 Shear wall size 150 mm

Table 4.2 Specification of Members

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4.3 Loading Consideration

The following load conditions are considered for the model analysis:

Gravity loading: Gravity load consists of dead load due to self-weight of structure, super
imposed load and live load is considered as per codal provision on floor slab.

i) DEAD LOAD (DL)

The Dead load is considered as per IS: 875 (part I)-1987, “Code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structures” – unit weight of buildings materials
and stored materials.
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/m3
Floor finish (SD) = 1.5 kN/m2

ii) IMPOSED LOAD (LL)

The live load is considered as per IS: 875 (part II)-1987, “code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structures”.
Live load = 3 kN/m2

Lateral loading:

Lateral load consists of earth quake load on both X and Y axis as per the IS 1893-2002 and
wind load on both X and Y axis as per IS 875 (part III).

i) EARTHQUAKE LOAD (EL)

Earthquake load is considered as per the IS 1893(part 1)-2002, “criteria for earthquake
resistance design of structures”. The factors considered are

Seismic Zone Factor 0.10 (Zone V)

Importance Factor 1

Response Reduction Factor 5

Soil Type (as per IS:1893-2002) Medium

Damping 5%

Table 4.2.1 Earthquake Load

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ii) WIND LOAD (WL)

Wind load is considered as per IS 875 (part III)-1987, “code of practice for design loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structures”.

Basic wind speed 33 m/sec (As per Appendix-1of IS 875 part III)

Risk coefficient, k1 1.0(As per Clause:5.3.1 of IS 875 part III)

Terrain category 2(As per Clause:[Link] of IS 875 part III)

Height factor, k2 Varies with height (as per Table 2)

Structure class Class B (As per Clause:[Link] of IS 875 part III)

Topography factor 1.0

Table 4.2.2 Wind Load

4.3 Load combinations

The following load combination are considered as per IS 875(part V)-1987(special loads
and combinations), “code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures”.

COMB01 1.5DL+1.5SD+1.5LL

COMB02 1.2DL+1.2SD+0.3LL+1.2ELX

COMB03 1.2DL+1.2SD+0.3LL+1.2ELY

COMB04 1.5DL+1.5SD+1.5ELX

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COMB05 1.5DL+1.5SD+1.5ELY

COMB06 0.9DL+0.9SD+1.5ELX

COMB07 O.9DL+0.9SD+1.5ELY

COMB08 1.2DL+1.2SD+1.2LL+1.2WLX

COMB09 1.2DL+1.2SD+1.2LL-1.2WLX

COMB10 1.2DL+1.2SD+1.2LL+1.2WLY

COMB11 1.2DL+1.2SD+1.2LL-1.2WLY

COMB12 1.5DL+1.5SD+1.5WLX

COMB13 1.5DL+1.5SD-1.5WLX

COMB14 1.5DL+1.5SD+1.5WLY

COMB15 1.5DL+1.5SD-1.5WLY

COMB16 0.9DL+0.9SD+1.5WLX

COMB17 0.9DL+0.9SD-1.5WLX

COMB18 0.9DL+0.9SD+1.5WLY

COMB19 0.9DL+0.9SD-1.5WLY

Fig4.3 Load Combination

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CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 General

The study outcomes acquired from the project are discussed in this part.

5.2 Storey Displacement

To study the response of lateral load effect on structure we used RC frame 15 storied
regular and irregular building with shear wall at different location for seismic zone V and
wind load.

5.2.1 Lateral Storey Displacement for Building in X-Direction for Elastic Static
Analysis (ESA)
STOREY DISPLACEMENT (mm) – ESA
STOREYS model 1 model 2 model 3 model 4 model 5 model 6 model 7
TERRACE 66.2879 54.9242 52.6011 36.1676 71.1625 44.9762 44.4575
STORY14 64.8978 51.4099 49.3385 33.6024 69.2992 41.6689 40.879
STORY13 62.7989 47.7079 45.8852 30.9126 66.755 38.2657 37.2513
STORY12 59.9823 43.8372 42.2536 28.1465 63.5021 34.783 33.5906
STORY11 56.5244 39.794 38.4393 25.3202 60.4161 31.231 29.9132
STORY10 52.5177 35.6012 34.4637 22.4606 57.1971 27.6349 26.2455
STORY9 48.0538 31.2975 30.3642 19.5986 53.4197 24.0291 22.6216
STORY8 43.2183 26.9363 26.1925 16.7691 49.1013 20.4563 19.082
STORY7 38.0892 22.5834 22.0122 14.0099 44.2627 16.966 15.6727
STORY6 32.7371 18.3157 17.8983 11.3614 38.9272 13.6138 12.4447
STORY5 27.2253 14.2213 13.9365 8.8662 33.1222 10.4608 9.4527
STORY4 21.6121 10.3995 10.2239 6.5688 26.8828 7.5734 6.7556
STORY3 15.9594 6.9619 6.8702 4.5153 20.2654 5.0235 4.4152
STORY2 10.363 4.0351 4.001 2.755 13.3924 2.8899 2.4967
STORY1 5.0666 1.7651 1.7621 1.3374 6.6225 1.2619 1.0683
GF 0.8984 0.474 0.538 0.501 1.159 0.3734 0.3911
Table 5.1 Storey Displacement Along X-Direction (ESA)

