Scribd
Upload
36 views54 pages

Module 4 - Modular Arithmetic

Uploaded by

DSN18
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
36 views54 pages

Module 4 - Modular Arithmetic

Uploaded by

DSN18
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Modan” Astinmetie a we Sey tek Divisibiliiy ; it a,b be 2 idyas , a $e QO divides f uh ew exists an that kK Buck ek beaxk. TP a did 6, we wi obb - A TP a dow nob diider b, we woe aXk- Sf Bei 1S) 3a 1S Ba = 1B dy iapey of ey = 1247 . 6 2) a keay 12 ay 1x (come tg? ~~ & Properties « sel dae “) ala vaez, ato @) ale ve ote () a ywaeR ta) “WN ae WYuER (s) alb s a] br Ce) ath ond ale = & 3 GW be GQ) alb ond ale OY le () alb and ble Divi sien Mgortthrn oo be bros integtas auc thet beaqgth » ocx cna appear Gb da He form SHat Fy - Seki te td Gen 4 (54,9) Aj a)sy(a WN 44 S G«GD = | (the last mae 5a (1 we (sy,a)= 1 s “2s (a we hoe SY = AXTHS => Pe 30 “Wy ea. + = SKit2 = = ea 3@ = S= axati S@ s- 22 3 @cp Le ® e From @, Yo 5-202 va sates win) 2 eG = Ger Jyxa- THE ry o) i Sue = 1X2 = KD Ss BY — 1x23 (5 4x3) + (1% -23) we = Sux tty wbee X53, Ye 23 at eg RE? aes A BAS and 492 and exprem tk io Me Besa t492y - an Bad G@c.0 of (38s, 492) ses) 4942(2 ) to ") aus. 2 )38s (I+ | 34y ny. ASE: fc Gmyeame iN Ged ut hove 3s = Cwouider O, =) BV Red Ma GOD fF 32 and SY ond cer} form 32% +S4y- sof?:- aa) s4(t 22 KIF We aesu+ Fq2y vole = Ay) Aq = Basx. +2% =) 22= 492 — (385 x2) .@ 4u 5 We 38s— (2414) 3@® tt u Bas — (22%1)) gas = $392- (e525 xIF = 38s w — 492 KI + 385K 34+ (Bas x3) — (492x189) t= (385% 38S) + (492% -19) Caring R \S 3 " CP ==) %- ab tn Mae xs S a2 - as a2) 3a2( I & GCP = ® 22 ae (32,84) = 2- to)o2 (2 2° 3 ur hove 1 sf aaxi +22 % poe non tl wr Ss 222 54 —G2x) ~O = axtio a 10 = 32-7 c2x)) 3® =e lox2¢2 2 BE a2 — (1x2) a@® a2 —(10x2) an — f32—Carxnh xr an ~ (B2xz!) + 22%? @2x3) Kaka) (Sy — 32xi) x3 ~ (32%2) (uxs) — B2K3) —02%9) ¢syxa) — (32%) = (54%3)+ (ax-©) Bat Syy chee Ra-5,4=3 HY Sole the lita Dicphanbina equatiin axtyy =2! 5 Cs) Ry Cz Sol": Given gh ds He form axthysc o=2, b= y, C= 2I- Ca,t)= (a4) 22 Dur A Ve \\ ond a WA GoD > 2u+4yy so hog vo solublon - . ?” <> SS Sclve He Natar DdioPlanking tyrabion QO iy eX - Sal = Ss of wae form axtige c- a=5, bo 3, CH4- Ss CaOi=a ts8) a1 : Ginen 2a" and ota Nye ex peck Q Solukion ays Gc: ted 3 we ‘ 2) 30 pre ay 22 5-2x0 2 O Fate O- amity = 123-280 3© ay . Gip 2: ) om ©, A473 - fe eo 3—Js—Ban}at (using OD 2 3B—-SxI + 3%! Ww = (3«2) -S*1) xPS by SY uy = x9) —(8*4) & We Sxey) + 3 xB) = 6 Asay « 1 He = 4s Y= in a pesbreuloa Selubren Generel SelM ie Hatem Ye dot im, hr mez: (@) s+ Sm 1 a+sm " ad x2 -—-4-3M . 