A STUDY ON LOGISTICS WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT WITH

REFERENCE TO OM LOGISTICS

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

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1 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Industry Profile

1.2 Company Profile

1.3 Objective of the Study

1.4 Scope of the study

1.5 Limitation of the study

2 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION

5 5 FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS AND

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES
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[Link] Table No Title Page No

LIST OF FIGURES

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 CHAPTER-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Logistics is the art of managing the supply chain and science of managing and
controlling the flow of goods information and other resources like energy and people between
the point of origin packaging in and the point of consumption in order to meet customer’s
requirements. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory,
warehousing, and material handling and packaging. Supply chain management is the process
of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations as efficiency as possible. Supply
chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in process
inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumptions.

Warehouse management is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the movement
and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of
origin to point of consumption. Interconnected or interlinked networks, channels and node
businesses are involved in provision of products and services required by end customers in a
supply chain.

Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or

between a building and a transportation vehicle. It utilizes a wide range of manual; semi-
automated, ad automated equipment’s and includes consideration of the protection, storage,
and control of materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution,
consumption, and disposal. Material handling plays an important role in manufacturing and
logistics. Almost every item of physical commerce was transported on a conveyor or lift
truck or other type of material handling equipment in manufacturing plants, warehousing and
retail stores.

The logistics industry contributes significantly to our country economy and support many
other economic activities. Warehouse management is the act of organizing and controlling
everything within your warehouse- and making sure it all runs in the most optimal ways
possible. This includes: Arranging the warehouse and its inventory, having and maintaining
the appropriate equipment, managing new stock coming into the facility, picking, packing
and shipping orders, tracking and improving overall warehouse performance. The systems
also direct and optimize stock put away based on real-time information about the status of bin

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utilization. A WMS monitors the progress of products through the warehouse. It involves the
physical warehouses infrastructure, tracking systems, and communication between product
stations.

More precisely, warehouse management involves the receipt, storage and movement of
goods, to intermediate storage locations or to a final customer. In the multi-echelon model for
distribution, there may be multiple levels of warehouses. This includes a central warehouse, a
regional warehouse and potentially retail warehouses.

This study is based on the warehouse management and material handling process used at OM
LOGISTICS Pvt Ltd.

BACKGROUND OF PROBLEM

A warehouse is a commercial building for buffering and storage of goods, or an intermediate

area for storage of raw materials or products until they are needed for production or
consumption. Warehousing is an essential component for most businesses and government
organizations. In any supply chain, inventory management and warehousing form a part of
operations intensive function and si of the key building blocks in the entire chain and the
efficiency of the warehouse opertaions will determine the further supply chain efficiency.

This study intends to compare the present warehouse management practices at OM

LOGISTICS with industry best practices which will eventually identify the non-performing
areas and limitations of warehouse management through the research methodology.
Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify the scope of improvements in OM
LOGISTICS’ warehouse management and material handling process. In general, this study is
expected to help the policy makers of OM LOGISTICS to improving the existing
performance of warehouse management.

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 1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Logistics management is a supply chain management component that is used to

meet customer demands through planning, control and implementation of the effective
movement and storage of related information, goods and services from origin to destination.
Logistics management helps companies’ reduce expenses and enhance customers’ services.
The logistics management process begins with raw materials procurement to the final stage of
delivering goods to the destination. By adhering to customer needs and industry standard,
logistics management, there will be adaptation of major resources. In developing countries
like India projects do not success because of lack of attention to logistics management. Due
to this there is a delay in an implementations of the projects, there is also uneven distribution
of goods and services. In certain areas, there is excess of goods and services available, while
in certain other areas, they are scares. There is general inefficiency, uncertainty and
instability in rendering services to the public. Depending on the type of business the
expenditure on logistics can be anything between 5 and 35 percentages of the scales. The cost
of logistics management is therefore found to be high by certain industries. Because of this
logistics suggests the use of efficiency means of transport, locating areas where cheaper
materials are available, determine the correct qualities to be dispatched.

WAREHOUSE AND LOGISTICS INDUSTRY

This sector comprises establishment primarily engaged in transporting and warehousing

goods as well as providing logistics services. It includes the four transportation modes
(trucking, rail, air, and marine) as well as postal services, couriers and messengers, and
warehousing and storage.

Several factors helped the growth of logistics industry over the decades that includes
changing tax system, rapid growth in industries such as automobiles, pharmaceutical, FMCG
and retail. However, major sectors that are investing huge amounts in logistics industry are
aviation, metals & mining and consumer durables. With increasing competition and costs,
focus on outstanding, entry of foreign players is having positive impacts on the industry.
Three major contributors for the growth of the logistics industry are; emergence of organized
retails increases in foreign trade and India becoming soon the manufacturing hub. As per the

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World Bank logistics performance index 2010, India is places at 47 th position out of 155
countries.

HISTORY OF LOGISTICS

Logistics can be defined as providing the right type of products and/or services at the right
price, time and in the right condition. A quick look at some logistics history may prove very
lightening. The birth of logistics can be tracked back to ancient war times of Greek and
Roman empires when military officers titled as ‘Logistikas’ were assigned the duties of
providing services related to supply and distribution of resources. This was done to enable the
soldiers to move from their base position to a new forward position efficiently, which could
be a crucial factor in determining the outcome of wars. This also involved inflicting damage
to the supply locations of the enemy and safeguard one’s own supply locations. Thus, lead to
the development of a new system which can be related to the current day system of logistics
management.

During the Second World War (1939-1945), logistics evolved greatly. The army logistics of
United States and counterparts proved to be more than the German army could handle. The
supply locations of German armed forces were inflicted with serious damages and Germany
was not able to wreak the same havoc on its enemy. The United States military ensured that
the services and supplies were provided at the right time and at the right place. It also tried to
provide these services when and wherever required, in the most optimal and economical
manner. The best available options to do a task were developed. This also gave birth to
several military logistics techniques which are still in use, at best in a more advanced form.
Logistics has now evolved itself as an art and science. However, it cannot be termed as an
exact science. Logistics does not follow a defined set of tables nor is it based on skills
inherited from birth. A logistics manager performs his duties responsibilities based on his
educational experiences and intuition. These skill are nourished by a constant application of
the same by him for betterment of his organization. The logistics manager ensures that the
company is benefited by an effective and efficient system of logistical management. He also
needs to ensure that the right kind of product and services are provided at the right time and
for right price, whether inside the organization’s premises or delivery of the shipment outside
the premises of the organization. Logistics has come to be kind of relief for many
organizations that formerly looker upon it as a burden. Companies nowadays are hiring
people with the requisite knowledge to deliver sustainable enhancements in the field of

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supply chain management. As has been the case throughout most of logistics history, the task
of a logistics manager involves a clear vision and a drive within to deliver results under strict
deadlines in addition to his usual responsibilities.

