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Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Problems

This document contains 25 problems related to properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices. The problems involve calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various matrices, determining if a matrix is orthogonal based on its structure, and relating the eigenvalues of a matrix to the eigenvalues of its inverse, adjoint, and powers.

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198 views2 pages

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Problems

This document contains 25 problems related to properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices. The problems involve calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various matrices, determining if a matrix is orthogonal based on its structure, and relating the eigenvalues of a matrix to the eigenvalues of its inverse, adjoint, and powers.

Uploaded by

grayna
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore - 641 062

MA3151-Matrices & Calculus


Unit-I : Problems based on Properties of Eigen values and Eigenvectors

Part – A
 3 4 4 
1) Find the sum and product of the eigen values of the matrix  1 2 4 
 
 1 1 3 
 .
2) A is a singular matrix of order three, 2 and 3 are the eigen values. Find the third eigen value.

3) If A-1 = 1  2 4  , find eigen values of A.


24  2 8 
 3 1 4
 
4) Find the eigenvalues of A and A where A   0 2 6 
1 2

0 0 5
 
 1 1 3
 
5) If 3 and 6 are two eigenvalues of A   1 5 1  write down all the eigenvalues of A 1 .
 3 1 1
 

6) If the eigen values of the matrix A of order 3 are 1,2,3, then find eigen values of adjoint of A.

7) If 0.5, 1.5 are eigenvalues of A = 1   find the value of α.



1 1
2 2 1
8) Two eigen values of the matrix A =  1 3 1  are equal to 1 each. Find the eigen values of A-1.
 
1 2 2
 
3
9) If X =   is the eigenvector of a matrix A, find the eigen vector of A-1.
 2

 6 2 2 
10) The product of two eigen values of the matrix A=  2 3 1 is 16. Find the third eigen
 
 2 1 3 
 
value.
2 0 1
11) If 2 and 3 are the eigen values of A =  0 2 0  find the value of α.
 
 0 2 

 a 4
12) Find the values of a and b such that the matrix   has 3 and -2 as its eigen values.
1 b

[Link], ASP(Mathematics),PSGiTech., Page 1


8 6 2
13) If 3 and 15 are two eigen values of A =  6 7 4  , find |A| without expanding the
 
 2 4 3 

determinant.

3 1 1 
14) Two of the eigen values of A =  1  -1
5 1 are 3 and 6. Find the eigen values of A .

1 1 3 

1 2 
15) If -1 is an eigen value of A=   find the eigen values of A4 using properties.
 3 2 

16) If 1 and 2 are the eigen values of a 2x2 matrix A, what are the eigen values of A2and A-1?

 3 1 4
17) Find the eigen values of A and A where A =  0 2 6 
3 -1
 
0 0 5
 
18) If 2,1,3 are the eigenvalues of the matrix A , then find the eigen values of the matrix A2  2I .

19) If the sum of two eigen values and trace of a 3x3 matrix A are equal, find the value of |A|.

1 2 3 
20) Find the eigen values of A given A=  0 2 7  .
3
 
0 0 3 
 
21) For a given matrix A of order 3, A  32 and two of its eigen values are 8 and 2.

1
22) If α and β are the eigen values of  3 3 3
 form the matrix whose eigen values are α and β .
 1 5 
 cos  sin  
23) Show that   is orthogonal.
  sin  cos  
 cos  sin  0 
 
24) Check whether the matrix B    sin  cos  0  is orthogonal? Justify.
 0 1 
 0
25) The Eigen vectors of a 3x3 real symmetric matrix A corresponding to the eigenvalues 2,3,6 are
[1,0,-1]T, [1,1,1]T and [-1,2,-1]T respectively, find the matrix A.

[Link], ASP(Mathematics),PSGiTech., Page 2

Common questions

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If the eigenvalues of A are given, say λ1, λ2, and λ3, then the eigenvalues of A^3 are λ1^3, λ2^3, and λ3^3.

The trace of a matrix, the sum of diagonal elements, equals the sum of its eigenvalues. This property helps verify eigenvalues and solve related problems such as finding missing values or validating given eigenvalues.

Eigenvalues of a product like AB do not simply multiply the eigenvalues of A and B, unless A and B commute (AB = BA). When two matrices commute, their eigenvectors are shared, and their product's eigenvalues are the products of their eigenvalues.

The eigenvalues of the inverse of a matrix are the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the original matrix. Therefore, if the matrix has eigenvalues 3 and 15, its inverse would have eigenvalues 1/3 and 1/15.

For a matrix A with eigenvalues λ1, λ2, ..., λn, the eigenvalues of A^-1 are 1/λ1, 1/λ2, ..., 1/λn, and for a matrix like 1-A, the eigenvalues become 1-λ1, 1-λ2, ..., 1-λn. These transformations rely on understanding how matrix operations affect eigenstructures.

For a matrix A of order n with eigenvalues λ1, λ2, ..., λn, the eigenvalues of its adjoint, or adjugate matrix, are given by adjacent values multiplied by (product of the eigenvalues of A divided by each λi), provided λi is non-zero.

For a singular matrix, one of the eigenvalues must be zero. Given two eigenvalues of the matrix are 2 and 3, and knowing the matrix is singular, the third eigenvalue must be 0.

To compute eigenvalues of a scalar transformation like kA where k is a scalar, multiply each eigenvalue of A by k. For instance, if eigenvalues are λ1, λ2, λ3, the eigenvalues of kA are kλ1, kλ2, and kλ3.

Orthogonal matrices have eigenvalues of magnitude 1. They also satisfy the condition AA^T = I, implying eigenvectors are orthogonal. These properties stem from matrix transformations that preserve vector norms and orientations.

To confirm a trigonometric matrix is orthogonal, verify that the matrix times its transpose equals the identity matrix. For components like cos θ and sin θ, show that det(A) = 1 and AA^T = I using trigonometric identities such as sin²θ + cos²θ = 1.

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