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Writing Effective Review Papers

A review paper summarizes and analyzes the current state of research on a topic. It discusses findings from several primary research papers to develop a clear argument. The review identifies evidence that supports or refutes perspectives in the field. It also describes experimental techniques used to generate key data. Non-expert reviews often reinterpret expert reviews without examining primary sources and have little scientific value. To write a review, authors must become familiar with the topic through general articles and references before developing a focused perspective and outlining what their analysis will cover. The body should include visuals to inform and engage readers while wrapping up the argument.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views2 pages

Writing Effective Review Papers

A review paper summarizes and analyzes the current state of research on a topic. It discusses findings from several primary research papers to develop a clear argument. The review identifies evidence that supports or refutes perspectives in the field. It also describes experimental techniques used to generate key data. Non-expert reviews often reinterpret expert reviews without examining primary sources and have little scientific value. To write a review, authors must become familiar with the topic through general articles and references before developing a focused perspective and outlining what their analysis will cover. The body should include visuals to inform and engage readers while wrapping up the argument.

Uploaded by

Reynver Lasala
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WHAT IS A REVIEW PAPER?

A review paper presents a balanced review of a particular topic so that a person who is
not an expert on the subject will understand it.

The paper summarizes the current understanding by experts of the topic and discusses the
findings of recent research papers.

A review paper is NOT a report on some references you found. It IS an analysis of


several papers to produce a clear and logical argument about a topic. Some of the papers
should be "Primary" papers that are the original research papers that many people will
refer to when citing research. You probably will need help to decipher a primary paper.

Examples of scientific reviews can be found in:


• Scientific American
• the journal Science
• Science News
• Nature in the "News and Views" section
• Documentaries such as Food Inc. or Dirt
• Books...

You can often find primary articles by reading the references in a review article, or using
the authors’ names of the review article(s).

“A key aspect of a review paper is that it provides the evidence for a particular point
of view in a field. A large focus of your paper should be a description of the data that
support or refute that point of view. In addition, you should inform the reader of the
experimental techniques that were used to generate the data.” In the case of GMO, this
would include the techniques scientists use to take DNA from one organism and transfer
it to another.

If you have an iPad and the app “Zite”, you can choose GMO in your “Quicklist” and you
will get review articles that have been recently published, usually by non-experts, mostly
“bloggers”. These are usually non-scientists…often aspiring journalists. They are often
well written, but with very little scientific value since they are written by non-experts
who usually reinterpret review articles without going back to any primary sources.

NOW FOR THE PROCESS of "Creation"

Before you begin, you need to be familiar with your subject. You will have great difficulty if you
are not familiar with your subject matter. You have been taught this in English class and in
composition class from at least the fifth grade. This is nothing new. Read many articles before
you think of writing. The articles you begin with should be very general until you become more
familiar with the subject. A science review article is different from a non-science article by
having a very methodical story, without exaggerating, and using lots of data from reliable
sources. To find reliable sources, you can start with Wikipedia and use its references as I
described in class. This can be frustrating, but if you persevere, it will usually pay off. Using
[Link] is often very helpful also. You can search for images in Wiki, Google,
Bing, and directly from scientific articles.

Here are some 10 brief steps to follow when you write your paper

1) Choose a clear and captivating title.


2) Put your name below the title.
3) Begin with a clear statement of the subject and its importance in the world.
4) Create an introduction. Your introduction should be short and concise (~1page). Do not call
the intro section the "introduction"... just begin writing.
5) Pictures and graphs can be very informative...use them whenever they make a visual point in
the introduction...but keep them simple and on subject...do not ramble. Scientists love
data...you can have as many pages of images you want...don't write more than a few single-
spaced pages in the first draft.
6) Narrow your perspective by the end of the first page.
7) Once you have narrowed your subject, for eggsample ( I had eggs this morning) from GMOs
to GMO crops and how they damage the environment, try and give the reader a clear
statement on what you will be reviewing. Try to present both sides of the issue...for example,
if you chose to concentrate on transgenic crops, give the reader some evidence how it can be
good, and how it can be bad for the environment,
8) The body of the paper should have many visuals...and amuse and inform the readers, or
stimulate the readers' imaginations.
9) Wrap up your argument...some authors try and make this ending really thoughtful...
10) Give the references either at the end or as you go.

If you get stuck for wording, you can always put the words in quotes of another author...
Fides facet fidem...

Lastly, if you have trouble, either mail me or come see me, but I strongly suggest getting
something written and we can begin there.

"The tin pan bended and the story ended"

Common questions

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Including experimental techniques in a review paper on GMO crops is crucial because it clarifies how data was gathered, allowing for an assessment of its reliability and relevance. Understanding the methodologies enables readers to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the studies discussed, thereby enhancing the paper's credibility and aiding in the synthesis of a logical argument .

Beginning with general articles provides a foundational understanding of the topic, allowing the researcher to grasp basic concepts and contexts before exploring specific, complex scientific literature. This approach facilitates learning and helps organize thoughts, enabling a smoother transition into more detailed studies and fostering a deeper understanding of intricate subjects found in primary papers .

A review paper comprehensively analyzes multiple research papers, synthesizing a coherent argument about a topic, whereas a report on references merely compiles and summarizes existing literature without deeper analysis. This distinction is critical because a review paper provides evidence and analysis that contributes to the understanding of a field, while a report lacks this analytical depth. Review papers also examine primary research papers, contrasting the surface-level engagement typical of a report .

Non-expert articles, like those by bloggers, can diminish the quality and credibility of a review paper by introducing potential inaccuracies and unsubstantiated claims due to their lack of reliance on primary sources. In scientific contexts, where evidence and peer-reviewed data are critical, reliance on non-expert writings can mislead readers, underscoring the importance of distinguishing between credible and non-credible sources .

Exposure to primary research papers can benefit a science review article by providing direct insights into original data and methodologies, which are crucial for accurate synthesis and critique. This process enhances skills such as critical analysis, methodological evaluation, and the ability to integrate diverse data sources into a coherent narrative. Understanding these aspects deepens an author's comprehension and allows for a more substantiated and evidence-based review .

Narrowing the perspective in the introduction of a review paper is significant as it focuses the paper on specific aspects of a broad topic, setting clear boundaries for the scope of the review. This focus helps to structure the paper logically and ensures that the subsequent argument is coherent and concise, preventing it from being overly broad or unfocused .

Authors might face challenges such as information overload and bias when selecting comprehensive and relevant references. To overcome these, they must critically evaluate the source's credibility, relevance to the research question, and contribution to the field. Leveraging tools like Google Scholar for authoritative databases and careful cross-referencing with other reputable sources can assist in maintaining comprehensive and relevant citations .

Visual tools like graphs and images play a significant role in review papers by illustrating data trends and highlighting key points, making complex information more accessible. They can clarify concepts, provide visual summaries of data, and stimulate the reader's imagination, thus enhancing understanding and engagement with the material. Their effective use can bridge gaps between textual data and the reader’s comprehension .

Presenting multiple perspectives on controversial topics like transgenic crops is essential to provide a balanced analysis and foster critical thinking. This approach allows discussions of both benefits and drawbacks, supporting informed decision-making. However, the challenge lies in maintaining neutrality and synthesizing diverse data into coherent arguments without personal bias or misleading interpretation .

Selecting a topic for a review paper involves identifying a subject area where significant research exists and requires synthesis and evaluation of existing findings. Unlike a primary research paper that focuses on novel experimental results, a review paper must distill and critique various studies to present a balanced understanding. This requires familiarity with the field and the ability to discern reliable sources and the most relevant studies, which can be challenging due to the breadth of existing literature .

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