LOGISTICS MARKET

India’s railways carry daily an average of twelve million passengers and over a million tons
of freight traffic on a network spread over 62,725 km, covering 7068 stations. It operates on
three gauges i.e. broad gauge (1676mm), meter gauge (1000mm), and narrow-gauge (762 and
610mm). Although broad gauge forms only 64.5% of the route, it generated 96% of freight
output and 8.6% of the passenger output during 2007-08. In the same year, total passenger
traffic was 4018 million. 19.5% (12306 km) of the total network and 30% of the broad gauge
network is electrified. The railways are the largest employer in the country, with over 1.6
million employees. Operating revenue in 2007-08 was approximately 3.7 billion. The 6000
km long Indian coastline has eleven major ports (managed by the port trust of India under
central governments) however, as regards capacity, productivity and efficiency Indian ports
do not compare well with some of the international ports.

India’s road network of almost 3 million km is one of the largest in the world. With the
staggering increase in the motor vehicle population in recent years, the Indian government
recognized the urgent need to develop adequate road networks across the country, and has
introduced a series of far-reaching measures investment in the network. The reduction of
trade barriers, both on the domestic as well as international front, has led toe rapid growth of
the logistics market throughout the world. Items such as Swiss cheese, Chinese gadgets and
Italian fashion goods that were earlier limited only to the place of manufacture have now
crossed the geographical boundaries to take their place in the international market. This has
indeed globalized the area of operations and has benefited several economies.

How that is made possible? Obviously, apart from favorable governmental policies, it is the
growth of logistics that has made all this possible. The boundaries have been minimized due
to advances in the modes of transportation. Logistics not only deals with delivery of goods at
the right time, for right price, and in right condition, but also has extended its role in
globalizing the sphere of the products and services.

The growth is eminent in the Asia – Pacific region with China emerging as a global economic
power with a seismic effect on the global market of logistics. India is steadily following

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china’s footprints by consistent marching into the field of logistics due to favorable market
trends, outsourcing and government policies and are keen to outsource from China, India and
Asia-Pacific due to the cost factor.

In the current business scenario, there are ample job opportunities for people in the field of
logistics and slowly and steadily the area and scope of logistics is on the upswing. With the
increase in demand for logistics professionals, logistics organizations are raising their sphere
of influence to unparalleled heights. The growth and development witnessed in the logistics
sectors sector is likely to fuel further growth for many more years to come.

Thus it would be right to conclude that the logistics market finally has its due share with
ample job opportunities available and logistics being considered as an internal part of most
savvy organizations.

WAREHOUSE

A warehouse may be defined as a place used for the storage or accumulation of goods. The
function of the storage can be carried out successful with the help of warehouse used for
storing the goods. Warehousing can also be defined as assumption of responsibility for the
storage of goods. By storing goods throughout the year and releasing them as when they are
needed, warehousing creates time utility.

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT

Warehouse management is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the movement
and storage of raw materials, work-in process inventory, and finished goods from point of
origin to point of consumption. Interconnected or interlinked networks, channels and node
businesses are involved in the provision of products and services required by end customers
in a supply chain. Supply chain management has been defined as the “design, planning,
execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net
value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing
supply with demand and measuring performance globally”.

FUNCTIONS OF WAREHOUSING

1. Storage

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 This is the basic function of warehousing. Surplus commodities which are not needed
immediately can be stored in warehouse. They can be supplies as and when needed by
the customers.
2. Price stabilization
Warehouses play an important role in the process of price stabilization. It is achieved
by the creation of time utility by warehousing. Fall in the prices of goods when the
supply is in abundance and rise in their price during the slack season are avoided.
3. Risk bearing
When the goods are stored in warehouses they are exposed to many riskers in the
form of theft, deterioration, exploration, fire etc. warehouses are constructed in such a
way as to minimize these risks. Contract of bailment operates when the goods are
stored in wave-houses. The person keeping the goods in warehouses acts as boiler and
warehouse keeper act as boiler. A warehouse keeper must take the reasonable care of
the goods and safeguard them against various risks. For any loss or damage sustained
by goods warehouse keeper shall be liable to the owner of the goods.
4. Financing
Loans can be raised from the warehouse keeper against the goods stored by the
owner. Goods act as security for the warehouse keeper. Similarly, banks and other
financing institutions also advance loans against warehouse receipts. In this manner
warehousing acts as a source of finance for the businessmen for meeting business
operations.
5. Grading and packing
Warehouses nowadays provide the facilities of packing, processing and grading of
goods. Goods can be packed in convenient as per the instructions of the owner.

IMPORTANCE OF WAREHOUSING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND

COMMERCE

Warehousing or storage refers to the holding and preservation of goods until they are
dispatched to the consumers. Generally, there is a time gap between the production and
consumption of products. By bridging this gap, storage creates time utility. There is need for
storing the goods to make them available to buyers as and when required. Some amount of
goods is stored at every stage in the marketing process. Proper and adequate arrangements to

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retail the goods in perfect condition are essential for success in marketing. Storage enables a
firm to carry on production in anticipation of demand in future.

A warehouse is a place used for the storage or accumulation of goods. It may also be defined
as an establishment that assumes responsibility for the safe custody of goods. Warehouses
enable the businessmen to carry on production throughout the year and to sell their products,
whenever there is adequate demand.

Need for warehouse arise also because some goods are produced only in a season but are
demanded throughout the year. Similarly, certain products are produced throughout the year
but demanded only during a season. Warehousing facilities production and distribution on a
large scale.

TYPE OF WAREHOUSING

1. Public Warehousing
2. Private Warehousing
3. Contract Warehousing
4. Multi- client Warehousing
5. Bonded Warehousing

The global warehousing concept has gained popularity over the last decade as stock pre-
positioning becomes one of the strategies for ensuring a timely response to emergencies.
They are usually purpose built or purpose designed facilities operated by permanent staff that
has been trained in all the skills necessary to run an efficient facility or utilizing 3PL staff and
facilities. For such operations, organizations use, information systems that are computer
based, with sophisticated software to help in the planning and management of the warehouse.
The operating situation is relatively stable and management attention is focused on the
efficient and cost effective running of the warehouse operation. Numerous organizations have
centralized pre-positioning units strategically located globally. Some of these offer extended
services to other humanitarian organizations on a cost plus operating charges basis.

Field Warehouse are usually temporary in nature. They may be housed in a building which
was not designed to be used as a warehouse or in a temporary building/structure, in mobile
units such as rub halls, Wii halls and sometimes are little more than a tent in a field. The
initial staff may be a casual workforce that has never worked in a warehouse before and the

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inventory system is more likely to be paper based. Often the situation is initially chaotic,
sometimes dangerous coupled with a humanitarian goods available as quickly and efficiently
as possible, butyet at the same time accountable.

