MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

VIDYAVARDHINI’S BHAUSAHEB
VARTAK POLYTECHNIC ,VASAI ROAD
WEST

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2022-2023

Title of Micro Project:

Generations of operating system

Program/Code: Computer Engineering (CO) Semester: FIFTH

Course/Code : Operating System (22516)

Name: Jash Mhatre, Satvik Pereira, Stalin Rodrigues Roll No:1904,1905,1906

Enrolment No.: 2000930063,2000930064
2000930065

Name of Faculty: Mr. Anurag Rathod

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. /Ms.

Roll No:1906 of FIFTH Semester of Diploma in of Institute, B.V. POLYTECHNIC

(Code: 0093) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject OPERATING
SYSTEM(22516) for the academic year 2022- 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Vasai Enrolment No: 2000930063-65

Date: ……………………… Exam. Seat No: …………………………………….

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of Institution
 Annexure - I

Part A: Micro Project Proposal

1.1Aim/Benefits of the Micro-Project: The main to Study Generations of operating system

2.1 Course Outcomes integrated:
1. Communicating effectively by avoiding barriers in formal and informal situations
2. communicate skillfully using non-verbal methods
3. Give presentations by using audio visual aids
4. Write reports using correct guidelines
[Link] e-mail and formal business
letters
3.1 Proposed Methodology:
1. Literature survey.
2. Collect information through different sources
3. Analysis of data.
4. Compilation of collected data.

4.0 Action Plan

Sr. Planned Planned Name of

Details of the activity
No. Start date Finish date Members
1 Formation of Group & Topic Selection All members
2 Submission of Proposed Plan All members
3 Preparation of Report All members
4 Final valuation of a working Report All members
5 Presentation of Report All members
6 Submission of Final Report All members

5.0 Resource Required:

Sr.
Name of resources/Material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.
Processor: i3
1. Computer 1
RAM : 4.00 GB
2. Microsoft Word Word -2016
3. Printer Hp Laser Jet 1
4. Book/ website name
6.0 Name of Team Members with Roll No:

Roll No Individual
Sr. Process and Total
Name of Students Presentation
No. Product
assessment (06) (04) (10)

01 1904
Jash Mhatre
02 1905
Satvik Pereira
03 1906
Stalin Rodrigues

Name & Signature of Faculty: Mr. Anurag Rathod

 Annexure- I

Final Micro Project

Report

Title: To Study Generations of operating system

Rationale: An Operating is basically a system program that controls the execution of application
program and act as interface between application and the computer hardware. It manages the
computer system resources to be in efficient manner. This course is prerequisite for the group of
course included in ‘Cloud Infrastructure Maintenance’ Elective group
2. 0 Course Outcomes Integrated:
1. Install operating system and configure it.
2. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
3. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
4. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.
5. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.
Apply file management techniques.
3.0 Actual Procedure Followed.
1 Discussion about topic with guide and among group members
2 Literature survey
3 Information collection
4 Compilation of content
5 Editing and revising content
6 Report Preparation
4.0: Actual Resources Required:

Sr.
Name of resources/Material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.
Processor: i3
1. Computer 1
RAM : 4.00 GB
2. Microsoft Word Word -2016
3. Printer Hp Laser Jet 1
4. Book/Site name

7.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

The following skills were developed:

1. Teamwork: Learned to work in a team and boost individual confidence.
2. Problem-Solving: Developed good problem solving habits.
3. Technical Writing: Preparing the report of proposed plan and the final report.
 Annexure - III

Rubrics for Assessment of Micro-Project

Title: To Study Generations of operating system

Institute Code: 0093/1738 Academic year: 2022-2023

Program: CO Course & Code: OSY(22516)
Name of Candidate: Roll No:
Semester: FIFTH Name of Faculty: Mr. Anurag Rathod

Sr. Poor Average Good Excellent

Characteristic to be Assessed
No. (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks 9-10)

1. Relevance to the Course

Literature Survey/Information
2.
Collection
3. Project Proposal
Completion of the Target as per
4.
Project Proposal
5. Analysis of Data and Representation
6. Quality of Prototype/Model
7. Report Preparation
8. Presentation
9. Viva
 Annexure- IV

Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Title: To Study Generations of operating system

Institute Code: 0093 Academic year: 2022-2023

Program:CO Course & Code: OSY (22516)
Name of Candidate: Roll No:
Semester: FIFTH Name of Faculty: Mr. Anurag Rathod
Course Outcomes Achieved:
6. Install operating system and configure it.
7. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.
8. Execute process commands for performing process management operations.
9. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.
10. Calculate efficiency of different memory management techniques.
11. Apply file management techniques.
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project:
Sr. Characteristic to be Poor Average Good Marks Excellent Sub
No. assessed Marks Marks 4-5 6-8 Marks 9-10 Total
1-3
(A) Process and product assessment Out Of 6

1 Relevance to the course

2 Literature Survey .
Information Collection
3 Completion of the
Target as per project
proposal
4 Analysis of Data and
representation
5 Quality of
Prototype/Model/Conte
nt
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva Out of 4
7 Presentation .
8 Viva

Name and designation of the Faculty Member: Mr. Anurag Rathod

 Weekly Activity Sheet
Topic: To Study Generations of operating system

Institute Code: 0093 Academic year: 2019-20

Program: CO Course & Code: OSY(22516)
Name of Candidate: Roll No:

Semester: FIFTH Name of Faculty: Mr. Anurag Rathod

SR. NO WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED

1. 1st Week Discussion and Finalization of Topic

2. 2nd Week Literature Review
3. 3rd Week Submission of Proposed Plan
4 4th Week Information Collection
5. 5th Week Analysis of Data
6. 6th Week Compilation of content
7. 7th Week Editing and Revising the Content
8. 8th Week Report Preparation
9. 9th Week Report Preparation
10. 10th- 12th Week Presentation

Signature of Student Dated Signature of Faculty

 INDEX

Sr. Title Page No .

