The purpose of this assignment is to prepare you for the exam on the
unit chapter.
Answer the questions below in a word processor and submit your
answers in the text entry box.
1. Define tolerance, withdrawal, and substance use disorder. As a
clinician, which signs and symptoms would you assess for in
order to determine whether someone meets the DSM-5 diagnostic
criteria for substance use disorder? Be specific in describing the
symptoms.
Tolerance is when an individual need to increase doses of the
substance abuse to produce the desired effect, withdrawal is when the
reaction consist of unpleasant sometimes dangerous symptoms,
anxiety, cramps, sweating, nausea when a person slow down their
intake or stop taking the drug and substance use disorder is the
pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by the
constant use of the substance. For the DSM-5 diagnostic to be a
criterion the individual must be an substance abuser or dependent.
2. In what ways have the use and misuse of alcohol become one of
society's greatest problems? Discuss at least three affected domains:
personal, social, occupational, and physical.
Alcohol use and misuse have become societies greatest problem as it
can be led to drunk driving accidents, domestic violence etc. Three
affected domains are personal as it may lead to a person becoming an
alcoholic severely effect their psychological and behavior it can
physically damage their body functions. Social loosing jobs, causing
domestic issues to your peers while in gatherings because of lack of
control. And
3. Compare and contrast heroin and cocaine in terms of the
physiological properties of the drugs, the forms in which the drugs are
normally taken, and the prevalence of abuse of each.
Heroin is a depressant so it reduces tension, may interfere with a person
judgement, motor activity, concentration it cause an individual heart rate to slow while
cocaine is a stimulant so it increases the heart rate, blood pressure, make a person more alert,
and speed up behavior and think. Cocaine can lead to cardiotoxicity.
4. Describe the typical use and effects of amphetamines. Make sure to
note the prevalence and occurrence of their usage.
The typical use of amphetamines is a stimulant for ADHD, depression,
asthma, and weight loss. The effects of amphetamines are that if
abused you can develop sores on your body, it can affect your
physical, mental and social health.
5. Nicotine use and abuse through smoking cigarettes affects
approximately 24 percent of Americans. What are the effects of
tobacco use disorder? Why is tobacco use disorder so difficult to
treat? What are two treatments for this disorder?
The effects of tobacco use disorder are long lasting addiction.
Tobacco is so difficulty to treat because just like other disorders is a
psychoactive drug and central nervous system stimulant that is highly
addictive. Tobacco makes the individual feel happy and relax once it
releases endorphin. pharmacotherapy and psychosocial are the two treatments for
tobacco use.
6. Assume that a totally new hallucinogenic drug has hit the streets,
and you are part of a research team charged with investigating the
new drug. Which information would you want to gather? How might
you begin to assess the impact of the new drug on society? Assume
(unrealistically, of course) your budget is practically limitless.
I would see look at the short term and long term effect of the drug on
the physical, biological and emotional function of and individual also
how long the drug take to effect the individual after usage.
7. A friend of yours tells you she is going to try LSD and wants to know
what to expect. Give an example of hallucinosis. Include both short-
term and long-term risks of taking the drug.
LSD is a drug that causes hallucinogens. The short-term effects is
within 2 hour of usage it brings hallucinogen intoxication, it distorts
your perception, physical and psychological input. In long term risk
you may experience psychosis, mood or anxiety disorder, flash back
for days or months after USA, sensory and emotional changes.
8. Describe the different possible effects of smoking cannabis.
The different possible effects include, panic reactions, some people
have the fear of loosing their minds, failure to remember certain
information, longer term users may develop lung disease,
9. Describe how marijuana has changed since the 1970s and describe
the increase in the number of diagnoses of “cannabis use disorder,” as
well as the dangers associated with marijuana use. How might these
be related?
In the 1970 marijuana was used as a medical intervention, now it is
properly used for self-satisfaction. Today 6.4 percent of high school
seniors and smoke it daily and this might be related to the fact that 70
percent of seniors do not believe it’s a risk.
10. Describe the synergistic effect of polysubstance use. Make sure to
address the different kinds of synergistic effects.
Synergistic effect of polysubstance use is often greater than the sum
of the effect of each drug taken alone. When the two drugs are used
together even a small amount it can cause an enormous change in the
body. Similar action is when the drugs have the same effect if
combined it can cause coma, intoxication and even death. When the
drug has opposite effect antagonistic drug, they may build up toxic,
lethal, or levels of depressant drugs in their system.
11. Compare and contrast any two views on substance use disorders—
sociocultural, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and biological—
and discuss two ways in which they explain the causes of these
disorders.
Sociocultural view holds the position that a person may have
developed this substance use disorder because of socioeconomic
conditions and psychodynamic is when an individual have powerful
dependency need that may be traced to their early years, ex. When a
child is in need of their parents for nurturance the child is likely to
grow up depending excessively on others for help and comfort, trying
to find the nurturance that they were lacking during the early years.
12. Describe how neurotransmitters and the brain's reward circuit can
play a role in substance abuse.
Neurotransmitters and brain reward circuit trigger each other to
produce a distant behavioral, cognitive or emotional reaction. It
stimulates pleasure , causing the individual to constantly want it as
the neurotransmitters constantly activate it decreases the normal
biological functioning of it in the brain requiring more and more once
the substance is removed.
13. A 20-year-old friend of yours tells you he wants to receive
treatment for alcohol use disorder. Which form of treatment would you
recommend and why? Detail the strengths of the form of treatment you
would recommend, along with its possible weaknesses.
I would recommend a antianxiety drug which will help her to reduce
the severe alcohol withdrawal and detoxification programs that will
help motivate her during her withdraw and social cultural therapies. I
would recommend this because, it will help her during her withdrawal
phase and social cultural therapies will help because most therapist
believe it emerge in social settings.
14. Describe the role of antagonistic drugs in the treatment of
substance use disorders. Give two examples of antagonistic drugs and
their effects.
Antagonistic drug helps change or block the effect of the addictive
drug. Example the disulfiram will cause an alcoholic to have intense
nausea, vomiting and naloxone which attach endorphin receptors, so it
removes the usual effect from the opioid.
15. A recent addition in DSM-5 to the substance use disorders section
is gambling disorder. Internet use disorder is under consideration for
future inclusion. How are gambling disorder and Internet use disorder
like, and different from, substance use disorders?
They both are addictive disorders and can may cause withdrawal effects.