4 shun w= BM 4, a He qoeel soln, linear —Diopheankine eqrtatton 2oxtley = S00 aS °y Sele Ye S ye smts, mez hy GZ- Soft: Rew aero, bale, C= Soo os te) 20 CI : 2 ya d ond & lc. 7 (20) Buss saeco woe expect & & i yy te (4 » ie @ SS Gon to Rad a pabadtor Sol to a Q@i- = % — Cex) 2 O te = uxy +0 @ coud Or 4 - Cex) & Neon) + (ex-1) a= me cymes, ye smaieS MER & He gous sa. BH) Rad te gered Sol ob the a? 3qx- Sey =11- @ Sf?s. Hae = 234, b= — Sb, C=HNI aq) S60 find G-0-0 of abs (32,-56) 2 G4, 86) 34 “ G.c.d ot (39,56) od 14) 39(2 re Sista > we exper a Selubfon ae Is itu ~\ nae es (Baste S Seo = 39K 414 =7 I ce Hess Re 34 = l4x2455) S52 O catheatet God > a= OxX3e2 5 EO - 59) 38 5 — (2x2) 3@ 4 b= G- aKd Cousider @, boo anki (wiry ©) = S-G@xitt 6) iw, => =) 69 -) > 1a fared|xa — Cx) Cosy ©) > = few? — (1a mty) — 1%) ey x4) — (tt XG) = BAX) = ; Se-(3aKDyRIG Coney o) as & \ = Ba x9) — Goxte) +Bexlb) Ww | 1 = (34 ywna)- (sox) xtly by u S 2) = (39x 283) — ex!) > % = 283, ga le & Jasbic ss i _—_—__— 4 = = p (ATIN . ops Bax -Sby asd? 2% =%— Em, Ys tot Sem ye (t+ 31 m > H- aS34 56m, 1 me X= Sem+2S3, yo damtle , MEE & the gerval goth ®) ind Mu gana Sel? oP bu | Fox Flr y= (68 Bas: % 2-36, Yor Oh ua paar gol” A \\ a aem—3e, ys —smban Be ge sale. ~\ m* GO oy Solve SEX + F2y= 40° SY & q Sole AX +1By = 208 Relatily Prine Nvebet * we numbuy a ond b one Aaid to be Sehabtuecly print oF Co-prinne th ond only th Glare ger # a teondll bs ae 4, fei (Bis)e pre 8 ond IS ote salabively Pre A Congrtences i= Lee om be a pasitve intryr and a Gye ony too Intages , We Soy that “a & mtn Se sncdubo mom" ak mo |(a-b) - Symbelictly , we oie 6 Eb (med m) ih Ry Sei) BEB (med 5 ass OO & sls o os = 3meAll) i \@s-3 ope @) 194 atmod I)! yw q) ct a 5k Cmod 0) 5 ee , theo SX ak digit ta a> Q A (2) Any member the form a” con be axpaand St = et3 ne +2 at . st the feat hight ©) yK+> YEH Lg Cmod ©)» 2 = almed w), ss w), 3 “ae i = + (mod 10) cae agit tomy nee gaa form DO din: te art Os | & Pm ecees wo) Be unite digit a a: umnete, of Soe FO e* de for a A Cay 8 = Swed 9) pombe Ba form ova Ss unit digit A ony (s) Ray rember fh te Pow a con be exptersed oF 0) We KV K+ K+3 ee ee ae ait Qtkt ge = gtmed (©) » = atmed te) 2S 4 Cmed te) and ater? = (med to) Atcordingly att agit oF ony number of She form af wou & 6, 27448 < G) Amy pombe Bote fom TT Gon be ex prened as > a, qe que ae ques . =e vtmed w) « qe = aCmod 0), 498 2 seduba ie eae “Nkt® 3 (mod 10) & «a drat numbex, fom 7° Aceordingty Unit digits any RA uw one oF 14,49 or 3- e G) Neen bes oh Ma fon ey (® Nombex ot Me form 8° & th) domben A Be er 28 3 Linear Con quench t= fe tengaance hese eb Grd a) of sttal a Meer | corepuscnce tn ‘hn tekugis value tx lik Actes Ae “ae Ge cabled By Selubion OF soot . Note i sac Rack Congusnte ah Eb