NEED FOR WAREHOUSING

1. Seasonal Production – Agriculture commodities are harvested during certain seasons,

but their consumption or use takes place throughout the year. Therefore, there is a
need for proper storage or warehousing for these commodities, from where they can
be supplied as and when required.
2. Seasonal Demand – There are certain goods, which are demanded seasonally, like
woolen garments in winters or umbrellas in the rainy season. The production of these
goods takes place throughout the year to meet the seasonal demand. So, there is a
need to store these goods in a warehouse to make them available at the time of need.
3. Large-scale Production – In case of manufactured goods, nowadays production take
place to meet the existing as well as future demand of the products. Manufacturers
also produce goods in huge quantity to enjoy the benefits of large-scale production,
which is more economical. So, the finished products, which are produced on a large
scale, need to be stored properly till they are cleared by sales.
4. Quick Supply – Both industrial as well as agriculture goods are produced at some
specific places but consumed throughout the country. Therefore, it is essential to stock
these goods near the place of consumption, so that without making any delay these
good are available to the consumers at the time of their need.
5. Continuous Production – Continuous production of goods in factories requires
adequate supply of raw materials. So, there is a need to keep sufficient quantity of
stock of raw material in the warehouse to ensure continuous production.

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The policies contain hard and fast rules and regulations that define the general conduct of the
warehouse operation. Examples of the types of policies that organizations will define are as
follows:

 Organizational specific

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  Health and safety
 Human resources management
 Security
 Pest control
 Warehouse maintenance and cleaning
 Quality control
 Record keeping and reporting
 Reverse logistics – Return of goods and exit strategy in the event of downscaling or
shutting down operations
 Disposal of obsolete and damaged goods.

The procedures’ document defines step by step how the activities in the warehouse should be
carried out and clearly defines the processes to be adopted. These can be adopted as ‘best
practice’. The procedures provides visibility of the operations for managers and donors.
However, in creating such procedures, care must be taken to avoid constraining the use of
local initiative which might be required to deal with local conditions. Procedures should be
considered as streamlining the business processes and providing checks and balances. They
provide guidance to warehouse managers and must have some level of flexibility to cater for
unique situations, than to be rigidly adhered to. This can be achieved by limiting the level of
detail that the procedures document defines, allowing more flexibility and/or by arranging
‘dispensations’ to allow departure from the procedures in order to optimize local
performance, especially in emergencies.

The procedures will normally provide the step by step guidance on how to manage each
aspect of warehousing and may cover:

 Receiving and issuing of supplies;

 Quality control and verification;
 Storage of goods; documentation flow;
 How to control stock movement (stock control);
 How to detect and deal with stock losses; how rejected material will be managed;
 How to deal with unwanted, obstacle and scrap, disposal

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TYPES OF WAREHOUSE SPACE

 Commercial: in rented building used for business

 Government or state: such as at the ports or harbors. This is common in emergency
situations.
 Transit: for temporary storage of goods destined for different locations and need
storage for a very short time
 Bonded warehouse: for storage of goods whose duty is unpaid and especially where
the goods are destined to another country. Pre-positioned stock is often held in bonded
warehouses so that export is quick and can be stored for long period sometimes.
 Open storage: not ideal for perishable products but in emergencies, sometimes the
only alternative
 Space that is owned and managed by the organization
 Pre-fabricated warehouses where there are no permanent structure available. This is
common practices in emergencies.

BASIC PRINCILES OF WAREHOUSE AND INVENTORT MANAGEMENT

 Planning inbound receipt procedures

 Storage formalities e.g.: location management , inventory control, occupational health
and safety
 Outbound delivery procedures.

The logistics industry plays a pivotal role in the global economy by facilitating the efficient
movement of goods, services, and information from manufacturers to consumers. It
encompasses a wide range of activities, including transportation, warehousing, distribution,
supply chain management, and inventory control. Logistics is a critical enabler for businesses
in various sectors, ensuring timely and cost-effective delivery of products.

Key Players:

FedEx Corporation: A global courier delivery services company that provides express
transportation and logistics solutions.

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United Parcel Service (UPS): Another global leader in package delivery and supply chain
management services.

DHL: A division of the German logistics company Deutsche Post DHL Group, offering
international shipping and courier services.

Maersk Line: A major container shipping company that plays a vital role in global trade and
logistics.

C.H. Robinson: A third-party logistics provider offering transportation and supply chain
solutions.

XPO Logistics: A global logistics company specializing in transportation and contract

logistics services.

Industry Trends:

Digital Transformation: The logistics industry is undergoing a digital transformation with the
adoption of technologies such as IoT, blockchain, AI, and data analytics to optimize supply
chains, improve visibility, and enhance decision-making.

E-commerce Growth: The surge in online shopping has led to increased demand for logistics
services, particularly last-mile delivery and warehousing solutions.

Sustainability: Environmental concerns are driving the logistics industry to adopt eco-friendly
practices, including the use of electric vehicles and sustainable packaging materials.

Supply Chain Resilience: Events like the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of
supply chain resilience, leading to increased focus on risk management and diversification of
supply sources.

Customization: Consumer demand for personalized products is pushing logistics companies

to offer more flexible and customized supply chain solutions.
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Challenges:

Global Supply Chain Disruptions: Events like natural disasters, trade disputes, and the
COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted global supply chains, emphasizing the need for better
risk management.

Regulatory and Compliance Issues: Logistics companies must navigate complex international
regulations, trade agreements, and customs procedures.

Environmental Concerns: Pressure to reduce carbon emissions and adopt sustainable

practices is a growing challenge for the industry.

Labor Shortages: The logistics industry faces shortages of skilled labor, especially in areas
like trucking and warehousing.

Future Outlook:

The future of the logistics industry is likely to be shaped by further digitalization, automation,
and sustainability efforts. As e-commerce continues to grow, last-mile delivery solutions will
become more critical. Supply chains will need to be more agile and resilient to cope with
unexpected disruptions. Additionally, the industry will continue to adapt to changing
consumer expectations for faster and more sustainable logistics solutions.

Overall, the logistics industry remains a dynamic and essential part of the global economy,
continually evolving to meet the demands of an interconnected world.

The logistics industry is a critical component of the global economy, responsible for the
efficient movement of goods and information from producers to consumers. It encompasses a
wide range of activities, processes, and services that ensure the smooth flow of products and
materials throughout the supply chain. The logistics industry plays a pivotal role in various
sectors, including manufacturing, retail, e-commerce, healthcare, and more. Here are key
aspects of the logistics industry:

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Scope of Operations:

Transportation: Involves the movement of goods via various modes such as road, rail, sea,
and air.
Warehousing: Provides storage and inventory management solutions.
Distribution: Ensures the timely delivery of products to customers or distribution centers.
Supply Chain Management: Involves optimizing the entire supply chain from raw materials
to end-users.
Inventory Control: Manages stock levels to minimize holding costs while ensuring product
availability.
Key Functions:

Freight Forwarding: Coordinates the movement of cargo across different transportation

modes and international borders.
Third-Party Logistics (3PL): Offers outsourced logistics services, including transportation,
warehousing, and supply chain management.
Last-Mile Delivery: Focuses on delivering products to end customers, often a crucial aspect
of e-commerce logistics.
Reverse Logistics: Handles product returns, recycling, and disposal.
Cross-Docking: Facilitates the direct transfer of goods from inbound to outbound
transportation without storage.
Technology and Innovation:

Digitalization: The industry is adopting technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT),
blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) for improved visibility, efficiency, and decision-
making.
Automation: Automation of warehouses, autonomous vehicles, and drones are transforming
logistics operations.
Data Analytics: Data-driven insights are used to optimize routes, inventory management, and
supply chain planning.
Global Nature:

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The logistics industry is inherently global, as it involves the movement of goods across
international borders through trade agreements, customs procedures, and global supply
chains.
Major ports, shipping companies, and airlines operate on a global scale.
Challenges:

Supply Chain Disruptions: Events like natural disasters, pandemics, and trade disputes can
disrupt supply chains.
Regulatory Compliance: Navigating complex international regulations, tariffs, and customs
procedures is a challenge.
Sustainability: Environmental concerns drive the industry to adopt greener practices,
including eco-friendly transportation and packaging.
Labor Shortages: A shortage of skilled labor is a concern, particularly in sectors like trucking
and warehousing.
E-commerce Impact:

The rapid growth of online shopping has led to increased demand for logistics services,
especially last-mile delivery.
E-commerce logistics require fast, reliable, and flexible solutions to meet customer
expectations.
Future Trends:

Continued Digital Transformation: The industry will see further digitalization, automation,
and data-driven decision-making.
Sustainability Initiatives: Logistics companies will adopt more environmentally friendly
practices.
Supply Chain Resilience: Businesses will focus on building resilient supply chains to mitigate
risks.
Last-Mile Innovation: Innovations in last-mile delivery, such as electric vehicles and drone
deliveries, will become more prevalent.

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 1.3 COMPANY PROFILE

OM Logistics Ltd. is a leading Indian logistics and supply chain management company with
a presence in multiple countries. The company specializes in providing a comprehensive
range of logistics services to various industries, including manufacturing, retail, automotive,
pharmaceuticals, and more. OM Logistics is known for its extensive network, innovative
solutions, and a commitment to delivering efficient and reliable logistics services.

Key Services:

Freight Forwarding: OM Logistics offers international and domestic freight forwarding

services, managing the movement of goods via various transportation modes, including air,
sea, road, and rail.

Customs Clearance: The company assists clients in navigating customs regulations and
procedures for the smooth import and export of goods.

Warehousing and Distribution: OM Logistics provides state-of-the-art warehousing solutions,

including storage, inventory management, and distribution services.

Transportation: They offer a wide range of transportation solutions, including full truckload
(FTL), less than truckload (LTL), and multimodal transport.

Supply Chain Management: OM Logistics offers end-to-end supply chain management

solutions, helping clients optimize their supply chains for efficiency and cost savings.

Project Logistics: The company specializes in handling complex logistics projects, including
oversized cargo and specialized transportation.

Global Presence:

OM Logistics has a significant global presence with offices and operations in multiple
countries. They have a strong network of partners and associates worldwide to facilitate
international logistics and trade.

Technology and Innovation:

OM Logistics has embraced technology to enhance its services, offering track and trace
capabilities, real-time updates, and data-driven insights to its customers. They continuously
invest in innovation to improve the efficiency of their logistics operations.
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Sustainability Initiatives:

As of my last knowledge update, OM Logistics was increasingly focused on sustainability

and environmentally friendly practices. Like many logistics companies, they were exploring
ways to reduce their carbon footprint and promote eco-friendly transportation options.

Awards and Recognition:

OM Logistics had received numerous awards and accolades for its excellence in the logistics
industry, showcasing its commitment to quality and customer satisfaction

Clientele:

OM Logistics served a wide range of clients, including large corporations, SMEs, and
government organizations, across various industries.

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 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to have a practical bright of the working of the organization. Its
decisions, its brief historical background and its future prospects. The following can be said
to be the major objectives of the study.

 To recommend the most suitable warehousing methods of the goods.

 Provide solution for packaging & receiving and dispatching material problems.

 To know the various modern trends in material handling and its impact on warehouse

management.

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1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The main scope of the study is to ascertain the various methods to increase the warehouse
management of the concern. The methods include regular information and also to increase the
effectiveness to receiving and distribution of the material. And also to know different factors
and to develop the ability of decision making & decision always is taken at right time.

Main scope are:

 Distinguishes one company’s goods from those of another local & other countries
company.
 Check the quality for the material as well as the receiving and stuffing formats
 Protects both supplier and customers satisfaction
 Time should be maintained
 Check and balance is very important for every steps in warehouse

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Both the scope and methodology of this study may hinder the research quality. The limitation
of this study is that, the OM LOGISTICS have different warehouses and each of them may
have separate set of warehouse management issues and limitations to be addressed, so this
study is only based on the general issues on the warehouse at OM LOGISTICS and its
present warehouse management practices. Scopes for improvements are identified and
recommendations are also made accordingly.

The respondents are selected by those who are mainly available at the head office and from
warehouse. The accuracy of results depends on the data collected from workers, CHA and
Labors. The study is based on the information provided by the employees and there are
changes of biased information provided by them. On the personal interview, respondents
were requested to answer based on their own perception. For the reason, the perception may
be different from different respondents. Besides, some of the respondents did not provide
time for interview due to their preoccupation, which all might be a major limitation of this
study.

However, the time constraint for completion of the research was also one of the major
limitation of the study to some extent.

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 CHAPTER-2

2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

 "Warehouse Layout Optimization for E-commerce Fulfillment Centers (2020):

 A literature review discussing warehouse layout design strategies in e-commerce

fulfillment centers, with a focus on maximizing space utilization and order picking
efficiency.
 "The Role of Robotics in Modern Warehousing (2019):

 This review examines the use of robotics and automation technologies in warehouse
operations, including order picking, inventory management, and the impact on labor
productivity.
 "Sustainable Warehousing Practices and Environmental Impact (2021):

 A review of literature on sustainable warehousing practices, exploring eco-friendly

initiatives, such as energy-efficient lighting, renewable energy sources, and
sustainable packaging materials.
 "Inventory Management Strategies in Large Warehouses (2018):

 This literature review assesses various inventory management strategies employed in

large warehouses, analyzing their impact on inventory turnover, holding costs, and
order fulfillment.
 "Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) Integration in Supply Chain Networks
(2022):

 A review of studies examining the integration of Warehouse Management Systems

(WMS) with broader supply chain networks, focusing on technology interoperability
and data sharing.
 "Lean and Six Sigma Applications in Warehouse Operations (2017):

 This review explores the application of Lean and Six Sigma principles in optimizing
warehouse operations, reducing waste, and improving overall efficiency.

