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Modulation Techniques

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Preetham M. C Preetham M. C
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16 views30 pages

Modulation Techniques

Uploaded by

Preetham M. C Preetham M. C
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Rimeny dodo ° poof > nom Retin de 2e%0 wmipolan Prat a ios nl -1 1 L ® Wen ten te zero Paar {rai +! | — or = -1 © now veaom do Zerg — Ioipelan jevmoh | +1 Cl / I 1 rq E IC ° or T —— +++ SU-OULD OUT oe es a Man chap Fen 5 49: Bimedwy data fi urvats Tho we gf on abpropiakt wa JS) bessband Fepred—enration gq Agta) dato L have eh Lnamowen pum ASounry ta dAdtinolio. hy Show's fon Auf rord Sanat, 1. the YeBeseniation 4 ine bimady dota Seywne oUO1oocoll. Tn the unipaan a Synbel 1 sn mapaderted by Anamurutiing a pulse , wi ar symblO is Sefrdonted by Sukhng off te pubes du fut chorchion of & Sybel 1 When dhe pubs occupied fh umipdan {pirat bb Said b 4 thu aon stun te Ze (NR2) by whon jh occupier fraction ho Symbol dutrehin . it is Said ty bo Youn te 2010 (RZ) . TA he — polas ot) OO paitive palsy oy epee tama a fagakive pub 48 otal 0. xe atc # og TR eT at pt a oh MBG. Unlike thy mips war ® sbddn weve no “de Component ‘pe 8 pda warrin hays WH He etpalan ere PEt and Regeitive pulse» AS Wed atom brawny oh U's) cond "0 al ¥ tha bronmisyion aj 08. on cam “<4 NR2 MRD URZ Ewen a dps ipsa b wn in 49 ©, Tha. pals nee Peshery g the bipdedr pamod Jmowidler 0 ceipar li f@ imsowée @_mmirting im tu gene thal any ideetes endl unet, ab camry thy deletion & cowabion dor pula, wi volot atin be mH tnt monte lavmat (bijphase lxse bornd see A in maprasented by 9 knarwmibling a pedis Pals ong hal ef ake Symbol dusedim followed by a Te me put Se "Semmainiing hall 4) dh 3) ekganalin; 42 Subd p > trun wo pulses su dranrmited an Tevovg Md. “Yb im "EG @ The WR version 44 umipelen pelo 4 “bipder Jamab maka afyiGenr ure Band uxclth, jsut toy dine She Syn CANO nijation caper. mes fBmos had oe Sydtowugckiom Copalsili becamy Dine in ome cet Sane 4% Catch bs Intend Bub Shir Cap cls y a 5 oe eocbemse oO bamdwidh Tequiuwmons umicpelan, bela cre bipdlan 4Pmets © 1 oe o 1 4 +3 T — Pe oo 1 a -3 — : @ wana encoded _ +31 _——_, L + | | | c— + ° 1 = -1}——_] -3 | ® Gray - eniccled fg: Polo awawOunany Many Amat) ‘ _— — - The uditigetion Ramdwilih can We “maclt. more. ob Latptung ah Maly jamal Bh Uke Teh otensaton Habs orp Senay dato. Tre pela Awarkermadyy jamad of Hy Rr ype - Show sy fig. A cnutemndnry Code heda oun daskuneh Snpmbd Seu te as" etbibs (Pain) abil). Cosh dibit “Jr a98iqnid Jove) ” acidame with He narra code Oy goay Code oY “0 Fob. dha impud kuna Sequence 110106011 ao menweed ayo Ton Saente ef dilbit,, 4 Ol, 10, 10,000NY amd each Abby im de >°une DS TeEwWerdd bya lve J itp oun. Im Gray cols Yu ode “ert ib one anmamged un duth @ Way that diya Py Oly ona yh. ot toyooot 1 | 1 44 a | Lio —_ 4B Orjjewntlad encoding fglereb Diebold emcoding stark with an anbiiraduy write) bt. om 49 O p&iive level » oun dhe ba) Lo The unfomation am thu impub binary