Cnod mo) with famed bos no Solublon dh ath. or Ci) exactty df congfusre Solubrons module m ah alb- (2) TR a and m ore satokirely Prime we (om) st pian the lento Congiesace ad = blmeod m) has a unique Solubion - (3) Lez men, a,b be tnkepene - Th a and m a sobivelly prime Hen @ Sot” oP inter Congiearnte AXE t(mod m) ts Called on tnveue ot a. modulo m «(fe X= a''mod m)) Working puctedane te Solve Lincat Congtusnce ¢ oy) Given ax Eb (mod m) —> O Sup-1; find Cam) = a> Stap-2 + chuck colakrer dlb. < Sep 3: G) TH Abb then O has no Solebor ‘settee GTP Alb Man @ bos 4 fo Congtaet Bs 4 ; ios MoMy Stp-bi Lk $8, Ga we “a WwW Ae 2B Cwod Mav? @ Han equctzin D breemts Sa @ wit. (AM) at ond VOXOS qo G) her a oniane & = wha A In congrnnnd) Sesto? oe ee sep-Ss 7 pare Re» ~ 1 eE am. Me + (A=S™ (12), Facblurs > Aust dea.’ ent digit an gee ‘ So ado = hxSaz +? = ykr2 wZ°9 yee ge ge a toned 18) QB Unk dtgit - S 200 . i 3 . 0 Y Find the oct agit pe es 1 ds Hae ode oe = v 3) fad Ha ook digi cfr pants 8g NTS —_" . . 4 gia te onk aig _ FS has fe lest aigit ~~ San 2013 “heen Y Fe ee meen SSH staat 9. a ae = 5) fica oe Sos Re oe 8 ahs. SHRENE Coed 0) a Be OO all ©) ok dug Sn = mea wadl Ks ok he eee ) Ard the dot pe ne aekee RH 2" = Ulmed (0) - Saft. 2 4 sa Hae Soak ease Riad te leak digi ei 1 . a digit in 4. 13) Sol al 34 = hoe (22) oh weet kde = = Y (med (o) yy Be lost digit 4) Rind Mua unik digit in 9S. Solo. gros ar =~ els anes gant | aw ~ = = BC SR te Bae Ok digit - wer Toy Rad te lek digit of ian: 0?" Sol: 1B = 13 Cod to) & ieatmeey 2 Ss meager 13 = 4 (med 10) ~~) apes & Be ¢ oO) A as2F = ct Cred 0) OC . 2 1 (med 10) + 213 oo Wy Rad the mT sof) Peshtan S) We? 4 Cmed (9) yar e ya cmed (©) SY ye Att we) we = 153(med 10) we =i pene! 2 8 (ahs CY Cred ©) 17 = a Comed te) tat = 1 Cmed w) Bl ay He odie dagt- aS = 4 Gmod 0) exit = U8 (mod 10) Tay Rad Bey Aarmaind, lun "°° divided by 22 - (4) aafos- Ps 3 Crnod 28) a & CAPs 3° (mod 23) > 18 = a4 (med 23) 2 Tle y (mod 23) > (CP) yr (red 8) > +! te (mod 23) YX i 2 ® 0 > 2 ° me & Se} Creal 9D x = ya (mod 23) => wes 3 Cmed 23) Be Be reeiader ee “°° iy ainded by 29 %) Ried: Ms ark (Gee opal when a3! 4 divdad by S sA:- A Q @ = 2 = GE 1 Come > (at) = ened 8) 2) 30 a (med 5) > 2b) a Cmat 5) > ae (mod 5) Bel . QO ete ae mrt gan’ = is dwided by S. Bee ore calanoid bY FF aa i a® = ase = a1 (mod 49) 43) earls 2 28 » Vs (2 Cened yd a *) abe ua) qui (4 7 ul (mod 4) eek =) 27 E 8 (med 49) la > a’ gt = \exat (mod 4) 2304 (mod 49) 4a) 2304 (49 as) » p ie 2” 2 1 Cmed 4) Taay 1 be Gmoinas & A Hes ISy find the semacndir estan of? og abe © = 36 (med 39) S & oe, -1 Cmad 39) > CeP Pe Ca (med 34) WwW 2) 6? = 1 (med 39) We Remainder mM 4 ¥ TS Rad the remainder