23
 "Cross-Docking and Just-in-Time Warehousing for Retailers (2019):

 An analysis of cross-docking and Just-in-Time (JIT) warehousing strategies in the

context of retail supply chains, with an emphasis on cost reduction and improved
responsiveness.
 "Warehouse Security and Risk Mitigation in the Age of E-commerce (2020)
 "Optimizing Warehouse Layout Design for Efficient Material Flow (2020):

 This review focuses on strategies and methodologies for optimizing warehouse layout
designs to facilitate efficient material flow, reduce handling times, and enhance order
fulfillment.
 "Automation Trends in Modern Warehouses (2019):

 A literature review that explores recent trends in warehouse automation, including the
adoption of robotics, artificial intelligence, and IoT technologies to improve
warehouse efficiency.
 "Sustainability Practices in Warehouse Management (2021):

 This review examines sustainable practices in warehouse management, such as eco-

friendly packaging, energy-efficient lighting, and green building designs, with a focus
on their environmental and cost-saving impacts.
 "Inventory Management Techniques for Large Warehouses (2018):

 An analysis of various inventory management techniques suitable for large-scale

warehouses, assessing their effectiveness in optimizing stock levels, reducing holding
costs, and minimizing stockouts.
 "Warehouse Management System Integration Challenges (2022):

 This review discusses challenges and considerations related to the integration of

Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) with other enterprise systems and supply
chain networks, focusing on technological interoperability and data synchronization.
 "Lean and Six Sigma Applications in Warehouse Operations (2017):

24
 An examination of the application of Lean and Six Sigma principles to improve
warehouse operations, streamline processes, and eliminate waste to enhance overall
efficiency.
 "Cross-Docking Strategies for Supply Chain Efficiency (2019):

 A literature review of cross-docking and Just-in-Time (JIT) warehousing strategies in

supply chain logistics, highlighting their role in reducing storage costs and improving
responsiveness.
 "Enhancing Warehouse Security in the Digital Age (2020):

 This review explores security measures and risk mitigation strategies in modern
warehouses, including the utilization of advanced technologies like surveillance
systems and access control.
 "Optimizing Warehouse Layout Design for Efficient Material Flow (2020):

 This review focuses on strategies and methodologies for optimizing warehouse layout
designs to facilitate efficient material flow, reduce handling times, and enhance order
fulfillment.
 "Automation Trends in Modern Warehouses (2019):

 A literature review that explores recent trends in warehouse automation, including the
adoption of robotics, artificial intelligence, and IoT technologies to improve
warehouse efficiency.
 "Sustainability Practices in Warehouse Management (2021):

 This review examines sustainable practices in warehouse management, such as eco-

friendly packaging, energy-efficient lighting, and green building designs, with a focus
on their environmental and cost-saving impacts.
 "Inventory Management Techniques for Large Warehouses (2018):

 An analysis of various inventory management techniques suitable for large-scale

warehouses, assessing their effectiveness in optimizing stock levels, reducing holding
costs, and minimizing stockouts.
 "Warehouse Management System Integration Challenges (2022):

 This review discusses challenges and considerations related to the integration of

Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) with other enterprise systems and supply
chain networks, focusing on technological interoperability and data synchronization.
 "Lean and Six Sigma Applications in Warehouse Operations (2017):

25
 An examination of the application of Lean and Six Sigma principles to improve
warehouse operations, streamline processes, and eliminate waste to enhance overall
efficiency.
 "Cross-Docking Strategies for Supply Chain Efficiency (2019):

 A literature review of cross-docking and Just-in-Time (JIT) warehousing strategies in

supply chain logistics, highlighting their role in reducing storage costs and improving
responsiveness.
 "Enhancing Warehouse Security in the Digital Age (2020):

 This review explores security measures and risk mitigation strategies in modern
warehouses, including the utilization of advanced technologies like surveillance
systems and access control.

26
 CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Like all discipline research also has got its procedure to be adopted in completing a
rewards study. Research is a systematic method of exploring, analyzing and conceptualizing
human life in order to rate correct and verify the test of old facts. Research is a systematic
approach towards purposeful investigation. This needs formulating hypothesis, collecting
data on relevant variables analyzing and interpreting the results and reaching conclusion
either in the form of solution or generalization. It is academic activity and systematized effort
to gain new knowledge. This chapter is engaged in research methodology which consists of
certain scientific steps for successful execution and objectivity. Research method of any
study would help in planning, executing bringing relevance’s and in receiving the purpose of
the study. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem.

It is considered as a blueprint for research dealing with at least for problems; which data are
relevant, what data to collect, and how to analyze the result. The best design depends on
research questions as well as the orientation of the researcher. Every design has its positive
and negative sides. A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection and
analysis of data and manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with
economy. A good research design has the characteristics, problem definition, specific method
of data collection and analysis, time required research project and eliminate of expenses to be
incurred this is never a single standard and correct method of carrying out of piece of
research. Therefore don’t wait to start your research until you find the problems approach,
because there are many ways to tackle a problem some good some bad but probably several
good ways.

Research designs are:

1. Exploratory research design

As the term suggest, exploratory research is often conducted because a problem has
not been clearly defined as yet or its real scope is as get unclearly. It allows the
researcher to familiarize himself with the problem or concept to be studied and
perhaps generate hypothesis to be tested. It is the initial research before conclusive is

27
 under taken it helps to determine the best research design, data collection method and
selection of subjects and sometimes it ever concludes that the does not exist.
2. Casual research design
It explores the effect of one thing on another and more specifically, the effect of one
variable on another. The research is used to measures what impact a specific change
will have existing norms and allows market researchers to predict by potential
scenarios upon which a company can base its business plan.
3. Descriptive research design
It is also known as satirical research design data and characteristics about the
population being studied. These design research answer the question who, what,
where, when and how, although the data description is actual, accurate, and
systematic the research cannot describe what caused a situation, thus it cannot be used
to create a causal relationship, where one variation affects another, the description is
used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Quantitative research
often has the aim of descriptive and researches may follow up the examinations of
why the observation exist and what implications of the feelings are it is testing of
hypothesis on the cause and effect within a given market.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A research methodology is a structured plan for conducting. Sociologists draw in a variety of

both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Including experiments, survey research,
participant observation, and secondary data. Quantities methods aims to classify features,
count them, and create statistical and explain observations. Qualitative methods aim for a
complete, fact description of observation, including the context of events and circumstances.

For the study, the descriptive methods were used to describe, classify and drive raw scores
through calculation of mean values, standard deviation. In this method safety measures for
effective material handling of hazardous product at OM LOGISTICS has been investigated.
Statistically software Microsoft excels was used to analyze the data.

POPULATION

The entire aggregation of items for which samples can be drawn is known as population, it
refers to any collection of individuals or their attributes or results of corporation that can be
numerically specified, the attributes that are the object of study are referred as characteristics

28
and the units elementary units, the aggregate of such units is generally described as
population. Thus all units in any field of enquiry constitute universe and all elementary units
constitutes population.

Population can be finite/ infinite, a population containing a finite number of items is called
population and a population contain infinite number of items is called infinite population. A
population is a group composed of all members of the same species hat live in a specific
geographical area at a particular time.