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Storey Displacements Along X-Axis(ESA)

16
15
14 model 1(without
13 sw)
12 model 2(corner)
11
10 model 3(corner 2)
Storeys

9
8 model 4(middle)
7
6 model 5(without
5 sw)
4
3
2
1
0
0 20 40 60 80
Displacements

Fig.5.1 Storeys v/s Storey Displacement in X-Direction (ESA)

Maximum Strorey Displacement(mm) in X-Direction(ESA)

model 7

model 6 model 1
model 2
model 5
model 3
model 4
model 4
model 3 model 5

model 2 model 6
model 7
model 1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Fig. 5.2 Graph Shows Maximum Storey Displacement in X-Direction

(ESA)

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Fig 5.1 and 5.2, shows displacement v/s no. of storeys for regular and irregular model
having shear wall at different location along X-direction for seismic zone V and wind load,
analyses is carried out for Elastic Static Analysis (ESA). From graph plotted indicates that:

1) The maximum displacement along X-direction for regular structure without shear wall
is 66.29mm
2) The maximum displacement along X-direction for regular structure with shear wall at
position 1 (corner) is 54.92mm
3) The maximum displacement along X-direction for regular structure with shear wall at
position 2 is 52.60mm
4) The maximum displacement along X-direction for regular structure with shear wall at
position at position 3 (center) is 36.17mm
5) The maximum displacement along X-direction for irregular structure without shear wall
is 71.16mm
6) The maximum displacement along X-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at
position at position 1 (corner) is 44.98mm
7) The maximum displacement along X-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at
position at position 2 (center) is 44.46mm

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5.2.2 Lateral Storey Displacement for Building in Y-Direction for Elastic Static
Analysis (ESA)

STOREY DISPLACEMENT (mm) – ESA

STOREYS model 1 model 2 Model 3 model 4 model 5 model 6 model 7
Terrace 70.0358 56.8485 53.9788 36.6769 74.1252 41.0694 44.7719
Storey14 68.6783 53.1211 50.5683 34.0506 72.361 38.0247 41.1628
Storey13 66.5172 49.2208 46.9775 31.3078 70.0676 34.899 37.5059
Storey12 63.5799 45.1585 43.2126 28.4899 67.9052 31.7037 33.8163
Storey11 59.9645 40.9321 39.2702 25.6143 65.1254 28.4491 30.1106
Storey10 55.7738 36.5651 35.1721 22.7083 61.7349 25.158 26.4155
Storey9 51.1055 32.0975 30.9563 19.8032 57.7473 21.862 22.7653
Storey8 46.0493 27.5837 26.6755 16.9339 53.1813 18.5998 19.2008
Storey7 40.6868 23.0909 22.3943 14.1388 48.0587 15.4163 15.7683
Storey6 35.0912 18.6978 18.1889 11.4586 42.4033 12.362 12.519
Storey5 29.3275 14.4938 14.1463 8.9362 36.242 9.4921 9.508
Storey4 23.453 10.5799 10.3649 6.6163 29.6066 6.8668 6.7942
Storey3 17.5203 7.0689 6.9558 4.5453 22.5412 4.551 4.4399
Storey2 11.5954 4.0882 4.0451 2.7723 15.1334 2.6156 2.5104
Storey1 5.8468 1.785 1.7803 1.349 7.6698 1.1412 1.0746
GF 0.0019 0.0126 0.5432 0.5082 1.3587 0.347 0.3943

Table5.2 Storey Displacement Along Y-Direction (ESA)

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Storey Displacements Along Y-Axis (ESA)

16
15
14
model 1(without
13
sw)
12
model 2(corner)
11
10
model 3(corner 2)
Storeys

9
8
7 model 4(middle)
6
5 model 5(without
sw)
4
3
2
1
0
0 20 40 60 80
Displacements(mm)

Fig. 5.3 Storeys v/s Storey Displacement in Y-Direction (ESA)

Maximum strorey displacement(mm) in Y-direction(ESA)

model 7

model 6 model 1
model 2
model 5
model 3
model 4
model 4
model 3 model 5

model 2 model 6
model 7
model 1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Fig. 5.4 Graph Shows Maximum Storey Displacement in Y-Direction