Sterne isd} w> encoded dm tevin synod imansitio . ot 24: a Signal Branvition i» vel de devyreds wend o, whi ne dramition ee to doxignah Raa Ay peleoicty of a diphewntially” omco brenvelgian Tea I sme without opickng by imbeapadion . The Bvguna) bane infra may be vecovered bY Sampling dhe oe anda” ty paledity of adjacent Samp te on io ena) Jramitim hen ects . power gpscira discal CAR Xadeh. fyR2 jaime] co-ctkicsem) Are —Badic Pubye vce) Urupdan [n= 42s Symbol ult) Condy of Tectamguian ae pulse gf umit amplitude ond | 7 Fea ropa o | duhatim Th Popstar Acs FS - a adernag ~ — : Manche t “5 i 7 ware |momchs =a 7 SS eo Se AT Me EE em Fak ET polar | (So, dub FYE) Contes oh Veckam@ulan pula op | antos 2 . . ult Feng 4 8° ab 2, |aumis ormpada amd’ dunalion Pesduay) | 30 00 ee The signaling 4Srnat in the ambitude - mmedulated pubs tram, 7 Sangern pros X(t) dakjmed by xa)= 2 Anv-R1) — ® Ka-o0 where the cone Giemd An ib a diver tordom ve. iG OSC pulde " Shefpa amd T se dae “Symbol duro on The paver Special deity the cuncouls PRM Sma ¥ Lb ni by gr ay (ri LP E Raven Cramer) —F a ol wha VC4) ob dh Fouidn dnans|sim of the baie Racn) iy the cuuto-cgUelatin Jumction gown 6? R there LE in da ertpeckation eparato Ral) Valusn depend on the bypbs 4 dines PA ioe bn) dha stho 4évmat oe quem ? db wal umipdchr Fama t 7 & amd I's oa sandm? os Suppds ths o binary Seqpente [Link] unth Cal froe tiny “Mipelan JBwoet of tu NRE byps we Nave “plAne0)= P=) = V2 Hone ide n=0, quafo ceDudatki om qumetion ELAEI = (O)™ P(Ru=0) + @D*PLAK =a) considsn Tank dhe fmoduct Ax Ayn pnt. Thi had Jor panbe Veluop, 0/010 and ariclte Shap dha Ducane Symbds in the bimony Segner “Colby imdspendunt, dhe }eo’ veld u ee Vy cath. Hema Be Ned we E [Ax And = (0) Ju ans in gvenah = 72 7@ 2 #0 o / Wwe May thy expr th auto cevulation y ( ag N=0 Sam= 4. _ | Oy nZo haw o beckamigulon pulse Oy, ' ox wbp vtt) i “ hove Tp - Hemee, bs FO MUR drama} Luni curpliiuds cund chm of ult wal NUD = Th sinc Ch To) \ an dijmad by ots wang &y@ and O una eq O itn Te a jellconany “tds 4p) hy spourer Sebectraly con Be uo um spalar 1 4sumat - Hh amelt te) &. 2s C4amnite) 8x(t)= UT sum U To) 4 oh sume (t To) & = ay Udamg — -Porrbon's pprrvia ~ Me garntte) = 1 Te m>- fe a7 © ume Sine (tT) hay Tule of $- Tt!) pith G Theyre dhs -powen pecinal density io a) Te smct hf B+ #5 (| —@O bo GQ shoud th power shectna don pred Lien bln de and the wnfpuk ded WAZ Polar ASvrred Suppor the o's amd i's qa _,p) Ot t onda cbimary Seayvente ~ [Link] Wika equal Probably, thom . Jo spelad prema oj th “VRe ype we Aer . P(A =0) = Plays -a) = Vo Hera i Neo, Gude Cotati ponction io given as E (An Mead = E cae] =~ CO* P= ~2) + OE PHMe=*) a ae oo = ab coon ext the phedud Ae Agen 4 29, Tho ia ee Pei Vols [-Ox-a, -axa, ax -a,avaieB Ai a as vat], Adumming hat Uy Sucawive Symtelo am du binany HEqawnta cha Statintcally independent, thes foun waliun oceun Ath & probcubilty of YL- Hema fang du aut atdetion given ay . E Tae Aun] ~ (4) + a(4) Gat) =e - oe 5 = { we = a i ° mee —® The Foatven dramnjgin af bac pubs VA) ecrets vU) = Ty Sc (1%) —@ Su 26 @ 4 24O® wn ®, pede Power specu comity 9 dhe NR2 pola {prot ow Sy =a" Te sinc (tT) Ro |ex- at Th Sunc® (| — 3 The Ce b inn Hg @ show's Powe Apecknat 4 R2 pelon feat Tha peluen Aiea Ho amiida thy Moun alobe of the Sime - Sheped Cue iLohich — eackeraehy stypt by tee VT, oe! 1ero S aa oS IN WR2 Inpaan jem be . ro ECE I'S ASBIned pulder Of . OBermating palattity. “Tne pean Pwnage hap Ah lavels + &oand-a, Thon cadtumiming that ths phaboblitien of 08 4 thon + PCAs a) = Vb custo COtalabion punchion . fpt =O 4 Guven ad ELAR] = G PlRe-a) + play =o) + Ea) plAe =~ 4) sayba Gh = ¥ WA ne), dy dibik Teptedented by the Sequentt (An+ +A) Com assume ony fet petbible jn t (0,0), (0:1), lr) ama (Ii). * The TShediuw value of Ha edud Ay Ay; ona [one 00,0 4-3 he Lore OXG, Axo, Ax-ad; dr Lost ole Fouls Tan ect trad Succonive 8 attewnah wn pelamity . Eth of Hu Cee Probability Ye, Om gprumpiion that Succsww Sygncls im cha bimanay Seqwenw Cou in eyval prrolubility, Tra Heme Ry N= tl o genes E [Pe dy-i} > 30) 4) + €or) (4) . ae | 4a m>4, Elan Ayn] =o fe Reims f A/a n=0 ” - Of pat] —— (i) ~ } Bhemuye ~ Ne Fousuen ramygim a beye pubs ale) sb ; V(H= Ty seme (fT) -@ Sh Baa Bim ky Q , cath T=T ,t _ a : =Th Hu bowen Spectral chdity of WR2 — ipelar fiom ts given by & G)= To Since 5 & “Rap Cyames ( Tesin Gm) [a - g (xb Liane Te) + onp(-gan tay] a Sinc*{{T,) h- CS (ant T)) ____”"—~«=s—««s«~=»’»=._Ez LT t Ye cl Ty seme™ (Th) ur (1) fos Tha Gone Cun hg ® Show's ~— 1H Be pow Speetna atarvtibny of WR2 soup jemat, The powen Yes indo o Bamduidth &anva te the ok Soke LT, the Spectnal Conlon of the (Re vfs is Fehekinely dma) atound 2 eng Irs ayveney DF Mamcrsion fPomak +, lot to 4 OSS that Rima a fea PEMA OL eb eave oBPOU rrebuloUlitien « P (Ay a) = P(Aus-a) = Vg Home J m=0, Bu outs -cdabien (Ra in given &, EET = COP de -0) + @ PL sat Gynt. RA & glen a, 4 J Vel ET Aden) - Baars ald, ) (a) = $- OF = 5 Ri dS 2, —@ The bac pula av (t) AP te manchortey J | tune cumblitude amel To + The Fousuen samo. Of the poly egy y= 47 sinc (4B) Sint Aura) = ONL + Ney Be 24 @ A 9B im O, dR spower Spectr deity of Hu Mamuwrten pret wv given by Sx OP Ty Sime (HB) Suen? (14 Tp) © © fume dt #GD Show's shy Powen apectror of Momenusten Hemet, The ewes Ley wide oa heendeictth evel de 8/7, « SS Ow AG Qe Powe Shedna “WRI uemapolan Pal TNR 1 MR2 > Manor v1 eh cupjerwnd amdrvy feumab, Erasure — Ero ewe + Tans mitten : R e ecavv — Tr. ee ere, eles) oar Pail el oeakor| ass St Geass St, eon sath) r Devic. one ox od ti © Chock bulse ; fT keg: Basabamd bray dota drandmistio Sislenr 4g Shows dhe basic elomen of a besabind buntvy PAM Spier. Tho urput Signa condish ao body data Wh & be dunabon A To Seconds Thin Seapene — pube great, Producing dh disco PAM Signals XUt)= 2 Oye Vit-KT.) G Chin Vv a) - — © bawe pure s A 2: hiciem on depends om the smbud dese a of io The PAM pane XO) passer through a rey Og dranden fundus 1 7). The Feauiting fen o/P Dany Hs © anay Lo parsed thoinagh na ie ‘ae 4 junttion Chanrel may be coal Coble o fet The ye i adted thowegh SO yeaunng puller Danae dendion Held). Ths pier o'r 4 Sscompled 3 nchsro nalaaly Bis