eolen 1002 5 salt: ain te = 3 (med 13) SS was ie > es)? z 243 (mod 3 0 4 > ge e 7 Comrod \ aa a 12) afer ove 13) eee wal asy> 3 (mod (3) & =F SP = BI (mod 18) ns ay pee = Sqoua (med 12) 24 a6 ase VW af = a (Cmod 18) ec Remainder 4 3 (Cadtanctve quctrect tn next oe) Siete aed te astded by H an:- Ga = 1 (mod 7) es 1 Crmod 2) AB = \Cmeoa we 1 (mod #) - we 64K BBXIBYXIG S | x-1K1 x1 Cmod H) Ce, = 1 (mod we | dt Me Aammatndir wt — A find the Aematadsr wlan 2 & diidad by 13- tee > (FP = (1! (mod 13) t)toee Cesk ~\ b ae 8 “Ge > = 1 (med 13) =e ‘ Bow, cP =) 2% at = 16 (mod 13) Ee ea? = 3 (mod 13) & WB ds She remainder - x ID Rad He Remainder olen axe divided by T° siya) BS (19 x a Ig Soot 4) oh Q a @ a = THE 4 nod a a ond HEE 6 Cmod 4) Ss us = 2x4x6(med #) = Ye Cmod 9) Duele & {Be = 6 (mod 4) —e Ce Mae Rermaindie 4 6. ” Rind He tameindsr when GUXESKCL + divdad by OF: - Soli i= Gy E —3 (med FH) Gs = ~2 (mod 6%) 6é = -1 (med 6%) wh GYXOSXEE EZ —6 (mod 6H) & G1 (mod or) > Gl au He Aematadr WOH2.e) Find the Aemaindir Cohen IFgR1aXS3 JH (1a) cdividsd by l4s = 10 (med i) nw) 3s 113 = 3Cmod 0) ~\ 2s & $324 (med 1) ww. LAS KNNBXS3 = 10x3x4 (mod w in | = gto Cmod i) 6 (moe 11) x w ai, Be Remainder C2 6 & EN Rnd tue Aemaindir colan Jenne Fy X26 4 divided by 3. sal? i 3) 34a (6 3) ae 3) 86 (12 =") 3h 4 a ik Orn = par = 4 CO» 5 tHe ares 8) > 36 = 0 (ned 8) 1x2K0 (mod 3) > co (mod 8) w Be Femetndite uo: Problimt on Linear Congtusaces spk . Ses NY Raa Hee Leask positive valluct hn Auch the () ty = x (mod 8) a) Ws oe >» the Yee SEA: xj (i) ABtx = 3 (med 5) > aeti—-2 = Sn (NH ONY inkage 4844 = 30 « >> iy toe los te VoL 2%; By inspection , X= S cee Feys sso a enekkiply &® The late vee oF XS x Ge) 84 =F Ca+3) (med 4) wv 849 4-3 = 49 & we ge-x = 49 By inspection | ae Sine 96-2 e284 we The tenes Aad a. ww) a = AY@ 5 . ey So OF it, 2380 x. SS GBH Fe SEES. & mw, mabhipl has Chey ‘aspectton) Q we LEH te He lease positive vahus ha. we Be Lok ue vole A OL. tg whe 4 Gy) 2) Solve 34 =S (mod 6) S19: comparing with axzblmed m) Here a=3, b=5, mak. 3) G( 2 Ca,m)= (3,6) = 3 & Check, aie or not 8 x S we aig flee @ 345- Given Linear Congrrsace hos no Selubyon WO By Solve 34 = 2 (mod 4) e @ Sol) :- Hee 23, b=2,M=4- (ayer) = (34) 21 2 a Cay) ogagel2 (i 418) Thus given congruence hes onsage coud 3xzqimes4) © sy 34-2 SHXK x: => xe WKtA eR | 3 Pe kro, *> a az WPa (noe y) oa Be sete “KD. Se Qe = a@ods) ae: Ne O22, b=3, mas: Stam) = (as)et sa Gep ond v\a Ce die) —thut given Congivence hor a unique sop Cousiasr 2% = 3 (mod S) =) ax-3 25K a= SKHB 2) = Pu Kay LE gz fae Be 15 te Ss 2 epee i LEW Cod S) Bee str. Sy sole 31 5 2 mod (9). Hee a=3, b= 2, malt 4 Roya) = aaa v\> (a dle) cod Thus given Congomee