(ESA)

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Fig 5.3 and 5.4, shows displacement v/s no. of storeys for regular and irregular model
having shear wall at different location along Y-direction for seismic zone V and wind load,
analyses is carried out for Elastic Static Analysis (ESA). From graph plotted indicates that:

1) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for regular structure without shear wall
is 70.04 mm
2) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for regular structure with shear wall at
position 1 (corner) is 56.85 mm
3) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for regular structure with shear wall at
position 2 is 53.98 mm
4) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for regular structure with shear wall at
position at position 3 (center) is 36.68 mm
5) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for irregular structure without shear wall
is 74.13 mm
6) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at
position at position 1 (corner) is 41.07 mm
7) The maximum displacement along Y-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at
position at position 2 (center) is 44.77 mm

5.3 Storey Drifts

To study the response of lateral load effect on structure we used RC frame 15 storied regular
and irregular building with shear wall at different location for seismic zone V and wind
load.

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5.3.1 Lateral Storey Drifts for Building in X-Direction for Elastic Static Analysis
(ESA)

STOREY DRIFTS-ESA
STOREYS model 1 model 2 model 3 model 4 model 5 model 6 model 7
TERRACE 0.000463 0.001171 0.001088 0.000855 0.000621 0.001102 0.001193
STORY14 0.0007 0.001234 0.001151 0.000897 0.000848 0.001134 0.001209
STORY13 0.000939 0.00129 0.001211 0.000922 0.001084 0.001161 0.00122
STORY12 0.001153 0.001348 0.001271 0.000942 0.001297 0.001184 0.001226
STORY11 0.001336 0.001398 0.001325 0.000953 0.001479 0.001199 0.001223
STORY10 0.001488 0.001435 0.001366 0.000954 0.001629 0.001202 0.001208
STORY9 0.001612 0.001454 0.001391 0.000943 0.001749 0.001191 0.00118
STORY8 0.00171 0.001451 0.001393 0.00092 0.001841 0.001163 0.001136
STORY7 0.001784 0.001423 0.001371 0.000883 0.001908 0.001117 0.001076
STORY6 0.001837 0.001365 0.001321 0.000832 0.001963 0.001051 0.000997
STORY5 0.001871 0.001274 0.001238 0.000766 0.002104 0.000962 0.000899
STORY4 0.001884 0.001146 0.001118 0.000684 0.002226 0.00085 0.00078
STORY3 0.001865 0.000976 0.000956 0.000587 0.002306 0.000711 0.00064
STORY2 0.001765 0.000757 0.000746 0.000473 0.002267 0.000543 0.000476
STORY1 0.001401 0.000527 0.000545 0.000374 0.00183 0.000386 0.000318
GF 0.000528 0.000279 0.000316 0.000295 0.000684 0.00022 0.00023

Table 5.3 Storey Drifts Along X-Direction (ESA)

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Storey Drifts Along X-Axis (ESA)

16
15
14 model 1(without
13 sw)
12 model 2(corner)
11
Storeys

10 model 3(corner 2)
9
8 model 4(middle)
7
6 model 5(without
5 sw)
model 6(corner)
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025
Storey Drifts

Fig. 5.5 Storeys v/s Storey Drifts in X-Direction (ESA)

Maximum Storey Drifts in X Direction (ESA)

model 7

model 6 model 1
model 2
model 5
model 3
model 4
model 4
model 3 model 5

model 2 model 6
model 7
model 1

0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025

Fig. 5.6 Graph Shows Maximum Storey Drifts in X-Direction (ESA)

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Fig 5.5 and 5.6, shows storey drifts v/s no. of storeys for regular and irregular model having
shear wall at different location along X-direction for seismic zone V and wind load, analyze
is carried out for Elastic Static Analysis (ESA). From graph plotted indicates that:

1) The maximum drift along X-direction for regular structure without shear wall is
0.00188
2) The maximum drift along X-direction for regular structure with shear wall at position
1 (corner) is 0.00145
3) The maximum drift along X-direction for regular structure with shear wall at position
2 is 0.00139
4) The maximum drift along X-direction for regular structure with shear wall at position
at position 3 (center) is 0.00095
5) The maximum drift t along X-direction for irregular structure without shear wall is
0.00231
6) The maximum drift t along X-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at position
at position 1 (corner) is 0.0012
7) The maximum drift along X-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at position
at position 2 (center) is 0.00123

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5.3.2 Lateral Storey Drift for Building in Y-Direction for Elastic Static Analysis
(ESA)