The study was conducted in OM LOGISTICS PVT LTD there is only 60 employees so the
population is finite.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

There are mainly two types of data:

1. Primary Data
Primary data is the data which is collected by researcher himself for the first for the
specific purpose and they original character. Primary data is collected but researcher
data is collected by researcher for the problems that are currently being studied
therefore, data obtained pertains specifically to the current study considerations the
sources are:
 Questionnaire
 Observation
 Personal interview
Data collected from employees in OM LOGISTICS through observation, discussion,
personal interview and questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions.
2. Secondary Data
It is information collected from those data which have already been obtained from
secondary sources. The data has not been collected for this purpose of this research
however this information is already available in the market while the current research
begins the sources are:
 Brochures of organization
 Internet
 Magazine

29
 CHAPTER-4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Data analysis and interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to the collected
information and determining the conclusion, significance and implications of findings. It is an
important and exciting steps in the process of research. In all research studies, analysis
follows data collection. Analysis is the statistical methods of interpretation, with describes the
characteristics of the data and will give the investigator an insight into the problem. It
simplifies the masses facts and presenting them in an understandable from in order to test the
hypothesis. The research work is incomplete without analysis and interpretation.

According to C.R. Kothari (1989), “The term analysis refers to the computation of measures
along with searching for patterns of relationship that exist among data- groups”. Analysis
involves estimating the values of unknown parameters of the population and testing of
hypothesis for drawing inferences.

This chapter includes the analysis and interpretation of data based on the survey conducted
among the employees in OM LOGISTICS, COIMBATORE. The data have been analyzed
and interpreted using percentage analysis method, descriptive analysis and correlation
method. Based on this analysis, the findings and suggestions for the study are prepared.

TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Tools being used for analyzing and interpretation of data with percentage analysis.

LIKERT SCALE

Likert –type or otherwise frequency scales used choice response formats and are designed to
measure attitudes or options of the employees or respondents. These ordinal scales measure
levels of agreement/disagreement of respondents on a particular statement. A Likert –type
scale assumes that the strength/intensity of experience is linear, i.e., on a continuum from
strongly disagrees and makes the assumption that attitudes can be measured. Respondents
may be offered a choice of five to seven or even nine pre-coded responses with the natural
point being neither agree nor disagree.

30
PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS

One of the simplest methods of analysis is the percentage method. It is one of the traditional
statistical tools. Through the use of percentage, the data are reduced in the standard form with
the base equal to 100, which facilitates comparison. The formula used to calculate percentage
analysis as;

Percentage of analysis = Number of respondent* 100

Total number of respondents

31
TABLE NO 4.1: The employer must check the warehouse function and effectiveness of the
technical protective measures periodically.

RESPONSES NO: OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS

Strongly agree 48 80

Agree 12 20

Neutral 0 0

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of respondent were strongly Agree and agree with the
statement and no one can neutral, disagree and strongly disagree the opinion. We can say that
majority respondents are strongly agree with the essential of checking of the warehouse
functions and effectiveness of the technical protective measures periodically.

32
CHART 4.1: The employer must check the warehouse function and effectiveness of the
technical protective measures periodically.

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
Disagree

33
TABLE NO 4.2: Impact of strategic objectives on the warehousing.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

The most important effect 10 16.67

A large effect 29 48.33

A moderate effect 18 30

A slight effect 3 5

none 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.2: Impact of strategic objectives on the warehousing

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of respondent state that the strategic objective have a large
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
ct t t ct l
ffe ec ec ffe ne ta
e eff eff e No To
nt rg
e te gh
t
rta la era sli
po A od A
t im m
A
os
M
effect (48.33%) on the warehousing and some of them state that it have most important effect
(16.67%), a moderate effect (30%) and a slight effect (5%) also.

34
TABLE NO 4.3: Customers satisfaction with warehousing practices that OM LOGISTICS
offering

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly satisfied 26 43.33

Satisfied 33 55

Neutral 1 1.67

Not satisfied 0 0

Strongly not satisfied 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.3: Customers satisfaction with warehousing practices that OM LOGISTICS

offering

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly know that the most of the respondent state that

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly satis- Staisfied Neutral Not satisfied Strongly not Total
fied satisfied

customers are satisfied (55%) with the warehousing practice at OM LOGISTICS. And also
some of respondents stated customers are strongly satisfied (43.33%) and some are neutral
(1.67%) and no one can not satisfied and strongly not satisfied the opinion.

TABLE NO 4.4: Is company pursuing best warehouse management practices

35
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 21 35

Agree 35 58.33

Neutral 3 5

Disagree 1 1.67

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.4: Is company pursuing best warehouse management practices

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of respondent are agree with the statement and some of them
are also strongly agree, neutral and disagree the statement. We can say that majority of them

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
disagree

are agree (58.33%) with that the company is pursuing best warehouse management practices
and some of them are strongly agree (35%) and some are neutral (5%) and some of them are
disagree (1.67%) with the statement.

36
TABLE NO 4.5: Under environmental uncertainties will company’s environment factor
affect warehouse management practices.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 0 0

Agree 0 0

Neutral 18 30

Disagree 28 46.67

Strongly disagree 14 23.33

Total 60 100

CHART 4.5: Under environmental uncertainties will company’s environment factor affect
warehouse management practices.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of the respondent are disagree (46.67%) with the statement

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
disagree
that environmental uncertainty will company’s environmental factor affect warehouse
management practices. And also some of them are neutral (30%) and some are strongly
disagree (23.33%) the statement. And no one agree or strongly agree on this statement.

TABLE NO 4.6: Is company’s warehouse maintain the quality of the goods

37
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 51 85

Agree 9 15

Neutral 0 0

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.6: Is company’s warehouse maintain the quality of the goods

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly state that majority of respondent are strongly agree
(85%) with the statement that the company’s warehouse maintain the quality of the goods and

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disgaree Strongly Total
disagree

also some of the respondent agree (15%) on that statement. No on comment as neutral,
disagree or strongly disagree.

38
TABLE NO 4.7: Company’s warehousing facilities are capable of keeping the goods/
products long enough.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 48 80

Agree 12 20

Neutral 0 0

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.7: Company’s warehousing facilities are capable of keeping the goods/ products
long enough.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly state that majority of the respondents are strongly agree
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
Disagree
(80%) and agree (20%) with the statement that the company’s warehousing keep the product
or goods long enough. And no one have commented as neutral, disagree or strongly disagree
on the statement.

39
TABLE NO 4.8: Does company ensure the efficient shipment of the product/goods.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 21 35

Agree 28 46.67

Neutral 11 18.33

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.8: Does company ensure the efficient shipment of the product/goods.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly state that majority of the respondents are strongly agree
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
disagree

(35%) and agree (46.67%) with the statement that the company ensures the efficient shipment
of the product or goods. Some of the respondent have stated as neutral (18.33%). But none of
them stated as disagree or strongly disagree for the statement.

40
TABLE NO 4.9: Does company keep up-to-date inventory control and tracking system to
locate containers/cargo.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 13 21.67

Agree 38 63.33

Neutral 5 8.33

Disagree 4 6.67

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.9: Does company keep up-to-date inventory control and tracking system to locate
containers/cargo.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of respondent are agree with the statement. And some of

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disgree Total
them are also strongly agree, neutral and disagree the statement also. We can say that
majority of them are agree (63.33%) with that the company keep up-to-date inventory control
and tracking system to locate container or cargo. And some of them strongly agree (21.67%)
and some are neutral (8.33%) also and some of them are disagree (6.67%) with the statement.