he Boramito etn th Semmpling davtemnb a yoo Cok B dining Spend g being ditenmprd Lied in Maly eodta ded fom Ua TiGimng diten outpad. FY athe Sse ; etaymad do eat eaatoprine oN ee Senna Seem, Muorns % a dadSm devia, Dh Sample eaaads —Howhalo’ 2 deebore is made in juvoun a) Symbel Lys AG dtoahdd. a seein dn oy Senta jor tg Rilo, S SeumMg jiben oP de given an YE)F uw E ax ple-n Te) — @ is -00 Whew U8 SKCali jadB) a thi pubs pit) in ndmaluyd Such dhed plo) = q The pubs pam Pe the Senporse a ee CaScade Comedion Urs Jreiviymitting “jlhon, dhe Sannd amd de Telimm ony which dn produced by dhe bubs, Ut) applied Le dhe cimput dj dthin Cadscadd commection, These P(t) in Yelate te V(t) Lan recy demaim by udriting LPO) = VCE) HD He GP He lt) — ® nBmaligedion of PLD ie plo)+ | Teams thr tell aren, wnder thi ae oh P (4) eaqnral, +My. The béaing fpber ole yi) dn ayeuropled at dome €) =i Te Yadina lids v Soe PG B- Te) [t= -28 +The < woe y Se Oub-R%) —G 4 id= -08 KAD “In ey ®, the ost fom yo bv preduad by tu gh fans cmutied bit, Where” therr in me imtenjetma becuse JFK > Plo=). The Seumd germ sepurerds dhe TAiduck efyecr 4 all sthen tramymitied bib om tha datoding of Hu sh ub, JFK, thy Veduad effec in Called Tnrersymbod ufone (ZS 7). LST aduber because 4 dreperbectionn um thi dverall Fuwventy tSbmne of tha Syrufem. When a Sher pula 4 Ty S andy urbe ~ Faxed Borough a bard - limited syiin The Buawenty Gmpenent Constituding TR npur pale age dupeuntially otemuctel 4 ditewntially dalay by athe Sifter. 7 thu “Bibs opting oF hr o/h q the. Sytem w dispe pen am imbewed Lmger than Te dseamds, Thus nen ame a SREY pulses are frantonitfed throvgh om, ML pur nduy Th stumas du ds parted POapmder ell Sougunaking — pany dh jenonl aymbol srrtedyves ual) imk @ Lyre Ath cach elu, thay telling a Leben dyn be inion am th Wente nf 7S 2 ure obhenve fp cay B Ahak Wht ea, dhad, dhe ath dramanitfed Jot cam de ¥ Tho pevema@ 4 FST on the SpPhewn + Inimodacy ermotty un the aedidien dome ak Bu Steven o/p derlion WPL lists Lionlinn Radehand bynciuy The tramsfenfumetion dhe chawnel amd thr tnamies et pulse Shape “ane specaaed and the pridtern ie Je dotermime the dotamayen fencion Yu dnarnnpnitiong amd ioimng fens So ar to Becemysud dhe trarvymat Requonte Le} ~The Seu dow Ain by eabsracty Men dacodimy dhe c&med-pending Synume oj weights Aare! fer te oidpid ylt). ExXUpr Fora dealing fades yt) % dated, by the Oe and ahr Teteived uly PIE) ap im L4yvotiion wide ou & On Plt-rtm) —O. ero The entation involves Samplung thy output Blt) oe E-JTh. Tha decodimy secyunen drab thy Weighted pulre Contain ay Pj Ty -To) YP a4 pe Pe Pun EST duc eu overaphmg da of owl ohn weighted pulse Whar RL Tehulb vn E8T. Th sm kam equ tuned pula ptt) ad shown by PUSTe- RT) | izk —@ “Lo s#R By nAmnalyation, Plo) =]. xy P(E) Sscck fer thy Gradition a ey © the Teeowven ale in YUED= Wa: , wha Pe Fn LST. Heme the Condit; Pe aa eT feabion in dhe absent *y plan WG cy QB aroun Peyee Pum dhe daxgn pound of wend, dhe ey Q do Comenrted imte Apeay demain Im, Bea damalm we wnt samp ay Pell Ry & P(f-nR,) — @ where Ry Wt in the tt sett; Pe