Name: _______________________
BIOLOGY
Topic 4: Cell Structure & Function
The Cell as an Open System
Cells are efficient, open systems that are able to exchange matter and energy with their
surroundings. Cells contain specialized structures which allow them to carry out the
processes that are essential to cell functioning. These processes include…
Structures Common to Cells
In order to carry out the processes listed above, all cells must contain the following 3 structures:
Structure:
What it does:
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
● Cells may be categorized as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic…
● Organisms such as _________________ and _________________ contain prokaryotic cells.
● Organisms such as _________________, __________________, ___________________ and
___________________ contain eukaryotic cells.
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
Single-celled or
multicellular?
DNA
characteristics
Organelles
Ribosome size
Method of
Reproduction
Overall cell size
Evolution of Eukaryotic
Cells
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
The first cells to appear on our planet were very simple, much like prokaryotic cells. So, why
did eukaryotic cells evolve? … The answer: multicellularity!
➢ List some advantages of multicellularity in the space below:
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Levels of Cellular Organization
Complete the following table comparing tissues, organs and organ systems:
What is it? Examples
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
➢ How do cells of the same type “stick together” to form tissues?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Endosymbiotic Theory
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
Endosymbiotic theory explains how eukaryotic cells are thought to have evolved from their
prokaryotic ancestors. Outline three pieces of evidence for endosymbiotic theory:
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Sketch, label, and annotate a diagram of a prokaryotic cell in the space below:
Eukaryotic Cells: Animal Cell Anatomy
Label and annotate the following diagram of an animal cell:
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
J.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Animal Cell Adaptations
Animals are adapted to perform cellular respiration, a process in which energy from glucose
is broken down into ATP. ATP is a form of energy that the organism can use.
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
➢ Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration in the space below:
➢ How do animals obtain the glucose required to fuel cellular respiration?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Plant Cells
Plants contain all of the organelles possessed by animal cells except for
____________________. There are, however, a few organelles that are unique to plant cells
(describe the function of each below)...
1) Cell Wall
2) Chloroplasts
3) Large central vacuole
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
Label and annotate the following diagram of a plant cell. Put a star beside any organelles that
are unique to plants.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: _______________________
Plant Cell Adaptations
Plants are adapted to perform photosynthesis, a process in which energy from the sun is
transformed into glucose. Glucose is a form of energy that plants can use..
➢ Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis in the space below:
➢ What other adaptations do plant cells have?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Linking Questions
1. Compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (4)
2. Deduce how prokaryotic cells are capable of producing ATP energy if they lack
membrane-bound organelles (e.g. mitochondria). (1)
3. Suggest why plant cells do not need to produce as much ATP as animal cells. (2)
- SCIENCE 10H -