TABLE NO 4.10: Does company ensure the first-aid measures inside warehouse.

41
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 47 78.33

Better 13 21.67

Equal 0 0

Worse 0 0

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.10: Does company ensure the first-aid measures inside warehouse.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly state that the majority of the respondents’ state that the
first aid measures inside the warehouse are much better (78.33%) and some of them stated as

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

better (21.67%). And none of them stated as equal, worse or much worse on the statement.

TABLE NO 4.11: Assessment on the safety in material handling.

42
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 51 85

Better 9 15

Equal 0 0

Worse 0 0

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.11: Assessment on the safety in material handling.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly state that the majority of the respondents state that the
safety in material handling in the company is much better (85%) and some of them state that

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

it is better (15%). And none of them have stated that it is equal, worse, or much worse for the
statement.

TABLE NO 4.12: Assessment on the material handling quickness.

43
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 26 43.33

Better 31 51.67

Equal 0 0

Worse 3 5

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.12: Assessment on the material handling quickness.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of the respondent have stated that the material handling
quickness in the warehouse is better (51.67%) and much better (43.33%). And some of them

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

have stated that it is worse (5%) for the statement. And none of them stated as equal or much
worse.

TABLE NO 4.13: Assessment on the route efficiency.

44
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 37 61.67

Better 14 21.33

Equal 6 10

Worse 3 5

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.13: Assessment on the route efficiency.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of respondent stated that the route efficiency is much better in
the company. Some of them have also stated as better, equal, and worse on this statement. So
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total
we can say majority of respondent state that the route efficiency are much better (61.67%)
and some of them stated better (21.33%) and some stated equal (10%) and some of them
stated as worse (5%).

TABLE NO 4.14: Company uses conveyor system in material handling.

45
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 34 56.67

Agree 24 40

Neutral 2 3.33

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.14: Company uses conveyor system in material handling.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly know that most of the respondent are strongly agree
(56.67%) and agree (40%) on the conveyor system in material handling. And some of the

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
disagree
respondent stated as neutral (3.33%) on the statement.

TABLE NO 4.15: Assessment on the occurrence of mechanical shutdowns.

46
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 33 55

Better 24 40

Equal 3 5

Worse 0 0

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.15: Assessment on the occurrence of mechanical shutdowns.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly know that the majority of the respondents are stated
that the occurrence of mechanical shutdowns much better (55%) and better (40%) in the

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Mch better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

company. And also some of them stated as equal (5%) on the condition.

TABLE NO 4.16: Assessment on providing training for the employees in material handling.

47
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree 36 60

Agree 22 36.67

Neutral 2 3.33

Disagree 0 0

Strongly disagree 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.16: Assessment on providing training for the employees in material handling.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly state that the majority of the respondents are strongly
agree (60%) that providing training for the employees in material handling and some of them
agree (36.67%) on the statement. And some of them are neutral (3.33%). None of them are
disagree or strongly disagree on the statement.

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Total
disagree

TABLE NO 4.17: Assessment on the operator’s autonomy.

48
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 25 41.67

Better 18 30

Equal 10 16.67

Worse 7 11.66

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.17: Assessment on the operator’s autonomy.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of the respondent stated that the operator’s autonomy is much
better in company. Some of them have stated better, equal, and worse for the condition. So
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

we can say that majority of them feels operator’s autonomy is much better (41.67%). Some of
them stated that its better (30%) and some stated that its equal (16.67%) and some of them
stated as worse (11.66%).

TABLE NO 4.18: Assessment on operator’s performance and availability.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

49
 Much better 30 50

Better 17 28.33

Equal 8 13.33

Worse 5 8.34

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.18: Assessment on operator’s performance and availability.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure majority of respondent stated that operator’s performance and
availability at the warehouse are much better and some of them have stated that it’s better,

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total
equal and worse. So we can say that the majority of respondent feels the operator’s
performance and availability are much better (50%) and some of them stated as its better
(28.33%), some stated its equal (13.33%), and some of them stated as its worse (8.34%).

TABLE NO 4.19: Assessment on the agility of operations.

RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

50
 Much better 28 46.67

Better 28 46.67

Equal 4 6.66

Worse 0 0

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.19: Assessment on the agility of operations.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly know that majority of respondents stated that the agility
of operations are much better (46.67%) and some of them stated as better (46.67%) and some

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

them have stated that as equal (6.66%).

TABLE NO 4.20: Assessment on evaluation of the cost of operations.

51
 RESPONSES NO: OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Much better 24 40

Better 32 53.34

Equal 2 3.33

Worse 2 3.33

Much worse 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART 4.20: Assessment on evaluation of the cost of operations.

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure we can clearly know that the majority of the respondent stated that the
evaluation of the cost of operations are better (53.34%) and some of them stated that as much

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Much better Better Equal Worse Much worse Total

better (40%). And some of them have equal (3.33%) and some stated as worse (3.33%). None
of them have stated as much worse on the statement.

CHAPTER-5

52
 FINDINGS

 It has been found that majority of employees are strongly agree with checking of
warehouse function and effectiveness of the technical protective measures
periodically.
 Majority of employees also state that the strategic objectives of the company have a
large effect on the warehousing.
 In the case of customer’s satisfaction on the warehousing practices, a standard
majority of the employees comment it as they make sure the customers are satisfied.
 Most of the employees strongly agree that the warehouse maintain the quality of the
goods as well as it keep the goods long enough without any damage.
 In the case of shipment majority are agree that the company ensure the efficient
shipment of the goods.
 It has been found that the majority of the employee disagree on that the environmental
uncertainties will effect on the warehouse management practices.
 When it comes to the inventory control majority agrees on keeping up-to-date
inventory details and also tracking system to locate cargo.
 Respondent comment that ensuring the warehouse safety first aid measures are
essential for it
 In the case of material handling majority states that safety and quickness in material
handling is better.
 When it comes to the opinion about the conveyor system, most of employees are
agree with conveyor system are used in material handling.
 It has been found that majority of employees are strongly agree on providing training
for the employees in material handling.
 About the performance and availability of the operator they have commented as they
are much better in their performance.
 In the case of route efficiency, respondent comment that it have much better route
efficiency.
 Respondents also state that warehouse manage about 60 different products and
categories its product into the range of up to 20-49 group.
 About the stock, employees comment that warehouse maintains stock of all products.