ft) in Du Aouriey erogson_gam amfs patie ann af alto prt vis whag Mtemgthn ane weighted -b4 Feibrdae weloun al pid. Thak by Pelt) as mw & y(fe Pim te) 6 m Tp)] xb (4 % Leb th stg mea-lk. Bum 1 ale OF and FFI CoVeNperas ty MAD iMMbdhrr ° | om semplur Plt) am the vete fral oh & ig = £0 Plo) Sls) op(-g arte) di = plo) 8 : om i hame mads sux of thi of th della Junction ligation » fun C4 © Y © ahah th erg ambensymbel umtertetm@ ts de pP([#-nRb)= Te @ Mting plod=), by conduit: an ey otsnahe he Vg gph Couiteim 4° Ostdbo baband tran 2 dh aloe Nok a BB-12 = pe- fe} =T, —® N2-~ The equation © vepraseny frequerey domain Cmalitven for ro IST omd i8 Calted Ny Qitet pulse chapi Csiterion for base band trang mission. 3 1. TDEAL SoLuTION To Tsz [tpeac CHANNEL] As te expression Shown in equakim® re provene te Specksum vohich get repeated fov even F4 1g Shou in 49-0. Atsuming PUY) ee areckangutor pales oral TH Spechum ig Yeprasented in return ~ Pee)= ret (F/g,.) —@ Pe) tne © qn) | mh gO Nghbow T - Spectsuurey gabe teach aah omer pe) Te of tho i ae rent “Foy i Es ego According ty Pouriey trang for Poissy Sine (Fyt) ——> % vet (4p) Pe) = Sine (Fe) —G) The band sidts q. patre Com be Tepracented ay By~ to, 3S . l 4 xe Aye 280, Bos fis gy she ov Ls Rate Pie Sire (26ct) or ID peu) - sin Q 1 Bot) >) 217 Bot 63 vohere Bo => t& the Ny quit banded As we have conc! dered idoal S'nc pulse for Cro LST in bage band trang mission Accorcling to Rouriey transform pas P= as vect( he.) —3) 0 equodion @® Prom fog -O PO) i opined oY for —B0 103 Abd = shi 4+ “Del: fay. fac Delay fx- 4 3 “Sifereniad Encedor or pre cedur Diflerenti ee "o Prom fe-©, te precoder outpubjdks depends on Present imput bit Y bx} amd previous outpur bittdicit dys bk ® ak —O The pretodey output {dk} ot applied ts tre lewd Shidting nehoork (war polar Teprasentakin) ancl ite owpnk is mae *) & Ons | +1 for Ane) ~l trv du=0 Theme fore the ow pnb q encoder iz gevem by = Ay t ak) =—@) the Cluobinary decoder WY clebettor ig Shes in £9-@ ; fend Decisi t $Cu3 aay bw > Threghsld= 1 The received Ahyves Lowel Signal ‘s passing trough a veh fier for having the magnitude 9 Ck and ix Gmpard in the cleeision device oy binary Sequins 4 by - if |Q&l>I be =O | len) <1 bes) oct £2! the binary data Stream 00101 1 0 18 applied ty tre input & Auobinary Spstem. Construct clio binary Codey outpuk and corresponding Teeelver cusps Assume thar there ig a precoder at input Ac KO de fs Sax} depends on Soup and folici§, hence to Stark pecan ogame inikad bib mthe inital oukpak g precoder faw-} ik binary “1 hofeve applying the binary Sequirue tr the poecoday 68-17 | bat ojo} o/;1}L }0 + ide “1 1}/a]/2n]0 - Ome |p|) [acheter a | a | 2 ojo }t}|oeje [ia +! +] +1 -) -! +1 all -l - + sau | tr | el fer for pth fa | Geant aes +2 | t2 | ° | =|? oc | text +2 [42] 0 [2 [2 | O [ te | bx} ojayife}s |! |e | | de 2. MopiFieD DUOBINARY ENCODING The modified duo binary technique Involves a Correlodion 13 over two binary cligits. The modified dupbinary Coder ie Shown in F4-@. he ontpab 2 modified due binasy omversion filter is given by Ce= Q@x-Ax-2 —-() Th ax= £1, then Ck vill have one % three possible lovely @ 2,0 and.