hed Lndgue goth Couta 3% = 2 Cmod 19) 3 34-2 =14ek. So ae VEKt? : x P& Keo, 2248 EE wv Pl ke ty =e Ma Ee & Pe Ker ME 3h ais 2° hes 2% 212 (mod Oe. sate. Wis Me Selution er Wu Mtrear Congeence (= (med 25) Me bey, ma2o : m9 ao 21 = Boe and Vly (@ ale) thas Congtusnce har Unique Sof9, S& (UO 2 y (med 28) 2 Wi-4 = 25K Cam) Sx =) as askth nt Pub = W €z Pu key, 1 uy ¢z2 Poe Kets ae Hn ¢* Be Ke Sy ce Ou PB Pu sK&z 2g KH SUH GE Pie key X= ISU tty 2- a fue Keds ne tYude thes Lely (med 26) & te sol? D Sowe AL = Ahmed 30) 3O (21) soln. Har ata, ba2l, M=3o- a)30(3 s Cam) = (4,30) 232d ond 31M (& 4 \b) Daa + given Congfisance, hos 3 sclubvous oa wero m KS % = A(med to) —@ a . > 34-F = Ok ‘ a: We & Pur eos LE Hs EE & Pues Katy ve lH 2 Pu kee i ke aaa & Re fo LEA (med to) ds tte & ote Lek te 4 ond the Aamog Out ox. obkoinsd by Bet Ao 200 eR = +32 qg+ ge MN 19, 249: a? ERS thus sss hee Q wet Mle eo), 6 ES (mod 3°) neg + | Sokaapet x = Be (med 42) > © | = | wn ne Oalk, bad, MHD: wy2( 2» Oo (am) = (ie, 2) = Gad and G| 30 (& d\b) = Duals hase comp tas tt. be divde ef © by 6: 3x 2.5 (mod +) > @ =) 3x-S5 = 4k: (229 x = yCmod Hts Me sl Ft a @- Lek Lo Hy Crd Ba Remaining Gal? ax obtained by 2m sm Sa Ray tot 3 | Ae HHP, Xe AL eWtH ye BH ya ae yt IE, ° = Wl, 18, as, 32, 39 hus Me @ Sstubtour of gr O ae! LEY (mod yo) , LE Ui (mod 42), Bie mes no LE as(mod 42), T= 32 (med Ae = 3q (mod 42) - 4 Solve 36%+412 5 0 (mod ig, Sol%:- Given sex = 2 @ is) —®© Woe o=36, » mals: WW) 36(2 (a,m) = (Se, Mees oad §=3|-12 dle iste | thas Given O. hog 3 Solubrous , 3 3)G(2 ia oO: of © by 3- geo S = -4 (med S) 3@ es Pur Ko 38s wei de. Pur kel, X= 4 42 Puke Ky y asl dz Pur «Kz y Le 2 Cz Pub Ka ds x= & de i ¢ Pur KeG 5 12 26 ¢2 Put co Spe = 3 (23 ke3; += 34 ¢2- ) Pub ke, %= 36 .3 @R- B(mod S) sa the Gol a O° thes % he te 2 Lib tg 23 and te Aamasaing Saf? ote obtatard by A. ~ S , a = B+4s a+ 32 = 8,13. 3 3 G sug te 3 Solublous of ef @O ow: oS = 3Cmed IS) , @ Cmod IS), X= ners . e toy Solve BLE 2 Cmod 22) Pus: unique SX - HE Uo Cod UY Solve SEE 1 (mod 4) Pus: Uniques Sal? i- neon GN tx = 2Cmed 1nd Solve Aug onigue § = 32 Cmod 39) 1a) Selve tx Ms wo) Pus: ee ee cdamd te), CEEmod 10) | ww) ines & (mod 21) = (mod 21), TELE (mod 21) . <8 (med 21), % = Q 3 acts: X24 Siqtieeras Pees, Bsucnes —— Qu) Chinese Remaindir. “Theessm Lek mi ma, in Lg, be positive tnkigns poas . slakively prime (iy) 21 for tay K Lk bib, by be arbttvang intngine - a Than the system of Mnear conginencts > a zh, (med mi) 4 = by Cmod me) © . xy : & ae by bred enon) s hor exackly owe golukien meduto x m, Mn My working Suhe Ky ee Gieen X Er Cred mi) % = by (mod Mm) y rae bal g apt very Conf | br OF; see Rad ey eget = for Kat,2--— * ne