Storey Drifts-ESA

STOREYS model 1 model 2 model 3 model 4 model 5 model 6 model 7

TERRACE 0.000452 0.001242 0.001137 0.000875 0.000588 0.001015 0.001203
STORY14 0.00072 0.0013 0.001197 0.000914 0.000849 0.001042 0.001219
STORY13 0.000979 0.001354 0.001255 0.000939 0.001105 0.001065 0.00123
STORY12 0.001205 0.001409 0.001314 0.000959 0.00133 0.001085 0.001235
STORY11 0.001397 0.001456 0.001366 0.000969 0.00152 0.001097 0.001232
STORY10 0.001556 0.001489 0.001405 0.000968 0.001676 0.001099 0.001217
STORY9 0.001685 0.001505 0.001427 0.000956 0.001801 0.001087 0.001188
STORY8 0.001788 0.001498 0.001427 0.000932 0.001898 0.001061 0.001144
STORY7 0.001865 0.001464 0.001402 0.000893 0.001968 0.001018 0.001083
STORY6 0.001921 0.001401 0.001348 0.000841 0.002079 0.000957 0.001004
STORY5 0.001958 0.001305 0.00126 0.000773 0.002233 0.000875 0.000905
STORY4 0.001978 0.00117 0.001136 0.00069 0.002373 0.000772 0.000785
STORY3 0.001975 0.000994 0.00097 0.000591 0.002482 0.000645 0.000643
STORY2 0.001916 0.000768 0.000755 0.000474 0.002497 0.000491 0.000479
STORY1 0.001612 0.000533 0.000551 0.000379 0.002112 0.000352 0.000321
GF 0.00062 0.000282 0.00032 0.000299 0.000801 0.000204 0.000232

Table 5.4: Storey Drifts Along Y-Direction (ESA)

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Storey Drifts Along Y-Axis (ESA)

16
15
model 1(without sw)
14
13 model 2(corner)
12 model 3(corner 2)
11
10 model 4(middle)
Storeys

9 model 5(without sw)

8
7 model 6(corner)
6 model 7(middle)
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003
Storey drifts

Fig. 5.7 Storeys vs Storey drifts in Y-direction (ESA)

Maximum storey drifts in Y direction (ESA)

model 7

model 6 model 1
model 2
model 5
model 3
model 4
model 4
model 3 model 5

model 2 model 6
model 7
model 1

0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003

Fig. 5.8 Maximum Storey Drifts Along X-Direction (ESA)

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Fig 5.7 and 5.8, shows storey drifts v/s no. of storeys for regular and irregular model having
shear wall at different location along Y-direction for seismic zone V and wind load,
analyses is carried out for Elastic Static Analysis (ESA). From graph plotted indicates that:

1) The maximum drift along Y-direction for regular structure without shear wall is 0.00198
2) The maximum drift along Y-direction for regular structure with shear wall at position
1 (corner) is 0.00151
3) The maximum drift along Y-direction for regular structure with shear wall at position
2 is 0.00141
4) The maximum drift along Y-direction for regular structure with shear wall at position
at position 3 (center) is 0.00097
5) The maximum drift t along Y-direction for irregular structure without shear wall is
0.00250
6) The maximum drift t along Y-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at position
at position 1 (corner) is 0.00096
7) The maximum drift along Y-direction for irregular structure with shear wall at position
at position 2 (center) is 0.00124

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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
In the present study an attempt has been made to check the performance of high rise
building with shear wall at the different position with seismic zone V. Elastic static analysis
(ESA) are carried for the results.
Totally 14 models of 15 storey each are considered for modal analysis. The results obtained
from analysis are tabulated and compared. From comparison of results following are the
major conclusion drawn.

• Shear wall affects the stiffness of the structure, walls increase the strength to the
structure to resists the lateral forces by increasing the performance of the structure.
• Storey displacement, storey drift has been reduced for all structures with shear walls
in the middle as compared to corner for regular structure.
• Storey displacement, storey drift has been reduced for all structures with shear walls
in the corner as compared to middle for irregular structure.
• The maximum lateral storey displacement exists at the terrace level for all types of
structures.
• The maximum storey drift generally occur at the mid height of structure and it
decrease from mid height towards the roof level.

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Scope for further study

• Soil structure interaction can be study for same structure.
• Use of hollow shear wall.
• Study can be carried out with respect to pounding action of shear wall.
• Location of shear wall on different storey levels
• Performances of shear wall for different seismic zones with other seismic resistance
devices.
• For present study, the dynamic analysis is done by response spectrum method and
for further study, time history analysis can be carried out.
• Present study has been carried out on flat ground, therefore for further study it can
be carried out for sloping ground.

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REFERENCE

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11. M. Tamim and A Tanwer,(7, July 2014), “Structural Configuration Optimization of

a Multistorey Building by Optimum Positioning of Shear Wall”, International
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Shear Wall”, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Volume 04,
ISSN:0974-5904.

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