-2 vole The overralh tromefer Pamela % the toppect deta bine filer Connected in cascade with tolead choynnal Shown Im 40 dig- O ix given by ape Heft ett] saute DOA POM 5 OO . 2 Het 0 ai rere eee gorrr) Bk sine= [ e-8*] SH] He) arr tte [2d Sinaré] 2 ab Hel Simanprs BOTT _D ore 4 equotin@) “ferefere over al. Frey weap and id phoge response ff Shown infeg D nel oO. BB-1g Hfls Pe, 3) a otertse 2} sinamft, a amt Ty He § hu. L-—-- _.-—t Fig -O modified duo binwry anversion fc lev Hq) = At the ctocoder, jot Ay is the extimate g A, then we obtain Ay af A a= Kt ay. —®© the decode ¢ modified cluobinary Spttem te Shown in ae -® xed Vey ——— a a | ~ [bt fe 27. | Pg The Aa 18 Sampled fog every bit t= kT anc Compared voit oleci sion clovica. J ao> Th bee 1 4 a < Tr bk=o 4 Ex: the binary data 01 | (0010! ave applied cto the tapeh % modified durobinayy System. a conateuck te modified duupbineny coder ouspr and corresponding areceiver output *pottiout pre- Cocker ay Suppose thok clue do ervey in tyarymission, tee level produced by thre thivel chigit (2 veckuced 4o Tere. Corsbruckame re waiver oud p— oP oP e Cu) Seq Ke-2 Key Ke0 Kel K=2 Kod Koh KES 1 -——— Seq |ke-2 [n=] keo | ket | K=2 [KS el yes Keé \ee7 [eos i—t - 1 a Lox oy) | I yl jo ° | manne | ] | | jay [TE [FED [# lia +1 fan = I" an t | | rf] (TJ farre2} i+ ar) bp aero trey toch te | : (Cale | (2) o |t2]0 | -2 -2 42.9 0 Ogee | . | | +, rT — axa | | berth} -p dari eet th [bic o+d Ges | | ' He ae a a a Hofth yap pt a ~ aa bx oltit ii lotoliiot Be-19 Cif) “Due te error in transmission, the Lonol pre by 37d digit (8 wedltteed + Cro oy |-2/}-l}O]'t |2/3 |# |S |é |7 le 2 cK -2/0 |* © |-2)-2|/+2]0 |o batbour errr x | -2| 3 a 210 \o]o \-2\+2]0 jo exrer | | i T nt a a (Geen tilth jot eh [ah pth) c3 poh ont I 7 a | | = ane tl) at lan) ti) -r}4e | -3)-1 |-r jaa Cer den \ : by oOo}! lo}1 |el,;e|o)ecjo The ve comstructed Sequome Shoum in the Lest vous Containt evryor upto Lat digit. This shows trot error e8ror propagases in thig System. Honey Oprecedar mut be Used of the input q durobinary emeoder +o avolele BTV On Propagedion. M MODIFIED DUOBINARY ENCODING WITH PRECODER The block chagram 4% modified bio binary encocky wits precoder NS Shou im! Fig -O. Av precoder performs madslo-2 addition [Ex-0k operehien] on binasy bits, separated by 27. The owpat ¢ precoder ix given by d= by Pea ——O I)p binary de land] ay, Sripting « & diay ZT Fig-D The Sequerse [de} applied to Lovel shiping nebow (Nez polar] and output g fhe veprasented ay Bx’ an= ; -1 fr Ak =o +I dev de>} —@® Prnodlly te output & modi fred cduobmary earce dey With precoder ICeh om te given by RLS Ag Aer —@® {xh generates tree lovely suth of 4-2, -2 ancl 'o At the recometeuctien Ciclo, the emactified cits boa ” decoder blow chiagyam ig Shous is fig f Roctiyey AIG Piecisin] = BBB PKL [Recker | ‘| device * br eg-® ta The clecoder Produces Outpur bimany Het, boged AM CM parision % Nel and thee sole Vorkine 4. cleciceon device ‘ TF [ep > be =4 Iel

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