agider Ku Linear Congpsancs ne = 1 Cenod my) oa ow on wotth Hue Unique Bolubion + Btep S* The Unique solukea Fe the Syston oR iness Congituances es gfven bY es Mm + ba Mz % Lp by My, Se produhs: “Mle: Problors Qs) system eb Minter, Congtuences + NY Sole Be LE 2(mod 4) x= almed 3), La 3(meds) , sd0i- Hoe by =2- b, =3, bg = 2 m)=3, M=S, m, = 4- “ ue veaity thet (3,s)= 1, (8,9) = Now Me mi mms = 3x*SxXF =105, and My = Mee oS hoy K=1,2,3° xs Eg ay wetS as, M, = 1S= a, Hast = ts 3 S XS coustder Myx 5 ICmod om) for Qprr.3- =) asxei(mes 3), MLS) ses 8), 15x = I (med 4) « By trapechion, %= 2, %2 ail Aye cae Aaktabied - Thus, 2 UNiqpe selubis Hs System U8 modulo M eB by Hi + by. Ot by Mg% 5 a axIsxt mod 10S us wraene oe 233 ( ws ) By] ‘SY ayem of Linear congiments using CRT: a3 (med FY , LES(mod I), LE G (mod 4). met, med, Met: we verity thee (8) at, CAA=t ond (2! Now, M= mimam = &XIKXA= SOY oz |M= SOY and My eM. SY fe r k=1,23 (Qe) > M, = Sh 263, M, = SH = se, M; = Sot 242, Conidae My % 2 1 (mod © Me) for Kel ByB> « =) G34 5 1 (mod #) 5 S6XS1Cmed 9)» rea et 9 By faspeckion , %\ =F, is as ye hoe Aokss | thes oO nique Solutun fh Bae Ayttem WwW ME Mm tba Ma te 4° bs Ma % prada au aw 3x 63x49 + SXSOXS + 6% F2%4 4q x = WY (med sou) Q udausi(s 4032 om = WIA Cmed S04) & BH © er n1q Ee Solve He System of Rintor Weer oo Lting Remainder Heertm : LE 3(mod 8), dO Sol. Hoe b= : 2, b3= was, 26, mast we vert by ag ’ = ly (mod 4) (spat, Ce, een end (8, 4H=1 = Mo. 210 fer Ket? mM! MK e, «= 206 = SAA) 2 Ma = 210. Pins aa 5 Mette 8s | Meee ee coutder MX = (mod me) for K2n23 & Ka TZ: = yrz2xei(meds) , asy = (mod 6). 30% = \ (mod 4) by tespedoo, 2=3, YES, ZH ™% Sebi fied « | Thus a vniqus Solution of tte System Us es CBM H+ ba May + bg Mat modute M YE 3KYy2*34+ 2x3SKS + YXZ0K mod 210 X = 1208 (med 210) 210) 1208 (S < lo so X 2199 (mod aio) i F Se ~\ is Me Unique Saf”. tee ° LE aCmed S), LE 1 lmod ww \ od (oS. WX = S(med 3), 8S) LES 3 (meg 4) , tS 2 (med 3), @ Gy yrs S (med a) » axe 6 tana AS Hw; HX = 6 (med 9) Ww > alavs & ies = ai Rex > “ = ok+ kts 7 Lae kts ak 5: ye-s oun t=0 oe qz- Cousider 2X5 Gl(mod 20) : When See 3 and DHB] agft erat] Ses x ~zeCmod a) and LE 3 (mod lo). X = Y3 (mod 180) Oe Polynocntad Congrsences F(x) = agtDta xy... ta, = ofmed nm) whe A%I ond 2p, 1, Ar---. An GR y Heprrrents Key polynomial Con ce Rock ch F(X) (mod m) “S ae, dy cated Mee ey FC) \ soot! Fla) Cmed oo) 3K 4) sav C2” Ww Sytem cb Linea Congrucnces to > variables > QPL verioblur : Coustdee a sytem of Linen onginnen aitky = (mod a) > cat dy = (med 9) The system bes oO Solubica S The Sythe bes sagen ak 93 (ad-be , 9) =1- ges (a,c. Fermakis Wile une Nombe and pha Gry (abate ——— Te pee PA fan “OE 