53
 In the case of monitoring stock levels, it has been found that the maximum/minimum
stock levels have been set and monitored.
 About the main improvement that they have implemented in last year was the
expansion of warehouse area, a new warehouse for the steel sheet and scrap and cargo
handling using conveyor.
 Main evidence of improvements are cost saving, less time consumption and high level
of accuracy.
 The problems still identified after the implementation of the changes are on material
handling and water leakage, and also have labor issues

SUGGESTIONS

54
  Man power can be increased and also warehouse handling equipment’s like forklift
and hand trolley can be increased.
 Safety of employees have to be given importance.
 No of vanning lanes in the warehouse can be increased to reduce over stock in
receiving area.
 Inventory can be kept in a safe, secure (locked) place with limited general access.
 Utilization of space to be concentrated and to be used in a proper way.
 A record can be maintained for each item in stock showing the quantity on hand,
quantity received, quantity issued, & location in the warehouse.
 Monthly, Quarterly, Half and yearly audit can be introduced for the purpose of time
consumption.
 Instruct the warehouse personnel what items to pick or put away and where and when
to perform those activities.
 In the case of material handling one of the important things to provide safety is avoid
excessive weights it can lead difficult to handling material.
 The success of a company depends on input formal of its employees or teams,
regardless of their roles in the logistics process. Carefully consider feedback and
suggestions from staff concerning practices that could further improve logistics
efficiency.

CONCLUSION

From the discussion of the above research, it can be concluded that this warehouse process
can be improved by reducing or maintain the operation. With combination of material
handling process and time measurement it help to improve the current work process.
Warehouse management today are lifeblood of any industry and no government industry or
organization or private organizations operates without so warehouse functions increase the
efficiency and effectiveness of the manufacturing organization since it have many significant
contribution which is finally results the reproduction costs.

Not only the warehouse function but also the material handling process contributes to the
betterment of the organization. By using material handlings the organization can save the
time, reduce the numbered labors, save the space, improving working condition etc.

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It is obvious that, in order to achieve those objectives and to increase the organization
performances the organization should set up the proper principles and guidelines to be
followed that will make the organization to increase the production as well as to reduce the
costs of production.

The improvements made by the company was successful to achieve the project goals and
objectives, which the improvements was included the processes of operation that carries in
the warehouse. The warehouse is a key component of the supply chain in emergencies. It
buffers uncertainties and breakdowns that may occur in the supply chain. When properly
managed and appropriately stocked a warehouse provides a consistent supply of material
when it is needed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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JOURNALS

 Olsen D. R. (2003) – Journal on supply chain management Vol.5

 Rushton Et Al (2000) - Journal on key challenges of warehouse.
 Tommy Blomqvist (2010) – Journal on warehouse design for industry
 J. Gonda Torzay (2011) – Journal on planning and controlling
 Dr. Vipul Chalotra (2013) – Journal on effective warehousing Vol.1(1)
 V. Venkatraman (2015) – Journal on production technology and management Vol.6
 Saxena (2003) – Hazardous materials can be managed Vol.5(2)
 Taylor & Francis (2015) – Journal on effective decision Vol.3

WEB RESOURCES

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link] [Link]

APPENDICES
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 QUESTIONNAIRE

NAME: …………………………………………………

DESIGNATION: …………………………………….

DEPARTMENT: ………………………………………

1. The employer must check the warehouse function and effectiveness of the technical
protective measures periodically.

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral

Disagree Strongly Disagree

2. How much impact does the warehousing has on your strategic objectives.

The most important effect A moderate effect None

A large effect A slight effect

3. How do you evaluate the cost of operations?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

4. Are your customers satisfied with warehousing practices that your company offering.

Strongly not satisfied Not satisfied Neutral

Strongly satisfied Satisfied

5. According to our opinion do your company is pursuing best warehouse management

practices

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

6. According to your opinion do your think that your company under environmental
uncertainties will company’s environment factor affect warehouse management practices.

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

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Strongly agree Agree

7. According to your opinion do your company’s warehouse maintain the quality of the
goods.

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

8. According to your opinion do your company warehousing facilities are capable of keeping
the goods/ products long enough.

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

9. Does your company ensure the efficient shipment of the product/ goods.

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

10. Does your company keep up-to-date inventory control and tracking system to locate
containers/ crago.

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

11. How do your company ensure the first- aid measures inside warehouse?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

12. How do you assess the safety in material handling?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

13. How do you assess material handling quickness?

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Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

14. How do you assess the route efficiency?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

15. Does your company uses conveyor system in material handling?

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

16. How do you assess the occurrence of mechanical shutdowns?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

17. Do company need to provide training for the employees in material handling?

Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral

Strongly agree Agree

18. How do you assess the operator’s autonomy?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

19. How do you assess operator’s performance and availability?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

20. How do you assess the agility of operations?

Much worse Worse Equal

Better Much better

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A STUDY ON THE WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT AND MATERIAL HANDLING
PROCESS AT OM LOGISTICS LOGISTIC PVT LTD, COCHIN.

NAME: ………………………………………………………….
DESIGNATION: ………………………………………………
DEPARTMENT: ……………………………………………...

PERSONAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What kinds of logistics services are provided by your organization?

A. Warehousing B. Forwarding & Clearing C. 4PL

D. outbound logistics E. SC Consultants F. Other

2. What are the primary means of communication that your organization is using to
communicate with customers?

A. Traditional communication such as telephone, email, fax etc.

B. Electronic Data interchange EDI

C. Internet based EDI

D. Do not know

E. others

INFORMATION ABOUT STOCK

1. Into how many categories (e.g., essential drugs, contraceptives, and educational materials)
does the warehouse group its products?

A. More than 50 categories of products

B. 20 – 49
C. 1 – 19
D. Dose not group products by type or category.
2. How many products does the warehouse manage?
[Approximate number of products.]_____________
3. For each product, does the warehouse use the same unit size during the procurement,
receiving and shipping stages? (E.g., if a product is procured by the carton, is it distributed by
the carton rather than by the piece?)
A. Yes, the unit size used to procure a product is the same as the unit size in shipping the
product out.

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B. No, (specify)
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________

4. Does the warehouse try to keep all products on hand, or dose it obtain products only on
demand?
A. Maintains stock of all products
B. Maintains stock of some products, but obtains other products on demand.
C. Does not keep stock on hand, but obtains everything upon demand.
5. Does the warehouse use a maximum/minimum system for monitoring stock levels?
A. Maximum/ minimum stock levels have been set and monitored.
B. Max/ min stock levels have been set but are not monitored.
C. No max/ min stock levels have been set.

INFORMATION ABOUT MANAGEMENT

1. Does the warehouse record stock by lot?
A. Yes, lot numbers are recorded.
B. No, lot numbers are not recorded.
2. How does the warehouse keep track of quantities on hand of each product?
A. Bin cards
B. Ledgers
C. Spreadsheet
D. Database
E. Combination of these options
F. other option
(Specify) _________________________________________________________________.
3. Please provide information on the warehouse’s physical inventory process, if any.
A. Frequency of physical inventory (if irregular, write N/A):
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____.

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B. Date of last physical inventory report (month, year): _______/_______.
C. No physical inventory report exists for the past two years.

OPEN- ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What are the main changes/ improvement that happened in the material handling process in
last year?
2. What are the main evidences of the improvements?

3. What problems are still identified after the implementation of the change?

4. What are the main factors affected?

5. What are the main issues identified in each factor?

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