1. 2
Information on operating system

2. 3
History of OS

3. 4
Advantage and Disadvantages of
Operating System

4. 5
Information on Kernel in Operating
System

5. 6-9
Generations of Operating System

9. 10
References for the micro project

7. 11
Conclusion

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1.0 Information on Operating System
 An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between computer hardware components
and the user. Every computer system must have at least one operating system to run other programs.
Applications like Browsers, MS Office, Notepad Games, etc., need some environment to run and perform
its tasks.
 The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s
language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an
operating system.

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 History Of OS

 Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
 The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701
 In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks
 In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
 The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a
Seattle company
 The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI was created and
paired with MS-DOS.

2.0 Types of Operating System (OS)

Following are the popular types of OS (Operating System):

 Batch Operating System

 Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
 Multiprocessing OS
 Real Time OS
 Distributed OS
 Network OS
 Mobile OS

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2.1 Advantage of Operating System

 Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction.

 Easy to use with a GUI.
 Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications.
 The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to use.
 Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the hardware components.
 It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format.
 Acts as an intermediator between all hardware’s and software’s of the system.

2.2 Disadvantages of Operating System

 If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored in your system.
 Operating system’s software is quite expensive for small size organization which adds burden on
them. Example Windows
 It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time.

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3.0 Information on Kernel in Operating System
 The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systems. The only job performed by the kernel
is to the manage the communication between the software and the hardware. A Kernel is at the nucleus of a
computer. It makes the communication between the hardware and software possible. While the Kernel is the
innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the outermost one.

3.1 Features of Kernel

 Low-level scheduling of processes

 Inter-process communication
 Process synchronization
 Context switching

3.2 Types of Kernel

 There are many types of kernels that exists, but among them, the two most popular kernels are:

1. Monolithic
 A monolithic kernel is a single code or block of the program. It provides all the required services offered
by the operating system. It is a simplistic design which creates a distinct communication layer between
the hardware and software.

2. Microkernels
 Microkernel manages all system resources. In this type of kernel, services are implemented in
different address space. The user services are stored in user address space, and kernel services are
stored under kernel address space. So, it helps to reduce the size of both the kernel and operating
system.

5
 Generations of Operating System

 When we say Operating System, we think about MacOS, Windows, Linux etc. Early generations of
Operating System didn’t look like that. There are four generations of Operating System.

1. The First Generation (1940 to early 1950s)

When the first electronic computer was developed in 1940, it was created without any operating system.
In early times, users have full access to the computer machine and write a program for each task in
absolute machine language. The programmer can perform and solve only simple mathematical
calculations during the computer generation, and this calculation does not require an operating system.

6
2. The Second Generation (1955 - 1965)

The first operating system (OS) was created in the early 1950s and was known as GMOS. General
Motors has developed OS for the IBM computer. The second-generation operating system was based on a
single stream batch processing system because it collects all similar jobs in groups or batches and then
submits the jobs to the operating system using a punch card to complete all jobs in a machine. At each
completion of jobs (either normally or abnormally), control transfer to the operating system that is cleaned
after completing one job and then continues to read and initiates the next job in a punch card. After that,
new machines were called mainframes, which were very big and used by professional operators.

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3. The Third Generation (1965 - 1980)

During the late 1960s, operating system designers were very capable of developing a new operating system
that could simultaneously perform multiple tasks in a single computer program called multiprogramming.
The introduction of multiprogramming plays a very important role in developing operating systems that
allow a CPU to be busy every time by performing different tasks on a computer at the same time. During
the third generation, there was a new development of minicomputer's phenomenal growth starting in 1961
with the DEC PDP-1. These PDP's leads to the creation of personal computers in the fourth generation.

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4. The Fourth Generation (1980 - Present Day)

The fourth generation of operating systems is related to the development of the personal computer. However,
the personal computer is very similar to the minicomputers that were developed in the third generation. The
cost of a personal computer was very high at that time; there were small fractions of minicomputers costs.
A major factor related to creating personal computers was the birth of Microsoft and the Windows
operating system. Microsoft created the first window operating system in 1975. After introducing the
Microsoft Windows OS, Bill Gates and Paul Allen had the vision to take personal computers to the next
level. Therefore, they introduced the MS-DOS in 1981; however, it was very difficult for the person
to understand its cryptic commands. Today, Windows has become the most popular and most commonly
used operating system technology. And then, Windows released various operating systems such as
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP and the latest operating system, Windows 7. Currently,
most Windows users use the Windows 10 operating system. Besides the Windows operating system,
Apple is another popular operating system built in the 1980s, and this operating system was developed
by Steve Jobs, a co-founder of Apple. They named the operating system Macintosh OS or Mac OS.

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4.0 Reference for the Microproject are:-
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]

10
5.0 Conclusion

This project for Operating System has been created by the students of

TYCO (1904-1906), year 2022 to 2023. In this project we have given the brief explanation on
Generations of Operation System.

All the group members worked really hard to create this project and have contributed equally.
Due to this project, we have our concepts clear regarding various topics in Operating System and
we can implement this knowledge going further.

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