5 g- aex (t- 4) (t 4) a NS 2 36 x2 > $20 =2- nip theotim: TH ged (arn) al, Aen at) = 1 (mod n) Lore la) tb Eude’s bobienk funckion « Mole: Euels Bustem Ja o generetizekin Ro fermats Lite dhemsers Handling with pores oh tnkagens medida posttie Uigeu . Problens on Pabynomial Conppuences (3c) Dy Find Ha sect! af Ha polyromic? aot2x—2 (mod S) Salm Geatdn fla) = vee? $te) = — 3 Fo (med S) tu)= OF o (mod S) &— ~ He = SE oo (mod 5) 4) = va o (mod S) #4) = au do (mod S) > sO Lat, Hed ow dhe aoots Ff Hx)wod NS ZY Salve the Conginence wo 3e 4s 2 oth . So{9* @iven #0) = ao Ba +2 3 ome oNOrsu seh TA Solution lies Ma sek §-3,-2, 4,04 2, 34. Sie a folmed +) $5 = -268 F S f= - = i) 4 29 =° en (med a #U) = - 2) = 22 40 (mod * ie $a) = 218 4° cmos 9) Nxt ela bed)! ge tt BO LE 1 (mod) Ae ee A DOEred D ee LB Shwe Ae cots Sit bie cell ily Sh Canin alas & seed) ga oe He sls of me Given F(A) = ge +2%-3 = olmod 9). aia Sdtabien be fee ee qoyteee eb oF ay po, emt oa : $(eu) = as $0 (mod a) 4-2) = -18 fo (mod y = (mod 9) f(-)= —6 $e lmed 9) aRiGes 2 4(-3) = flo) = -3 - o(mod 4) SOreas } wit ay (31) FO) = 0s o€emed VY teu = 69 4 oC med 4) £0) = 4 = olmed 1) FN 42-3, 1,2 (med 7) om Ltn Root of given congruence . LE (mod 9) , LEM Cred > * F almeod at) he HK 3 Roots of He gues Con gunence W Find att te roots of tre Conguante ataty = : Ms). Sof%- Given F(x) = C414 F =F O(med 15) - SY Tis scl? ies tn Gee wet fot 2,---- ne Ht {-t-6, ---. o-oo th @ FCA) = 49 4 o(mod IS) F09 29, ke\ aks wens 242 nae Mh keu > [ee 3 * Petes} Ow , 4x4 3y 2 tolmed tb) or yay tay & to (ered ©) > at eaittenwd) (OD > wilaytt © ayr s bk 2 = Wek-0 D. Ae kets YF? gic Veto’ 2 la = 4 (med 16) ] (ons) al 2) Sowe the aysiem ct eysrokions axtey = (med F , Wat aye 2Cmed 4) 2) Sol; - as2, b=b6, =I ‘ naa: Cah, d=3, A= . acd (a, bin) = ¥e4 (26,9) =! gcd (ain be 2) The system hot % solution RS Also ged (ad-be, n) = 9e4 (is, 2 =8 > 1 The System Wes & vniqpe Soluben, os Comider 2X4 Cy = 1(med D WwW yi ray = > med Aye 2 ra at+ey = 1 (med +) @ arty 204 (med 4) Ry —6n = —3(mod 7) oO 2 2 w? > 9% = 1 (med 4) & a» Fl2%x1 & ane FK J am Berd Ey ket, 2246, 9 0 Comider ree 1 (mod H ss oy = 1(omed D > Gy = —t (med 4) Ss | cyt? GO butte tke > Dy y= tke Kel >. Feo €z Thy xe U(modt) Y y = o(mod BD Us Bee Sclubien . 3B) Solve 51434 = 2 (med t4) (24) —34 +yy = F (mod ty) aati a=S, bo3, m=? enc, dey, ag 2% ged ([Link]) = ged (53,14) = as a sytem har a Sstubyon- RS Aso ged (ad—bey n) = Qed (29,14) =) > The Gyptem haa a one Solubien wide SHH BY = 2(mod \4) x3 xs ~3x+uy = F (mod ly) x5 & a = +4y E 6 (med 4) —Igt +204 & as (med 4) aay = Al (med y > LS, Now, Sx+ 34 a, . > Saesa 4) > Sxe —, \4) iy) St Sty Sanat = Tye a 1 Min2* Se > neo 9 2 ome oa Sa Sthus 2x Et(mod tn) 209 F = Eee ly) ee geln. T) Sehe Sarey = to(med 18) > Er 74 = Bitero Sa) ae S(med (3) ord Y= uy (mod 13) fas @s) | Problens oo Fermat's Witt Hosen NS Rad 37 mod # Sol9:- By Feamatln LHL Haora , at, = 1 (med P) (iow: ox S37 bE 9) | 3° = 1 Cmed < | 3» GY = 8 (od 7) ~\ 2 8g! 5 3-1 (mod VD > 1 3?! 3 (mod #) . xs d fad 1n'*7 rod It gofos. By Fermat's Uhl Haeoum - a zl (mod P) , Op ag! = 1 (mod I) \ a (8 > Cost) = UF (med 9° wus “is 2 vast 2 1 tmed , nod 4) 28 we I 128 2) ras Gatert 13) ing ae BY stow thek Or da divisible by 3t Sold :- By In Lite theorem , ge: 1 (mod p) + hee 228, pa3l- we = 1 Cmed 30 ro (ca) gi = 0 (med 31) Since tee weneieden 7 conctude tok — ay divisible by 3t- rie HY find te Atmasnder Lalen 2° & divided by 12 (36) By Fermata Little tHeorem abt s (med p) 5 hee aaa, Pals a = 1 (med (3) 12) loco (83 % “ Sef :- = (2)? = 12? (ood 13) h ye 2 a 2 1 med \3) Se > a aM gt = 2 (med 13) 2 ah? g te (mod 13) ag?” 3° 3 (med 1) 3 the wemainda colen aire ck “So 5) Rad fee Aemaiedir colun 31°°°°2 epee by 3 Sof? = By Fermat's Jatt, tusrtm atte rtmod P+ 3 3% = 1 Cmed s3) yy y la- o=3, p=53 52) jocooe (1423 52 5 GS = ae d 53) ie > 3% hints #2) Tze Teo (Sh eae 2 SS. 2 a Crod $3) W. aa the tematader olen grrr? cx alrtdiedl Uy eas 3 fhe emainds wlan aye & divided by rey By Fermak a Little Huorem , oO ‘= 1 (mod p) 5 Wwe 852K, pela = ay = 1 Cod te) tay (121 3h q > (a) 2 4 Coed 12) 45 cs WW 3 > oy 1436 " (33) = 1 (mod (4) 25; aii, ay"! = au" (med 1) ) a 2 ay" (mod 19) > (D 2 4 5 % (med It) 3 © 5D ay* = 44 (mod 19) "ae \s =) ay? = —2 (med 14) a => (ayx)5 = 2) Cenod 19) - : Gs (med 19) "ae =) ay” = 2 (rod 14) 9O© = @ x@> aut. ay = 1.2. Cmod 14) xe 2) ay! = ty (mod 14) we usig, this fo ©, & mo & Iy Cmrod 14, . ty a He remasrtea inn aul? cg divided by It AY find He remaind Selo: 4 S" ts diustble by 7- 4 tHuomm » PO Emod p) oo hee as5, PaF 5 & 1 (med) > O “Qe 4 (onod > (52° =u Ged 9) SY 2 Ste 1b (med 3) 54 = almed 3) 3® Dx O® » iste trlmed V =) ae = a (med a) ‘ By Fermat's wn aig! (med 3) 5 5" solo? *) Como 4) 3 da tHe Mmoindr - 9) Solve Be Con gmante gi? = 4 (med wu) (33) Sol? ;- By formas Litte tuorem , ab = iemod bp) 2 Ware wx , Pal => x'° £1 (mod 11) 2D (ate) = 1! (mod 4) A Dw =e 1 (mod ut) ~\s SF =z 17 (med =) S co 83a x? (med 0) go, wt only need fo sole 2S H(mnod ") “& TP ue by a voles fom =I Hrraugh 1210 BE See thet 5? = 4 (med 0) te SS 47 Solve Me conguaence 95° = we Sel0:- By Rermakn Ute Hecren) o2® 51 Cnod 29) Aorleokig aod, pe aq) iv 2) 2 su 29) =) wigs x2 (med 29) > & = 9% (mod 29) 4 So, we ae fo Solve 27 26 (med aa). ov a a mutkple 2° 2q| are . ewe = 24 K 24k+& 235 + X42 ke2s 6y > wee €2- . & (med 29) heey vw

You might also like